Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xiaolong Li, Xiaoqian Zhang, Yandong Luo, Ru Liu, Yan Sun, Shuhong Zhao, Mei Yu, Jianhua Cao
Summary: The study found large fragments of insertions and deletions in the genome of 3D4/21 cells, which may lead to abnormal gene function. Compared with porcine primary alveolar macrophages, there were genes that lost transcription and genes that gained transcription in 3D4/21 cells. These findings provide a basis for understanding the genome structure and functional variation in 3D4/21 cells.
Article
Immunology
Jing Yang, Zhengming He, Chengjie Chen, Senyang Li, Jiahui Qian, Junlong Zhao, Rui Fang
Summary: The study identified and quantified 1,286 Kcr sites distributed in 414 proteins in porcine alveolar macrophages, demonstrating the presence of crotonylation. Histones were found to be downregulated in macrophages infected with T. gondii, with HDAC2 potentially playing a role in histone Kcr after parasite infection. T. gondii infection inhibited crotonylation of H2B at K12, resulting in suppression of epigenetic regulation and NF-kappa B activation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jing Zhang, Qingbo Zhao, Zhihui Xue, Siyi Zhang, Zeyu Ren, Shaokui Chen, Ao Zhou, Hongbo Chen, Yulan Liu
Summary: This study reveals the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in porcine macrophage cell apoptosis induced by Deoxynivalenol (DON). DON exposure leads to upregulation of ER stress-related genes and activates the IRE1/JNK/CHOP pathway, resulting in cellular apoptosis. The ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) alleviates DON-induced ER stress and apoptosis.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chao-Hui Dai, Zhong-Cheng Gao, Jin-Hua Cheng, Li Yang, Zheng-Chang Wu, Sheng-Long Wu, Wen-Bin Bao
Summary: This study revealed the expression profiles of miRNAs, mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in porcine alveolar macrophage cells infected with H1N1 and H3N2 swine influenza viruses. Two ceRNAs, TCONS_00166432-miR10391-MAN2A1 and novel_circ_0004733-miR10391-MAN2A1, were identified to regulate H1N1 and H3N2 infections. The study provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of 3D4/21 cells against swine influenza virus infection by reporting the ceRNA networks involved in the regulation of H1N1 and H3N2 infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Trevon Swain, Chris Chavez, Michael J. Myers
Summary: Provides new evidence on the roles and predicted targets of miR-146a, let-7a, and miR-22-3p in swine.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jiuyi Li, Eric R. Sang, Oluwaseun Adeyemi, Laura C. Miller, Yongming Sang
Summary: This study used a whole transcriptome procedure to analyze the small RNA transcriptome and differential microRNA responses in porcine alveolar macrophages during viral infection and interferon stimulation. The results showed that interferon-mediated antiviral activity is subtype-dependent. The study identified key microRNA families involved in antiviral regulation and provided important insights into the antiviral response in pigs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Raquel Vallejo, Julio Benavides, Noive Arteche-Villasol, Mercedes Fernandez-Escobar, Maria Del Carmen Ferreras, Valentin Perez, Daniel Gutierrez-Exposito
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different genetic variants of T. gondii isolates on ovine monocyte-derived macrophages. The results showed that type III isolates had a higher internalization/infection rate and induced more pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th1 immune response. These findings suggest significant differences in the parasite-macrophage relationship between different genotypes.
Article
Immunology
Min Chen, Pei Yang, Zixuan Xin, Jiating Chen, Weihao Zou, Lijuan Zhou, Lili Yang, Jiao Peng, Hongjuan Peng
Summary: Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogen causing toxoplasmosis and has similarities with immunotherapy for cancers. The knockout of GRA5 gene in T. gondii resulted in an avirulent strain that stimulated immune responses. ME49 & UDelta;gra5 vaccination provided protection against T. gondii infection and breast cancer by boosting anti-tumor responses. The vaccine upregulated Th1 cytokines and tumor-infiltrating T cells, and increased the number of immune cells in the spleen.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Benjamin Hamid, Josephine Schlosser-Brandenburg, Lalita Bechtold, Friederike Ebner, Sebastian Rausch, Susanne Hartmann
Summary: This study examined the early immune response initiation after exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in pigs, revealing that porcine CD3-NKp46+ cells serve as important IL-12 producers following TLR ligation, while IL-18 likely plays a prominent role in early immune response initiation in pigs after T. gondii infection.
