Article
Neurosciences
Volodymyr Krotov, Kirill Agashkov, Sergii Romanenko, Oleh Halaidych, Yaroslav Andrianov, Boris V. V. Safronov, Pavel Belan, Nana Voitenko
Summary: Although our understanding of how afferent-driven presynaptic inhibition shapes peripheral input to nociceptive neurons is limited, this study examined this effect on primary afferent input to spinal neurons in two nociceptive-processing regions. The results showed that attenuation of presynaptic inhibition resulted in the appearance of new mono- and polysynaptic excitatory postsynaptic current components. These mechanisms are important for shaping primary afferent input to neurons in the spinal nociceptive-processing network.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mitsuharu Midorikawa, Mariko Miyata
Summary: This study revealed that in the maturation of neuronal circuits in the brain, necessary synapses enlarge the number of releasable vesicles and establish an experience-dependent coupling of calcium channels and fast-releasing synaptic vesicles, while the transmitter release mechanisms of synapses fated for elimination do not mature regardless of sensory experience.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biology
Nobuhiro Yamagata, Takahiro Ezaki, Takahiro Takahashi, Hongyang Wu, Hiromu Tanimoto
Summary: Regulation of reward signaling in the brain is crucial for appropriate judgement of the environment and self. In Drosophila, inhibitory input to the presynaptic terminals of dopamine neurons mediate reward signals and control memory specificity. The disruption of GABA signaling reduces memory specificity and causes optimistic cognitive bias.
Article
Neurosciences
Justin Riddle, Morgan L. Alexander, Crystal Edler Schiller, David R. Rubinow, Flavio Frohlich
Summary: The prefrontal cortex controls sensory and motor systems through cross-frequency coupling. This study investigates whether these signals are involved in reward-based decision-making and whether this dynamic network configuration is changed in major depressive episodes. The results show that the amplitude of frontal-midline theta oscillations is highest in participants with the highest reward-evaluation. Additionally, the coupling between frontal theta phase and parieto-occipital gamma amplitude is positively correlated with reward-evaluation. Moreover, goal-directed behavior is positively correlated with coupling between frontal delta phase and motor beta amplitude. Finally, mood symptoms positively correlate with reward-evaluation, while motivation symptoms negatively correlate with goal-directed behavior. These findings indicate that different modes of prefrontal top-down control are involved in different aspects of reward-based decision-making and are modulated in different symptom dimensions of depression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cornelia Ablinger, Clarissa Eibl, Stefanie M. Geisler, Marta Campiglio, Gary J. Stephens, Markus Missler, Gerald J. Obermair
Summary: This study identifies alpha(2)delta-4 and Cachd1 as presynaptic regulators of synapse formation, differentiation, and calcium channel functions that can partially compensate for the loss of alpha(2)delta-1-3. Moreover, it shows that regulating glutamatergic synapse formation and differentiation is a critical and surprisingly redundant function of alpha(2)delta and Cachd1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Baris Alten, Natalie J. Guzikowski, Zack Zurawski, Heidi E. Hamm, Ege T. Kavalali
Summary: Inhibition of neurotransmitter release plays a fundamental role in neuromodulation, but the mechanisms underlying inhibition of spontaneous release are still unclear. This study investigates the inhibition of spontaneous glutamate and GABA release by GABA(B) receptors and reveals that the inhibition relies on G beta gamma subunit action at the membrane, with different mechanisms for glutamate and GABA release.
Article
Optics
Cooper Doyle, Wei-Wei Zhang, Michelle Wang, Bryn A. Bell, Stephen D. Bartlett, Andrea Blanco-Redondo
Summary: In this study, we achieved entanglement between different topological spatial modes in a bipartite array of silicon waveguides, demonstrating topology as an additional degree of freedom for entanglement and opening new avenues for investigating information teleportation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Maximilian Ochs, Luka Zurak, Enno Krauss, Jessica Meier, Monika Emmerling, Rene Kullock, Bert Hecht
Summary: This study demonstrates the selective electrical excitation of symmetric and antisymmetric plasmonic modes in a two-wire transmission line. Mode selectivity is achieved by precisely positioning nanoscale excitation sources. The resulting device represents the smallest electrically driven light source with directly switchable polarization states.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jonathon D. Walsh, Juan Wang, Molly DeHart, Inna A. Nikonorova, Jagan Srinivasan, Maureen M. Barr
Summary: The cilium acts as an antenna for signal reception and transmission, with the polycystins LOV-1 and PKD-2 playing a role in both cilia and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The study reveals that LOV-1 and PKD-2 function together and independently in ciliary EVs, providing insights into cargo selection and packaging.
Article
Neurosciences
Domenico Azarnia Tehran, Tanja Maritzen
Summary: Neuronal communication relies on the fusion and reformation of synaptic vesicles, with studies showing that non-clathrin-mediated endocytic mechanisms play a predominant role in the presynapse.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jenna Nagy, Briana Ebbinghaus, Mrinalini Hoon, Raunak Sinha
Summary: By selectively eliminating GABA(A) inhibitory receptors from certain bipolar cells in the mouse retina, the study found that presynaptic inhibition plays a crucial role in the sensitivity and kinetics of light-evoked responses from ON alpha ganglion cells.
