4.2 Article

A Scaffold- and Serum-Free Method to Mimic Human Stable Cartilage Validated by Secretome

期刊

TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A
卷 27, 期 5-6, 页码 311-327

出版社

MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0311

关键词

scaffold; and serum-free; spheroids; adipose stem; stromal cells; stable cartilage; secretome

资金

  1. Plan Cancer
  2. CNRS
  3. National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [457541/2013-0, 467513/2014-7]
  4. LIA HUTIL project (CNRS-INSIS)
  5. LIA HUTIL project (INMETRO)
  6. Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) [202.831/2015]
  7. National Center of Science and Technology on Regenerative Medicine-INCT Regenera
  8. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

向作者/读者索取更多资源

A new scaffold- and serum-free method was developed to produce stable cartilage construct using adipose stem/stromal cells and cartilage progenitor cells. The method resulted in enhanced chondrogenesis and the discovery of potential new biomarkers associated with cartilage formation.
A stabilized cartilage construct without signs of hypertrophy in chondrocytes is still a challenge. Suspensions of adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) and cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) were seeded into micromolded nonadhesive hydrogel to produce spheroids (scaffold- and serum-free method) characterized by size, immunohistochemistry, fusion, and biomechanical properties. After cell dissociation, they were characterized for mesenchymal cell surface markers, cell viability, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Both targeted and nontargeted (shotgun mass spectrometry) analyses were conducted on the culture supernatants. Induced ASC spheroids (o = 350 mu m) showed high cell viability and CD73 downregulation contrasting to CD90. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 3/TGF-beta 1 ratio and SOX9 increased (p < 0.05), whereas interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, RUNX2, and ALPL decreased. Induced ASC spheroids were able to completely fuse and showed a higher force required to compression at day 14 (p < 0.0001). Strong collagen type II in situ was associated with gradual decrease of collagen type X and a lower COLXA1 gene expression at day 14 compared with day 7 (p = 0.0352). The comparison of the secretome content of induced and non-induced ASCs and CPCs identified 138 proteins directly relevant to chondrogenesis of 704 proteins in total. Although collagen X was absent, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), described as antiangiogenic and antihypertrophic, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a biomarker of chondrogenesis, were upregulated in induced ASC spheroids. Our scaffold- and serum-free method mimics stable cartilage acting as a tool for biomarker discovery and for regenerative medicine protocols. Impact Statement Promising adult stem cell sources for cartilage regeneration include adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Our main objective was the development of a reproducible and easy-to-handle scaffold- and serum-free method to obtain stable cartilage from induced ASC spheroids. In addition to targeted protein profiling and biomechanical analysis, we provide the first characterization of the secretome composition for ASC spheroids, providing a useful tool to monitor in vitro chondrogenesis and a noninvasive quality control of tissue-engineered constructs. Furthermore, our secretome analysis revealed a potential novel biomarker-thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), known by its antiangiogenic properties and recently described as an antihypertrophic protein.

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