Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Kapil Garg, Suvir Singh, Mahadev Rokade, Shubham Singh
Summary: Structural steel loses its tensile strength and ability to resist deformation when exposed to fire, hence passive fire protection systems are used. This study compared the performance of organic and inorganic coatings in different fire conditions. Standard, hydrocarbon fire, and jet fire experiments were conducted. Results showed that both organic and inorganic materials performed worse in jet fire scenarios due to impingement/turbulence effect and thermo-mechanical effect caused by gas velocity.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kuibin Zhou, Mengya Zhou, Mengyuan Huang, Yifan Wang
Summary: This paper systematically investigates jet fire in a pit (JFP) caused by the explosion of underground pipelines. The study observes different types of flames and develops correlations for flame length and width in various pits, as well as proposes models to predict thermal radiation. The research indicates that flame buoyancy becomes more significant than nozzle exit momentum as the nozzle exit velocity increases, leading to the evolution of JFP behavior.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mukesh Singh Tomar, Shashank Khurana, Snehaunshu Chowdhury
Summary: Road tunnel fires pose risks to life safety and structural integrity. Most tunnel fire safety systems are designed based on the heat release rate (HRR) parameter. Calcium silicate boards are commonly used as a passive protection material due to their easy installation and high temperature resistance. However, recent studies have shown that structural linings, such as calcium silicate linings, can affect the HRR by enhancing heat feedback and fuel burning rates.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kuibin Zhou, Mengya Zhou, Mengyuan Huang, Yifan Wang
Summary: This paper presents a systematic investigation on the jet fire in a pit, including the variations of gas entrainment mode and flame behavior. A dimensionless heat release rate coupling the pit geometrical property is developed to correlate the flame area and length, which is validated by experimental data. Models for predicting the thermal radiation of the jet fire are proposed.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Min Gyu Ryu, Kunhou He, Dong Hun Lee, Sung-In Park, Giles Thomas, Jeom Kee Paik
Summary: This paper introduces new computational models for analyzing the heat transfer and fire-induced progressive collapse behavior of steel stiffened plate structures, which were validated through comparisons with test data. The novelty of this paper lies in the new procedure proposed for the fire-induced progressive collapse analysis of steel stiffened-plate structures.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jian Jiang, Yaoliang Lu, Xu Dai, Guo-Qiang Li, Wei Chen, Jihong Ye
Summary: This study investigates the disproportionate collapse behavior of three-dimensional steel-framed gravity buildings subjected to traveling fires. The research finds that the duration of the heating phase, fire curves, and fire spreading speeds have significant effects on the collapse behavior. It is recommended to consider possible fire scenarios and increase the fire-resistance rating of components to prevent collapse under a traveling fire with a long-cool fire curve.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Marina Gravit, Boris Klementev, Daria Shabunina
Summary: Cases of fire at oil and gas facilities are assumed to be hydrocarbon fires, characterized by rapidly rising temperatures up to 1093 degrees Celsius and overpressure. Epoxy-based materials are able to provide good fire protection for steel structures, withstanding chemical and climatic impacts.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sanetoshi Saito, Yuki Yamauchi
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics of the ceiling jet in tunnel fires and the impact of tunnel wall materials on heat loss. The scaling parameters of heat loss through tunnel walls were introduced by conducting a theoretical analysis, and the influence of thermal properties of the walls was quantitatively evaluated. The results show that heat loss through tunnel walls is expressed as a function of the Biot number and Fourier number, with the introduction of a combustion time requirement for model experiments.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hongyu Lu, Shixiang Liu, Jiang Lv, Xin Li, Michael A. Delichatsios, Longhua Hu
Summary: This work investigates the flame geometrical characteristics of vertical downward turbulent jet fires in still air. The study proposes a new physical model and conducts CFD simulation to show the combustion structure. The research reveals the inner flow field and average mixture fraction of a downward jet fire and validates the CFD result with experimental data. It also discusses the differences between downward, upward, and horizontal jet fires and presents a physical model considering the initial downward momentum, flame buoyancy, and air entrainment.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Henrique Martini Paula
Summary: This article presents insights from research on fire incident data from tank farms worldwide. The incidents and information came from over 130 sources, including technical reports and news reports. The research has provided valuable insights on various aspects of tank farm fires, including frequency, injuries/fatalities, fire water system reliability, and hazard identification. The data also allowed for analysis of factors such as ignition source and tank roof type.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Manh Hung Nguyen, Salah-Eddine Ouldboukhitine, Sebastien Durif, Veronique Saulnier, Abdelhamid Bouchair
Summary: This paper aims to analyze the thermal behavior of hybrid stee-ltimber elements through experimental tests and numerical modeling. The results demonstrate that wood provides significant protection to the steel cross-section, acting as an insulating material to reduce temperature rise. The experimental results are validated by thermal simulations using Abaqus software, indicating the model's ability to evaluate temperature increase in high-temperature conditions for steel elements protected by timber.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Naveed Alam, Chrysanthos Maraveas, Konstantinos Daniel Tsavdaridis, Ali Nadjai
Summary: This paper investigates the fire performance of a steel-concrete composite flooring system in standard and natural fires. Results show that using intumescent coatings can improve the fire resistance of the system, extending its fire duration.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hong-Zeng Yu
