Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Surbhi, Gabor Wittmann, Malcolm J. Low, Ronald M. Lechan
Summary: The study showed that Rax(+) progenitors can generate POMC neurons in adult mice, leading to reduced body fat mass, improved glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased bodyweight, mitigating metabolic abnormalities.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ebrahim Samodien, Nireshni Chellan
Summary: Obesity and anxiety are public health problems with no effective cure, and are related to each other with unclear mechanisms. The hypothalamus and hippocampus play vital roles in neurogenesis and understanding these disorders. Interventional therapies can affect neurogenesis in these areas, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for obesity and anxiety.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexander Jais, Jens C. Bruning
Summary: The central nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and regulating various physiological functions through the ARC. Energy state-sensing neurons in the ARC are master regulators that control feeding, glucose homeostasis, and other physiological responses based on the organism's energy status.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eduardo Natan Muraro, Bruno Marques Sbardelotto, Zoe Maria Guareschi, Wellington de Almeida, Adriana Souza dos Santos, Sabrina Grassiolli, Ligia Aline Centenaro
Summary: In response to the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents, this study proposed early and combined treatments to restore brain areas associated with satiety. The findings suggest that the combined use of vitamin D supplementation and aerobic exercise can effectively restore brain nuclei involved in the control of food intake, improving the treatment of obesity.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marilena Marraudino, Beatriz Carrillo, Brigitta Bonaldo, Ricardo Llorente, Elia Campioli, Iciar Garate, Helena Pinos, Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura, Paloma Collado, Daniela Grassi
Summary: The study evaluated the distribution of GPER in the rat hypothalamus, showing that GPER immunoreactivity is expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, with differences observed in different sexes, regions, and stages of the estrous cycle in females.
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
D. J. Innes, N. J. Hudson, S. T. Anderson, D. P. Poppi, S. P. Quigley
Summary: A reduction in voluntary feed intake is observed in ruminants consuming nutrient-deficient diets, such as those with a low CP or P content, and has been attributed to active metabolic regulation, rather than a physical constraint. The hypothalamus is the key integrator of feed intake regulation in mammals. The objectives of this experiment were to establish a model of metabolic feed intake regulation in ruminants consuming diets of variable CP and P content, and determine key biochemical pathways and influential points of regulation within the hypothalamus.
Review
Cell Biology
Alena Kalinina, Diane Lagace
Summary: The complexity of adult neurogenesis has been revealed through single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing studies, providing insights into cellular heterogeneity and diversity within the neurogenic lineages and stem cell niches. These studies in regions like the subventricular zone, dentate gyrus, and hypothalamus have expanded possibilities for future research.
Article
Biology
Wenyu Ding, Changjiang Zhang, Baisong Wang, Xin Zhou, Le Sun, Suijuan Zhong, Jing Liu, Junjing Zhang, Xiaoqun Wang, Qian Wu
Summary: The study reveals the crucial roles of the centrosomal protein Cenpj in neurogenesis, cerebral cortex development, and body weight regulation. Deletion of Cenpj leads to obesity in mice and affects hypothalamic cell proliferation, neuron number, and function, providing insights into the pathological mechanisms of related diseases.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Lina Sun, Weiwei Zhang, Ruiqi Ye, Lei Liu, Lili Jiang, Chao Xi
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of catalpol on exercise-mediated PTSD therapeutic effects, finding that it enhanced the reduction in response to dangerous cues, as well as the antidepressant and cognitive protection effects in mice. Through immunofluorescence, it was discovered that catalpol promoted exercise-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. Blocking neurogenesis compromised the effects of catalpol on exercise-induced improvements in environmental hyper-response, antidepressant effects, and cognitive protection. These findings suggest that hippocampal neurogenesis is crucial for catalpol to enhance exercise-mediated brain functional improvements in a PTSD model.
