Non-simultaneous impact of multiple droplets on liquid film

Multi-droplet impinging on a thin liquid film non-simultaneously is studied using a three-dimensional numerical model incorporating a random disturbance subjected to Gaussian distribution. Subsequent droplet encountering upward-rising liquid sheets induced by leading droplets results in bubble entrainment with great bubble size. A liquid vortex in the vicinity of entrained bubble is observed. Many capillary waves are produced on the liquid sheet enclosing entrained bubble prior to its breakup, with high pressure beneath crests but low pressure beneath troughs. The criterion devised purposely for a liquid jet breakup can be used to estimate the breakup of enclosed liquid sheet.