Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashleigh S. Paparella, Briana L. Aboulache, Rajesh K. Harijan, Kathryn S. Potts, Peter C. Tyler, Vern L. Schramm
Summary: Clostridium difficile produces toxins TcdA and TcdB causing diarrhea by affecting host cell functions using UDP-glucose, leading to disease onset. Researchers identified potential therapeutic approach using transition state analogue iminosugars.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Christian Bestfater, Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild, Andreas Stallmach, Kester Tueffers, Andreas Erhardt, Thorsten Frank, Thomas Glueck, Felix Goeser, Gernot Sellge, Philipp Solbach, Herbert Eisenlohr, Martin Storr
Summary: Simultaneous bidirectional FMT showed superior primary cure rates compared to standard unidirectional approaches for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, highlighting the importance of treatment route in optimizing patient outcomes. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anqi Jin, Tony Chien, Qiwen Huang, Pragati Kenkare, Mai Vu, Sandra Wilson, Edward S. Huang
Summary: The study found that cholecystectomy is associated with a slightly increased risk of incident CDI, but this effect is not influenced by the use of proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, or hospitalization.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Siqi Wang, Leyang Xiang, Fang li, Wenlin Deng, Pinjing Lv, Ye Chen
Summary: This study found that levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate, are reduced, and normal colon structure is damaged in patients with CDI compared with those in healthy individuals. Bile acid (BA) metabolic disorder in patients with CDI is characterized by increased primary BA levels and decreased secondary BAs. Butyrate treatment may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for patients with CDI.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manesh Kumar Gangwani, Muhammad Aziz, Abeer Aziz, Fnu Priyanka, Simcha Weissman, Khiem Phan, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Zohaib Ahmed, Amir Humza Sohail, Wade Lee-Smith, Faisal Kamal, Toseef Javaid, Ali Nawras, Benjamin Hart
Summary: Clostridium difficile Infection is a significant health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is an alternative therapy with high success rate and low relapse rate. However, the efficacy of different types of FMT, such as fresh, frozen, and lyophilized, remains unclear. This review aims to consolidate the data and identify the most effective treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Elena Reigadas, Joffrey van Prehn, Marco Falcone, Fidelma Fitzpatrick, Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild, Ed J. Kuijper, Emilio Bouza
Summary: The prevention and treatment of CDI continues to be a challenge, with current effective methods including FMT and bezlotoxumab, but there is still lack of evidence-based options for primary CDI prevention.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yanrong Ma, Huan Wang, Jinru Yang, Mingyan Xin, Xinan Wu
Summary: This study found that oral administration of gentamicin (GEN) can reduce the levels of bile acids in male rats and improve liver pathology, indicating that GEN may be a potential therapeutic drug for cholestasis. Furthermore, GEN was found to significantly inhibit bile salt hydrolase activity in lactobacillus and bacteroides, promote urinary excretion of bile acids, and decrease serum and hepatic levels of bile acids.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Melanie Bourgin, Aicha Kriaa, Hela Mkaouar, Vincent Mariaule, Amin Jablaoui, Emmanuelle Maguin, Moez Rhimi
Summary: The gut microbiota has been increasingly linked to metabolic health and disease, with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) playing a key role in both microbial and host physiology. Understanding the role of BSH in health can pave the way for new therapeutic targets in human diseases.
Article
Pediatrics
Ryan M. Hanson, Amy J. Wagner
Summary: Severe, complicated Clostridium difficile colitis is rare in pediatric patients and little is known about its medical and surgical management in this population. A case report of a 15-year-old female patient with severe, complicated C difficile colitis successfully treated with diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage is presented. This approach, instead of subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy, should be considered as an alternative for pediatric patients with severe, complicated C difficile colitis.
Article
Immunology
Adorjan Varga, Lilla Makszin, Anita Bufa, David Sipos, Peter Kasa, Szilard Pal, Philip Rosenstiel, Felix Sommer, Bela Kocsis, Zoltan Peterfi
Summary: Our study compared the efficacy of using capsules and nasogastric tubes for FMT in treating CDI, as well as the effect of storage and time on bacterial survival rate. We found that using capsules for FMT had good efficacy and a storage temperature of -20°C was sufficient.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ibrahim A. Al-Zahrani
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection is a global threat to many healthcare settings. Excessive use of antimicrobials, lack of optimal antibiotic policies, and suboptimal infection control practices have fueled the development of this health issue. Prudent use of antimicrobials and simple infection control measures can significantly reduce infection rates.
SAUDI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Abbas Hatim Rupawala, Darrel Gachette, Mena Bakhit, Lanre Jimoh, Colleen R. Kelly
Summary: The study found that serial fecal microbiota transplant may not always be effective in patients with severe or complicated Clostridoides difficile infection unresponsive to standard antibiotic therapy, and may lead to serious adverse events.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Alexis Hess, Saskya Byerly, Emily Lenart, Cory Evans, Andrew Kerwin, Dina Filiberto
Summary: This study aimed to identify predictors of Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) in general surgery patients. Patients who underwent general surgery operations were analyzed, and it was found that older age, emergent operation, increased time to operation, infections at surgical sites, deep organ space infections, steroid use, metastatic cancer, smoking, and decreased body mass index (BMI) were independent predictors of CDI.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tanveer Singh, Prabhjot Bedi, Karandeep Bumrah, Darshan Gandhi, Tanureet Arora, Nikita Verma, Mary Schleicher, Manoj P. Rai, Rajat Garg, Beni Verma, Madhusudhan R. Sanaka
Summary: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but not significant in primary CDI.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Carmen Saenz, Qing Fang, Thiyagarajan Gnanasekaran, Samuel Addison Jack Trammell, Jesse Arnold Buijink, Paola Pisano, Michael Wierer, Frederic Moens, Bettina Lengger, Asker Brejnrod, Manimozhiyan Arumugam
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is challenging to treat due to antibiotic resistance. Recent studies have shown that bile acids (BAs) can be a promising approach to treat CDI. This research found that Clostridium scindens and BAs can inhibit the growth and toxin expression of C. difficile.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)