Review
Immunology
Ragab M. Fereig, Mosaab A. Omar, Abdullah F. Alsayeqh
Summary: Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are important protozoan diseases worldwide, and controlling these diseases is currently challenging. Understanding host-parasite interactions and host strategies to combat infections can aid in developing effective control measures, including vaccines. Macrophages and the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) play a crucial role in successful vaccine candidates. However, identifying potential vaccine candidates is a time-consuming process.
Article
Microbiology
Kai Dong, Ziyang Jiang, Jianhui Zhang, Hanxiao Qin, Jianping Chen, Qiwei Chen
Summary: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can infect various warm-blooded animals, including humans, and it has the ability to evade immune response. This study aimed to examine the role of SIRT1 in T. gondii infection of macrophages and found that inhibiting SIRT1 can reduce the number of intracellular parasites, potentially through upregulation of IRGM1 and activation of autophagy.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Talita Motta Quiarim, Marta Marques Maia, Allecineia Bispo da Cruz, Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki, Gislene Mitsue Namiyama, Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola
Summary: This study investigated the role of Toxoplasma gondii derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in host-parasite interactions. The findings suggest that EVs play a significant role in modulating host immune responses, carrying virulent factors, and causing an imbalance in cellular immune response. EVs from different T. gondii strains showed varying effects on host immune responses, with RH strain-derived EVs stimulating more TNF-alpha production compared to other strains.
Article
Oncology
Shilan Zhu, Jinmiao Lu, Zhibing Lin, Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid, Xiaoyu Chen, Tingting Zhuang, Haiyan Gong, Rongsheng Mi, Yan Huang, Zhaoguo Chen, Guoqing Li
Summary: This study reveals that exosomes derived from dendritic cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii inhibit macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype and regulate SOCS1 expression through the delivery of functional miR-155-5p. These findings provide new insights for colorectal cancer immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Iti Saraav, Luisa Cervantes-Barragan, Philipp Olias, Yong Fu, Qiuling Wang, Leran Wang, Yi Wang, Matthias Mack, Megan T. Baldridge, Thaddeus Stappenbeck, Marco Colonna, L. David Sibley
Summary: Oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii exacerbates damage to the colon caused by chemical irritant and impairs wound healing by suppressing stem cell regeneration. Enhanced tissue damage is due to inflammatory monocytes releasing inflammatory mediators.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kayla L. Menard, Lijing Bu, Eric Y. Denkers
Summary: The study identified differential gene expression in host cells infected with highly virulent RH strain versus less virulent PTG strain, with more immune response-related genes being upregulated in response to RH strain. Additionally, non-coding RNAs showed differential expression between infection with RH and PTG strains. The results provide insights into the immune response mechanisms and the role of long noncoding RNAs during Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Article
Parasitology
Senyang Li, Bin He, Chenghang Yang, Jing Yang, Lixia Wang, Xi Duan, Xiaokun Deng, Junlong Zhao, Rui Fang
Article
Microbiology
Senyang Li, Jiahui Qian, Ming Xu, Jing Yang, Zhengming He, Tongjie Zhao, Junlong Zhao, Rui Fang
Summary: In this study, the researchers identified an ATP/ADP transporter in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of T.gondii and demonstrated its crucial role in the development and invasion of the parasite. They found that the deletion of TgANT disrupted ATP supply in the ER, leading to fatal defects in T.gondii. Furthermore, their research revealed a new mechanism for the growth regulation of T.gondii.