Article
Ecology
Changku Kang, Sehyeok Im, Won Young Lee, Yunji Choi, Devi Stuart-Fox, Blanca Huertas
Summary: The research found that the reflectance of European butterflies is correlated with climatic factors, particularly in terms of thermal adaptation, with more prominent variations in the near-infrared wavebands. The thermal environment also influences the difference in reflectance between the dorsal and ventral surfaces of butterflies, potentially due to the modulation between heating and cooling requirements.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anatoliy A. Nusinov, Tamara V. Kazachevskaya, Valeriya V. Katyushina
Summary: This paper discusses the importance of understanding and utilizing ultraviolet radiation fluxes from the Sun in modeling the upper atmosphere and ionospheres based on mathematical descriptions of physical processes. It presents aeronomic models of variations in extreme and far ultraviolet radiation, and compares the model calculations with observations to show the accuracy of the models in predicting parameters of the ionosphere and thermosphere.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marcelo de Paula Correa, Alexandre Germano Marciano, Vanessa Silveira Barreto Carvalho, Plinio Marcos Bernardo de Souza, Julia da Silveira Carvalho Ripper, Daniel Roy, Lionel Breton, Rodrigo De Vecchi
Summary: This study aimed to quantify human exposure to environmental factors during routine daily activities and investigate the relationship between environmental factors and skin health. The study found that in most areas of Brazilian cities, people may be exposed to environmental factors such as UV radiation, temperature, and humidity, which could lead to skin damage.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Alex R. Gunderson, Eric A. Riddell, Michael W. Sears, Erica Bree Rosenblum
Summary: The multi-functionality of traits complicates our understanding of selective pressures in trait evolution. In the study of White Sands lizards, coloration is found to be influenced by predation and also affects thermal consequences and activity patterns. The balance of substrate matching benefits and costs may prevent the evolution of optimal crypsis.
AMERICAN NATURALIST
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Adam Pepi, William Hemstrom, Audrey Dang, Claire Beck, Fiona Beyerle
Summary: In Lepidoptera, wing melanism is proposed to increase solar thermal gain and has been associated with colder areas. However, this study found that wing melanism in the Ranchman's tiger moth is positively associated with temperature during the flight season, negatively associated with humidity, and weakly positively associated with insolation. Genetic analyses showed that melanism is hereditary but not closely linked to population differentiation. These findings suggest that humidity and protection against ultraviolet radiation may be overlooked drivers of wing melanism variation.
BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Aziza Hannouch, Charbel Habchi, Najib Metni, Thierry Lemenand
Summary: In this study, a new type of thermal manikin representing a preterm neonate was built using 3D printing technique. The control of surface temperature and the performance in different scenarios were investigated. The obtained results showed agreement with previous studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Jiale Chai, Jintu Fan
Summary: This article reviews materials with the function of solar and thermal radiation modulation (STRMMs) in three categories: solar radiation modulation, thermal radiation modulation, and synergetic solar and thermal radiation modulation. It compares and elaborates their working principles, representative examples, potential applications, and future perspectives.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Vinicius de Franca Carvalho Fonseca, Eric de Andrade Culhari, Gustavo Andre Bernado Moura, Sheila Tavares Nascimento, Hugo Maia Milan, Marcos Chiquitelli Neto, Alex Sandro Campos Maia
Summary: The use of solar panels as shade for animals provides multiple benefits, including improved animal welfare, renewable energy generation, and animal production. This study examined the effects of solar panel shade on heat stress indicators in sheep and found that it efficiently reduced heat load in the animals.
APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Optics
Artur R. Davoyan, Jeremy N. Munday, Nelson Tabiryan, Grover A. Swartzlander, Les Johnson
Summary: Solar sails hold great promise for space exploration, enabling novel science missions beyond the reach of current propulsion technology. However, they face challenges in optical materials and photonic designs. A technology development roadmap is outlined to guide researchers in pioneering the space faring future.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jessica Bouwmeester, Jonathan Daly, Nikolas Zuchowicz, Claire Lager, E. Michael Henley, Mariko Quinn, Mary Hagedorn
Summary: Coral reefs worldwide are under threat from climate change, which leads to an increase in coral bleaching. Even the surviving corals can experience temporary reproductive failure for several years. We conducted long-term experiments in aquaria to study the impact of temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the spawning patterns and reproductive physiology of the Hawaiian mushroom coral Lobactis scutaria. The results showed that warmer temperatures and filtering UVR altered the timing of spawning, warmer temperatures caused a drop in fertilisation success, and warmer temperatures and higher PAR negatively affected sperm and egg physiology. These findings highlight the urgent need for similar reproductive data to predict future trends in other coral species and emphasize the importance of addressing thermal stress from climate change to ensure the survival of reef-building corals.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Severino Guilherme Caetano Goncalves dos Santos, Edilson Paes Saraiva, Severino Gonzaga Neto, Maria Isabelly Leite Maia, Angela M. Lees, Verassamy Sejian, Alex Sandro Campos Maia, Geovergue Rodrigues de Medeiros, Vinicius de Franca Carvalho Fonseca
Summary: This review examines the physical attributes of heat tolerance, thermal equilibrium, and thermal stress thresholds for dairy cows in tropical environments. It introduces the Index of Thermal Stress for Cows (ITSC) and Index for the time spent in shade (ITS) as predictive measures for cow thermoregulation. Dark-colored cows in tropical pastures can absorb a significant amount of thermal radiation, necessitating high levels of evaporative water loss to prevent increases in body temperature.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Bing Yang, Hui Li, Yang Sun, Hengji Zhang, Jiawen Liu, Jie Yang, Xue Zhang
Summary: Thermal oxidation, ultraviolet radiation, and water all have significant impacts on asphalt pavement aging, which in turn leads to more serious emissions into aqueous environments. This study used four aging methods to conduct comprehensive aging tests on asphalt binders, evaluating their rheological, chemical, adhesive, surface evolution properties, as well as their environmental impact. The results showed that the aging degree increased under all four aging methods, resulting in increased modulus, decreased phase angle, higher presence of oxygenated chemicals and asphaltenes, and increased water sensitivity. Thermal oxidation and ultraviolet radiation had the most significant acceleration effect on aging. Water, while weakening the aging acceleration effect of UV radiation, led to crack propagation, rougher surface, and increased damage to the asphalt binder. Additionally, the biotoxicity of the leaching solution from aged asphalt was found to decrease significantly with decreasing concentration.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yun Zhang, Kaidi Li, Qichao Zhou, Le Chen, Xuan Yang, Hucai Zhang
Summary: The study found that the response of phytoplankton to ultraviolet radiation largely depends on nutrient availability, with no significant responses in oligotrophic raw water but positive responses in nutrient enrichment. Additionally, different phytoplankton taxa exhibit varied responses to UV radiation, with chlorophytes and dinoflagellates showing positive responses, chrysophytes being sensitive, diatoms showing no significant response, and cyanobacteria's response being nutrient-dependent.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Satoshi Ishii, David Hernandez-Pinilla, Nicholaus K. Tanjaya, Tadaaki Nagao
Summary: Passive radiative cooling during the day can be achieved with highly reflective sunlight and thermal radiation in the mid-infrared region. In this study, the low ultraviolet reflectance of a silver film is compensated by combining it with a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) made of silica and tantalum dioxide multilayers. The samples exhibited high solar reflectance (0.987) and thermal emittance (0.852), and the addition of a polymer improved the thermal emittance (0.926) with a slight decrease in solar reflectance (0.007). Outdoor measurements confirmed the radiative cooling performance of the samples in summer.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Elena G. Kupriyanova, Tatyana Kaltman, Alexey A. Kuznetsov
Summary: This study investigates the modulation of microwave emission intensity from a flaring loop by a standing linear sausage fast magnetoacoustic wave. The results show that the microwave response to the linear sausage wave is highly non-linear, and the degree of nonlinearity depends on the combination of the source width and viewing angle, as well as the optically thick and thin parts of the microwave spectrum.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
Devi Stuart-Fox
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Aphrodite Kantsa, Jair E. Garcia, Robert A. Raguso, Adrian G. Dyer, Ronny Steen, Thomas Tscheulin, Theodora Petanidou
Summary: Capparis spinosa is a plant with nocturnal floral habit and high visitation by diurnal bees but scarce visitation by hawkmoths. The intrafloral sensory stimuli suggest strong historical selection by hawkmoths on C. spinosa, and the floral display seems maladaptive in its habitat.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2023)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Natalie J. Briscoe, Shane D. Morris, Paul D. Mathewson, Lauren B. Buckley, Marko Jusup, Ofir Levy, Ilya M. D. Maclean, Sylvain Pincebourde, Eric A. Riddell, Jessica A. Roberts, Rafael Schouten, Michael W. Sears, Michael Ray Kearney