Article
Immunology
Soniya Xavier, Alita Soch, Simin Younesi, Sajida Malik, Sarah J. Spencer, Luba Sominsky
Summary: Maternal obesity and poor diet have been found to increase the risk of postpartum mood disorders. Experimental studies using a high-fat-high-sugar diet showed that it can lead to elevated levels of circulating cytokines, activated microglia, and altered neurogenesis, while a diet high in omega-3 PUFAs can mitigate these effects.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daisy Duan, Leen Wehbeh, Debraj Mukherjee, Amir H. Hamrahian, Fausto J. Rodriguez, Sachin Gujar, Adham M. Khalafallah, Camille Hage, Patrizio Caturegli, Gary L. Gallia, Rexford S. Ahima, Nisa M. Maruthur, Roberto Salvatori
Summary: In adult-onset craniopharyngioma (AOCP) patients, postoperative weight and BMI tend to increase, with a simultaneous rise in the obesity rate. Some patients experience significant weight gain after surgery, especially those with 3 or more hormonal deficiencies postoperatively.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Vahideh Zalouli, Hosnieh Rajavand, Mahdi Bayat, Jalil Khaleghnia, Fariborz Sharifianjazi, Farzad Jafarinazhad, Nima Beheshtizadeh
Summary: Physical exercise has positive effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and cognitive processes. The effects of anaerobic resistance training and high-intensity interval training on AHN are not clear. Individual genetic diversity may play a role in the response to exercise on AHN. Exercise can improve health on average, but the benefits may vary due to genetic differences. This review discusses the capability of AHN for peripheral nervous system regeneration and central nervous system control through physical exercise, as well as the genes and factors involved.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Maria G. Bilbao, Daniel Garrigos, Marta Martinez-Morga, Angel Toval, Yevheniy Kutsenko, Rosario Bautista, Alberto Barreda, Bruno Ribeiro Do-Couto, Luis Puelles, Jose Luis Ferran
Summary: In this study, a prosomeric immunohistochemical mapping of hypothalamic cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in rats was conducted. The results showed that TH-positive cells were predominantly located in the periventricular stratum of the paraventricular and subparaventricular alar domains, as well as in the acroterminal arcuate nucleus and the terminal periventricular stratum in the tuberal region. The prosomeric model proved useful for determining the precise location of TH-positive cells relative to morphogenetic signals and provided potential causal explanation for the specification of this hypothalamic cell type.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
John Ciriello, Jason M. Moreau, Monica M. Caverson, Rebecca Moranis
Summary: This study found that long-term exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia may be related to obesity and leptin resistance, leading to weight gain.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia Sun, Xinyuan Wang, Rui Sun, Xiaoao Xiao, Yu Wang, Yu Peng, Yuanqing Gao
Summary: The hypothalamus plays a critical role in metabolism and energy balance, and microglia, the immune cells in the brain, have been shown to influence neurodevelopment. This study investigated the role of microglia in the postnatal development of hypothalamic neural circuits and found that their depletion during a critical period increased the number and density of AgRP neurons, leading to increased neonatal feeding behavior. Mechanistically, microglia can engulf perineuronal net components, and their absence resulted in increased perineuronal net formation and enhanced leptin sensitivity in the hypothalamus.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anne S. Mallien, Christine Haeger, Rupert Palme, Steven R. Talbot, Miriam A. Vogt, Natascha Pfeiffer, Christiane Brandwein, Birgitta Struve, Dragos Inta, Sabine Chourbaji, Rainer Hellweg, Barbara Vollmayr, Andre Bleich, Peter Gass
LABORATORY ANIMALS
(2020)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Golo Kronenberg, Rainer Hellweg
Article
Neurosciences
Christopher D. Rowley, Nicholas A. Bock, Ralf Deichmann, Tobias Engeroff, Elke Hattingen, Rainer Hellweg, Ulrich Pilatus, Eszter Fuezeki, Sina Gerten, Lutz Vogt, Winfried Banzer, Johannes Pantel, Johannes Fleckenstein, Silke Matura
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sonani Mindt, Michael Neumaier, Rainer Hellweg, Alexander Sartorius, Laura Kranaster
Article
Neurosciences
Mira Tschorn, Stella Linnea Kuhlmann, Nina Rieckmann, Katja Beer, Laura Grosse, Volker Arolt, Johannes Waltenberger, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Jacqueline Muller-Nordhorn, Rainer Hellweg, Andreas Strohle
Summary: The study found that while depressed patients with CHD tended to have lower BDNF concentrations, this association was not statistically significant. Reduced BDNF levels may be linked to congestive heart failure, but there was no significant correlation with acute coronary syndrome patients.
ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Petra Wiedmer, Tobias Jung, Jose Pedro Castro, Laura C. D. Pomatto, Patrick Y. Sun, Kelvin J. A. Davies, Tilman Grune
Summary: Sarcopenia is a muscle-wasting syndrome characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength during normal aging. Patients with sarcopenia mainly suffer from loss of muscle strength, leading to mobility disorders, increased risk of morbidity, and mortality. Various molecular mechanisms, including hormone function, muscle fiber composition, and inflammatory pathways, have been identified as causes of sarcopenia.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Markus Petermann, Golo Kronenberg, Valentina Mosienko, Michael Bader, Natalia Alenina, Rainer Hellweg, Friederike Klempin
Summary: The study found that citalopram significantly increased the survival of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus of wild-type mice, without affecting BDNF protein levels. Tianeptine did not have a significant effect on adult neurogenesis in mice. Mice lacking brain serotonin showed consistently increased adult neurogenesis and higher BDNF protein levels.
PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bjoern H. Schott, Golo Kronenberg, Ulrike Schmidt, Henning P. Duesedau, Stefanie Ehrentraut, Olga Geisel, Oliver von Bohlen Und Halbach, Peter Gass, Ildiko Rita Dunay, Rainer Hellweg
Summary: Our study reveals that p75NTR signaling plays a role in regulating hippocampal BDNF levels, particularly under stress conditions. Furthermore, the p75NTR signaling modulates baseline Il6 expression in mice but has a lesser effect on stress-induced Il6 increase.
PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Golo Kronenberg, Karen Gertz, Johanna Schoener, Lars Bertram, Thomas Liman, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Ilja Demuth, Matthias Endres, Rainer Hellweg
Summary: The study found no significant effect of age, sex, body mass index, self-reported depression, or BDNF Val66Met variant on serum BDNF concentrations, but identified a positive correlation between platelet counts and BDNF levels. There was no significant relationship between Digit Symbol Substitution Test score and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease memory score with BDNF levels.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Stephanie Paula Elisabeth Guillery, Rainer Hellweg, Golo Kronenberg, Ulrich Bohr, Hagen Kunte, Soren Enge
Summary: Research on 248 opioid-dependent patients receiving different substitution treatments revealed significant differences in physical and psychological functioning among patients, indicating potential relevance for the therapy of opioid addiction.
EUROPEAN ADDICTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jana Krueger, Reyhan Izgi, Rainer Hellweg, Andreas Stroehle, Maria C. Jockers-Scheruebl
Summary: The study showed that therapy dogs can be used as a therapeutic tool to reduce symptoms of agitation in patients with dementia in a gerontopsychiatric ward. Results from the OASS assessment demonstrated a significant reduction in agitation levels when the dog was present.
DEMENTIA AND GERIATRIC COGNITIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Maria Sidorova, Golo Kronenberg, Susann Matthes, Markus Petermann, Rainer Hellweg, Oksana Tuchina, Michael Bader, Natalia Alenina, Friederike Klempin
Summary: The study utilized a new transgenic rat model to investigate the effects of changes in 5-HT levels, and found that alterations in 5-HT concentrations in different brain regions can trigger diverse physiological and behavioral responses, which may represent a compensatory mechanism.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Matthias Haucke, Sabrina Golde, Silvia Saft, Rainer Hellweg, Shuyan Liu, Stephan Heinzel
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of lockdown conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic on salivary cortisol levels, and whether loneliness and specific COVID-19 related stressors are associated with cortisol levels. The findings showed an increase in salivary cortisol levels during lockdown compared to no-lockdown, and lockdown conditions moderated the relationship between loneliness and cortisol levels.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie Paula Elisabeth Guillery, Sven Reiners, Marius Fahrner, Soeren Enge, Rainer Hellweg, Hagen Kunte, Golo Kronenberg
Summary: This study explores the process of switching from buprenorphine sublingual tablets (BUP-SL) to subcutaneous buprenorphine depot injection (BUP-XR) from a patient's perspective. The findings indicate that patients experienced worse physical well-being and lower treatment satisfaction in the first 4 weeks after the switch, but these conditions improved after 16 weeks. Moreover, patients reported more frequent illicit drug co-use, worse physical well-being, lower treatment satisfaction, and increased craving experience in the first 4 weeks after the switch compared to BUP-SL treatment. Patients using BUP-XR for 16 weeks reported more illicit drug co-use and lower treatment satisfaction compared to BUP-SL users. The study reveals connections between therapy dissatisfaction, physical discomfort, experienced craving, and drug co-consumption.
Article
Psychiatry
Benedikt Alexander Kramer, Anna Jaehn, Thea Marianne Gruetzner, Natalie Sarah Hess, Amanda Bellanti, Lena Listunova, Rainer Hellweg, Matthias Weisbrod, Daniela Roesch Ely
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The results showed that strenuous activity significantly increased serum BDNF levels in MDD patients.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.