Summary: The study investigated the efficacy and requirements of using water mist to extinguish fires in circular, horizontally-oriented ducts under no fire conditions with air flow provided by a blower. Tests showed that the fire could be successfully extinguished regardless of fire size when the water mist concentration exceeded 300 g/m³ in the air flow. The cooling effect of the tested protection was deemed adequate to maintain the structure integrity of exhaust ducts made of various materials during the fire extinguishment process.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
C. Viegas, R. Batista, A. Albino, M. Coelho, J. Andrade, D. Alves, D. X. Viegas
Summary: This article discusses the increasing occurrences of extreme forest fire events due to global warming, and introduces protective solutions such as fire-resistant fabrics and water cooling systems. Through multiple experiments, the effectiveness of new fire barriers has been validated, providing new insights and methods for actively combating extreme wildfires.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhou Wang, Ru Huang, Qichao Yao, Xuezheng Zong, Xiaorui Tian, Ben Zheng, Valerie Trouet
Summary: Accounting for 41.7% of China's total land area, grasslands are crucial for the livelihoods of over 20 million people. This study examined the spatiotemporal patterns and seasonality of grassland fires in China from 2008 to 2020. The research revealed that most grassland fires occurred in Inner Mongolia, with distinct differences in fire seasonality between northern and southwestern China. The findings contribute to decision-making by fire prevention and management authorities in China.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xingxing Hu, Lingjie Liu, Yanmeng Bi, Lu Li, Chunsheng Qiu, Jingjie Yu, Shaopo Wang
Summary: In this study, the impact of exogenous folate on the start-up process of single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (SPNA) was evaluated using two lab-scale reactors. The results showed that folate addition can enhance nitrogen removal rate, extracellular polymeric substances production, hydrazine oxidase and dehydrogenase activity, as well as the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shaocang He, Tingting Shen, Jing Sun, Haoqi Pan, Chenxu Sun, Tianpeng Li, Runyao Li, Enshan Zhang
Summary: A novel process of acid leaching neutralization was developed for the preparation of inorganic polymeric composite ferric aluminum silicate coagulant (CFAS) using solid waste coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS). The optimized preparation process was determined through single-factor experiment and the performance of CFAS was evaluated for domestic sewage treatment. The results showed that CFAS exhibited excellent coagulation ability and achieved significant removal efficiency for turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kinga Szatmari, Sandor Nemeth, Alex Kummer
Summary: In this article, a resilience-based reinforcement learning approach is proposed to address the potential thermal runaway issue in batch reactors. By calculating the resilience metric for reactors and utilizing Deep Q-learning to decide when to intervene in the system, resilient-based mitigation systems can be effectively developed.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingyou Jiang, Qi Yao, Mingqing Su, Jingjing Li, Kunlun Lu, Dawei Ding, Han Hong
Summary: This study investigates the inhibitory characteristics and mechanisms of ABC powder on coal powder explosion. The addition of ABC powder significantly decreases the maximum explosion pressure and can completely suppress coal dust explosions. The study also reveals the thermal decomposition characteristics and reaction kinetics of the mixed system.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kubilay Bayramoglu, Mustafa Nuran
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of using pyrolytic oil from waste tires as fuel in diesel engines, and evaluates its energy, exergy, and sustainability. The results indicate that pyrolytic oil has potential as a renewable fuel source with relatively high thermal efficiency.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinru Duan, Yejia Lv, Jiaxing Hong, Jianzhong Wu, Jia Zhang, Yang Yue, Guangren Qian
Summary: This study successfully prepared a tube reactor with optimized catalyst formula, which showed good performance in removing dioxins and other pollutants in the experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiaoyang Du, Xueming Dang, Xiaorong Gan, Xin Cui, Huimin Zhao
Summary: In this study, a photocatalyst-enzyme hybrid system was constructed, which solved the issue of enzyme inactivation caused by high concentration of H2O2 through photocatalytic in-situ H2O2 production, and improved the stability and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. The effectiveness of the system in treating phenolic EDCs was confirmed through experiments.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fu-Rong Xiu, Longsheng Zhan, Yingying Qi, Xinyue Lei, Jiali Wang, Haipeng Zhou, Wenting Shao
Summary: This study developed a synergetic and high-efficiency treatment of waste tantalum capacitors (WTCs) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using subcritical water process. The treatment significantly reduced the temperature and reaction time for metal tantalum recovery from WTCs, and improved the dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The optimized conditions resulted in 100% resin conversion efficiency of WTCs and 97.39% dechlorination efficiency of PVC. The interaction between decomposition products of WTCs and PVC produced a high level of benzoic acid.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingda Li, Jiaming Song, Yuting Li, Chaoying Meng, Shuxian Wang, Linghao Zong, Honggang Ye, Yishuai Jing, Feng Teng, Peng Hu, Haibo Fan, Guangde Chen, Xin Zhao
Summary: CdPS3 nanosheets, especially those exfoliated by sodium cholate, have shown highly efficient photocatalytic degradation performance. The strong dark adsorption and dye-sensitized photocatalytic properties of CdPS3 nanosheets contribute to high degradation efficiencies of various pollutants.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dongxu Ouyang, Yimei Pang, Bo Liu, Zhirong Wang
Summary: This study investigates the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion cells under tunnel conditions, considering different states of charge and tunnel ceilings. The results show that the tunnel visibility is affected by the smoke generated during thermal runaway, and the shape of the tunnel ceiling influences the temperature rise differently.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2024)