Review
Environmental Sciences
Torbjorn Gundersen, Donya Alinejad, T. Y. Branch, Bobby Duffy, Kirstie Hewlett, Cathrine Holst, Susan Owens, Folco Panizza, Silje Maria Tellmann, Jose van Dijck, Maria Baghramian
Summary: This review examines the alleged crisis of trust in environmental science by focusing on themes such as the trustworthiness of environmental science, levels of trust and trust formation, social media and disinformation, trust in environmental governance and democracy, and the co-production of knowledge and trust. The findings show signs of both distrust and trust in environmental science.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claude Doumet-Serhal, Stefanos Gimatzidis, Bernhard Weninger, Constance von Rueden, Karin Kopetzky
Summary: The construction of the Iron Age Mediterranean chronology has been based on historical evidence and radiocarbon analysis, and recent evidence from the Aegean and the western Mediterranean has contributed to its acceptance as an authoritative historiographic network. The archaeological data and radiocarbon analysis from Sidon, Lebanon have provided a large and robust dataset that has improved the Mediterranean chronology by synchronizing pottery styles and allowing wider geographic correlation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenge Xiao, Endale T. Basore, Guojun Zheng, Xiaofeng Liu, Beibei Xu, Jianrong Qiu
Summary: The concentration quenching phenomenon is intrinsically suppressed in sensitized luminescent systems by exploiting the competitive relationship between light emitters and quenchers in trapping excitation energies from sensitizers, unlocking the full potential of sensitization strategy in enhancing photoexcitation efficiency of doped luminescent materials and providing a new approach to achieve high-purity sensitized luminescence. The highly bright luminescence of Cr3+-Ln3+ systems is demonstrated in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) range employing high concentrations of Cr3+, achieving a record photoelectric efficiency of 23% for SWIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes, which is about twice as high as those previously reported.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tao Wang, Abhishek Kumar Gupta, Sen Wu, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, Eli Zysman-Colman
Summary: We discovered a general design principle for materials that exhibit multiple room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) processes. By modulating the hybridization between donor and acceptor groups, we achieved multiple RTP processes in sp3 C-linked donor-acceptor compounds. However, in sp2 C-linked counterparts, only one locally excited triplet state phosphorescence was observed due to enhanced excitonic coupling. Our findings provide insights into the dynamics of higher-lying triplet excited states and offer a fundamental design principle for compounds with multiple RTP.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nikos Papadopoulos
Summary: This study explores the use of multicomponent geophysical techniques in revealing submerged antiquities in shallow coastal marine environments in the eastern Mediterranean, demonstrating their efficiency and potential in archaeological detection. The results highlight the significance of these methods in understanding complex archaeological sites.
Review
Anthropology
Sarah C. Murray
Summary: This paper reviews the methodologies and empirical developments in the study of trade in the Bronze Age Mediterranean, focusing on the Late Bronze Age. The complexity of the evidence presents challenges in interpretation, and different schools of thought exist regarding the best methods and approaches for studying economic exchange through archaeological remains. Recent insights have focused on the sources and destinations of metal resources, as well as the distribution of ceramic containers and their contents. New areas of emphasis, such as the roles of merchants and traders, have also emerged. The difficulty in relating artifacts to commercial exchange due to the diversity of human and material mobilities apparent in the archaeological record is highlighted.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ze Li, Qingzhang You, Hui Wang, Lisheng Zhang, Duan Zhang, Shangtong Jia, Yan Fang, Peijie Wang
Summary: In this study, a plasmonic nanowire dimer (NWD) system was constructed to enhance the light emission of surface defects of silicon off the hot spot on the submicron scale. The NWD can trap light through the plasmonic gap and efficiently radiate light by coupling with the dipole gap plasmonic mode. The photoluminescence emission was significantly enhanced by up to 126 folds through the coupling of dipole plasmonic mode with the emitters.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Catalina Mena, Rosa Balbin, Patricia Reglero, Melissa Martin, Rocio Santiago, Eva Sintes
Summary: Research on deep ocean prokaryotic communities in the western Mediterranean Sea reveals a common depth stratification pattern, but drastic changes in community composition and diversity occur at specific water masses or throughout the aphotic zone and at a basin scale. This highlights the importance of monitoring the temporal patterns of dark ocean prokaryotic communities for understanding ecosystem metabolism and carbon fluxes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Haruo Yasuda, Shiu-Hang Lee, Keiichi Maeda
Summary: Supernova remnants play important roles in studying supernova explosion mechanisms, progenitor stars, and cosmic-ray acceleration. The nonthermal emission from SNRs reveals the structure of their surrounding circumstellar media and sheds light on the mass-loss history of massive stars. Research indicates that the majority of Type II SNRs are too faint to be detected, explaining the lower number of known Galactic SNRs compared to expectations.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Mengyao Su, Zhimin Wang, Jiatao Zhang
Summary: Precisely regulating temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential ion channels (Thermo-TRPs) is crucial for understanding their biochemical effects and potential therapeutic applications. Current strategies, such as chemical perturbation and genetic engineering, face challenges in terms of invasiveness and low spatiotemporal resolution. The emerging optical control technology, utilizing near-infrared (NIR) photothermal nanomaterials, shows promise for noninvasive and deep-tissue operation of Thermo-TRPs. This review focuses on the recent developments in NIR photothermal nanotransducers for precise modulation of Thermo-TRPs, including biological classification, gating mechanisms, and neuronal activation.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Qilu Zhao, Junyu Dong, Hui Yu, Sheng Chen
Summary: This article proposes a knowledge distillation approach with two teachers for facial age estimation, leveraging ordinal knowledge and dark knowledge to improve the performance of a compact student model. Extensive experiments show the superior performance of the proposed method over existing state-of-the-art methods in age estimation tasks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patrick Schmidt, Tabea J. Koch, Edmund February
Summary: Studying earliest archaeological adhesives provides insights into human cognition. The oldest adhesives recorded in southern Africa were made by Homo sapiens during the Middle Stone Age. However, the production method of these adhesives remains unknown. This study explores the production of adhesives from a local conifer and finds that the use of Podocarpus tar requires innovation and skill. The preference for Podocarpus tar may be attributed to its superior adhesive properties, which can be accidentally discovered through above-ground processes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongchang Wang, Kawal Sawhney
Summary: Researchers have successfully generated omnidirectional differential phase images using X-ray differential phase contrast imaging, providing more information for studying complex samples and enabling simultaneous extraction of omnidirectional dark-field images to study ordered scattering structures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongchang Wang, Kawal Sawhney
Summary: This article introduces a method for generating omnidirectional differential phase images by scanning a randomly structured modulator, which provides more information than traditional imaging methods and allows the simultaneous extraction of omnidirectional dark-field images for studying strongly ordered scattering structures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
M. Vohnik
Summary: A study from Sicily revealed the presence of a dark septate endophytic (DSE) association in the roots of Posidonia oceanica, with Posidoniomyces atricolor responsible for the colonization. This research expands the known range of Pos. atricolor and the DSE association characteristic for P. oceanica to the southern Tyrrhenian Sea/Sicily. Additionally, the study found a connection between lulworthioid fungi and P. oceanica roots, but their significance and functioning remain unknown.