Summary: A core challenge in global change biology is to predict and manage species responses to future environmental change. Biophysical ecology models can accurately characterize how organisms experience their environments and respond, but their widespread application is still limited. Greater understanding and training in biophysical ecology theory and methods is vital to expand their use and potential.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Lu-Yi Wang, Amanda M. Franklin, Andrew F. Hugall, Iliana Medina, Devi Stuart-Fox
Summary: To predict future colour-climate relationships, it is important to differentiate thermal drivers of reflectance from other evolutionary drivers. This study compares the relationships between climate and coloration in UV-Vis and NIR light separately.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Correction
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Malika Nisal Ratnayake, Don Chathurika Amarathunga, Asaduz Zaman, Adrian G. Dyer, Alan Dorin
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Malika Nisal Ratnayake, Don Chathurika Amarathunga, Asaduz Zaman, Adrian G. Dyer, Alan Dorin
Summary: Insects are crucial pollinators for crops and natural ecosystems. Computer vision aided pollinator monitoring can enhance data collection, leading to better understanding and prediction of pollination efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Michael R. Kearney, Urtzi Enriquez-Urzelai
Summary: Eggs are sensitive to thermal and hydric conditions and cannot avoid stressful environments. A model integrating microclimatic predictions with heat and water exchange models has been developed using NicheMapR package. The framework allows the computation of metabolic heat production and mass exchange dynamics. It has been tested using laboratory and field data on reptiles, insects, and birds and can provide insights into egg development under environmental change.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Daniela Scaccabarozzi, Klaus Lunau, Lorenzo Guzzetti, Salvatore Cozzolino, Adrian G. Dyer, Nicola Tommasi, Paolo Biella, Andrea Galimberti, Massimo Labra, Ilaria Bruni, Giorgio Pattarini, Mark Brundrett, Monica Gagliano
Summary: The Australian orchid Diuris brumalis attracts bee pollinators by mimicking the UV reflecting patterns of its model, the rewarding pea plant Daviesia decurrens. The visual stimuli of the orchid, which emphasize the floral UV signaling, have a greater impact on pollinators' visitation at an optimal distance from the model. This study reveals the functional role of salient UV flower signaling in visual floral mimicry and its ability to mediate plant pollinia removal at larger spatial scales.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Md Anwar Hossain, Jose J. Lahoz-Monfort, Michael R. Kearney
Summary: The baseline distribution data of grasshoppers in Australia, obtained through extensive surveys conducted over 54 years, provides valuable insights into their historic patterns of species richness, population trends, and extinction. The data, digitized from field notebooks and geocoded using historic maps and Google Earth, revealed spatial variation in species richness, with higher richness in arid interior and northwestern regions. The surveys were non-randomly distributed, with higher intensity along coastal areas. Despite variations among surveyors, this dataset is one of the most comprehensive continent-wide surveys of Australian invertebrates, assisting future research on their ecology, biogeography, conservation, and responses to environmental change.
AUSTRAL ENTOMOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael R. Kearney, Marko Jusup
Summary: The model used by White et al. to study metabolic scaling and life-history optimization lacks the ability to capture actual combinations of growth and reproduction, including those observed in domestic chickens. The interpretation and analysis of the study may change significantly when using more realistic parameters. Further exploration and justification of the model's biological and thermodynamic realism are needed before applying it to life-history optimization studies.
Article
Ecology
Abigail V. Meyer, Yutaro Sakairi, Michael R. Kearney, Lauren B. Buckley
Summary: Most ecological analyses and forecasts are based on weather station data or coarse interpolated, gridded air temperature data, but these may not accurately capture fine-scale spatial and temporal environmental variations that affect organisms' microclimates. New sources of data with higher resolution are emerging, offering the potential to revolutionize our understanding of microclimate variability and its ecological implications. We reviewed and evaluated available data on the quality of input environmental data, the capability of algorithms to capture microclimatic processes, and the best ways to access microclimatic data.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Adrian G. Dyer, Scarlett R. Howard
Summary: Understanding and assessing the capacity for learning, memory, and cognition in non-model organisms is a growing field. In this study, the researchers evaluated the effect of different conditioning methods on visual learning in the European wasp. They found that the wasps were best able to learn to discriminate between similar colors when trained with appetitive-aversive differential conditioning.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Shannon R. Conradie, Michael R. Kearney, Blair O. Wolf, Susan J. Cunningham, Marc T. Freeman, Ryno Kemp, Andrew E. McKechnie
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of a biophysical model in predicting water loss, metabolic rate, and thermoregulatory responses of arid-zone birds. The results showed that the model accurately predicted these variables and captured the adaptive responses to hot weather.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Devi Stuart-Fox, Leslie Ng, Mark A. Elgar, Katja Holtta-Otto, Gerd E. Schroder-Turk, Nicolas H. Voelcker, Gregory S. Watson
Summary: Nature offers abundant inspiration for advanced materials, thanks to evolutionary innovations accumulated over millions of years. To make the most of these biological solutions, a holistic understanding of multifunctional biological systems and leveraging nature's defining feature - diversity - is necessary.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2023)