Article
Microbiology
Minglei Ren, Jianjun Wang
Summary: The study found that only 5.05% of bacterial phylotypes in 753 treehole communities accounted for a large proportion of relative abundance and were significantly related to distinct ecosystem functions, highlighting the key role of a handful of microbial species in determining and anticipating different ecosystem functions.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazuhiro Shimo, Sho Ogawa, Yuto Niwa, Yuji Tokiwa, Ayaka Dokita, Sho Kato, Takafumi Hattori, Takako Matsubara
Summary: The study investigates the threshold changes of different nerve fibers (A beta, A delta, and C) due to somatosensory stimulation. Non-noxious stimulation showed a significant increase only in A beta fibers, while noxious stimulation increased pain thresholds in both A delta and C fibers and sensory thresholds in A beta fibers. These findings suggest that nociceptive inputs selectively suppress nociceptive stimuli.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Aliasghar Sepehri, Binod Nepal, Themis Lazaridis
Summary: Research shows that the structure and stability of pores formed by islet amyloid polypeptide in cell membranes are related to its configuration and helical structure, which may result in inconsistent results observed in different experiments.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthias Kohler, Fredrik Bengtsson, Philipp Stratmann, Florian Roehrbein, Alois Knoll, Alin Albu-Schaeffer, Henrik Joerntell
Summary: By exploring the connectivity of spinal interneurons, it was found that their input connections form a continuum, contrary to the currently widespread notion of distinct classes of interneurons. This suggests a diversified physiological connectivity which likely requires a major component of circuitry learning, implying a more flexible functionality.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lauren L. Orefice, Amanda L. Zimmerman, Anda M. Chirila, Steven J. Sleboda, Joshua P. Head, David D. Ginty
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda L. Zimmerman, Michael Sawchuk, Shawn Hochman
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda Zimmerman, Ling Bai, David D. Ginty
Article
Neurosciences
Qiyu Zhang, Wei-Chung A. Lee, David L. Paul, David D. Ginty
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicole L. Neubarth, Alan J. Emanuel, Yin Liu, Mark W. Springel, Annie Handler, Qiyu Zhang, Brendan P. Lehnert, Chong Guo, Lauren L. Orefice, Amira Abdelaziz, Michelle M. DeLisle, Michael Iskols, Julia Rhyins, Soo J. Kim, Stuart J. Cattel, Wade Regehr, Christopher D. Harvey, Jan Drugowitsch, David D. Ginty
Article
Biology
Erin A. Clark, Michael Rutlin, Lucia Capano, Samuel Aviles, Jordan R. Saadon, Praveen Taneja, Qiyu Zhang, James B. Bullis, Timothy Lauer, Emma Myers, Anton Schulmann, Douglas Forrest, Sacha B. Nelson
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shan Meltzer, Katelyn C. Boulanger, Emmanuella Osei-Asante, Annie Handler, Qiyu Zhang, Chie Sano, Shigeyoshi Itohara, David D. Ginty
Summary: This study characterizes the developmental steps leading to the formation of A beta rapidly adapting (RA)-LTMR and AdLTMR lanceolate complexes, and reveals the crucial roles of Netrin-G1 and NGL-1-Netrin-G1 signaling in promoting LTMR end organ formation. The findings demonstrate the importance of axon-glia interactions in this process and have implications for understanding sensory perception.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shan Meltzer, Katelyn C. Boulanger, Anda M. Chirila, Emmanuella Osei-Asante, Michelle DeLisle, Qiyu Zhang, Brian T. Kalish, Aniqa Tasnim, Erica L. Huey, Leah C. Fuller, Erin K. Flaherty, Tom Maniatis, Andrew M. Garrett, Joshua A. Weiner, David D. Ginty
Summary: Light touch sensation begins with the activation of low-threshold mechanoreceptor (LTMR) endings and the transmission of their signals in the spinal cord and brainstem. The Pcdhg gene locus, encoding 22 cell-surface homophilic binding proteins, is crucial for normal behavioral reactivity to tactile stimuli in somatosensory neurons. Developmentally, different Pcdhg isoforms play roles in synapse formation and axonal branching of LTMR through neuron-neuron and neuron-glia interactions. Disruption of Pcdhg isoforms leads to fewer corticospinal synapses in the dorsal horn, highlighting their importance in the assembly of central mechanosensory circuitry.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akiko Terauchi, Patricia Yee, Erin M. Johnson-Venkatesh, Mariel P. Seiglie, Lisa Kim, Julia C. Pitino, Eli Kritzer, Qiyu Zhang, Jie Zhou, Yulong Li, David D. Ginty, Wei-Chung A. Lee, Hisashi Umemori
Summary: Dopaminergic projections play a role in various brain functions and are involved in neuropsychiatric disorders. Two groups of TGF-(3 family members regulate the development of dopaminergic synapses in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic neurons. Specific activation of Smad1 and Smad2 is required for the development and function of dopaminergic synapses in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic projections.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brannan Elizabeth O'Neill, Shawn Hochman, Michael Sawchuk, Amanda Zimmerman