Article
Plant Sciences
Alfia Khairullina, Nikola Micic, Hans J. Lyngs Jorgensen, Nanna Bjarnholt, Leif Bulow, David B. Collinge, Birgit Jensen
Summary: The fungal biocontrol agent Clonostachys rosea is effective in reducing Fusarium graminearum DNA and DON toxin accumulation in oat, and can activate resistance-related gene expression. These findings suggest that C. rosea has potential as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium head blight in oat.
Article
Plant Sciences
William T. Hay, Susan P. McCormick, Martha M. Vaughan
Summary: This study reveals that atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature have significant impacts on Fusarium graminearum infection in wheat and corn, with lower CO2 and cooler temperatures leading to higher toxin accumulation, while warmer temperatures suppress pathogen growth and toxin accumulation.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Louise E. Johns, Daniel P. Bebber, Sarah J. Gurr, Neil A. Brown
Summary: This article reveals the changing threat of Fusarium head blight mycotoxins in European wheat over a period of ten years. The data shows persistent high levels of contamination, both in terms of single- and multi-mycotoxin contamination, as well as changing temporal-geographical distributions. This highlights the potential negative health consequences and economic costs of altering FHB disease pressure and pathogen populations.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Adam Pierzgalski, Marcin Bryla, Joanna Kanabus, Marta Modrzewska, Grazyna Podolska
Summary: Mycotoxins, such as DON and ZEN, have detrimental effects on human and animal health by causing DNA damage, disrupting the cell cycle, and altering gene expression. These toxins can also impact neurotransmitters and modify DNA through various mechanisms, potentially contributing to the development of metabolic diseases.
Article
Microbiology
Lina Zhang, Xishi Zhou, Pengfeng Li, Yiwei Wang, Qianyong Hu, Yuping Shang, Yunshen Chen, Xiying Zhu, Hongjie Feng, Cuijun Zhang
Summary: Fusarium graminearum is the main pathogen of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, barley, and corn. This study found that putrescine, a wheat defense compound, can have a significant impact on the transcriptome of F. graminearum and induce the synthesis of DON. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of various metabolic pathways. Co-expression analysis identified key transcription factor genes that may play important roles in DON synthesis. These findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying putrescine-induced DON synthesis and facilitate the study of FHB pathogenic mechanisms.
Article
Food Science & Technology
S. A. Palacios, A. Del Canto, J. Erazo, A. M. Torres
Summary: This study evaluated the aggressiveness of F. cerealis to durum wheat cultivars and mycotoxin production in planta, finding that all cultivars exhibited typical FHB symptoms and NIV was the most produced mycotoxin. Molecular analysis revealed all strains possessed NIV genotype, while chemical assessment showed they could produce various secondary metabolites. The increasing incidence of F. cerealis and the potential crop contamination with mycotoxins pose great concern for food security and world cereal trade, especially given the higher toxicity of NIV compared to DON.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lingqiao Chen, Junhua Yang, Haoyu Wang, Xianli Yang, Chengkang Zhang, Zhihui Zhao, Jianhua Wang
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic techniques, distribution, frequency, structure elucidation, stability, toxicology, and molecular mechanisms of the emerging NX toxins produced by the NX-producing strains of the FGSC. The potential impacts of global warming on the production of these toxins are also discussed.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hannah Reed, Brian Mueller, Carol L. Groves, Damon L. Smith
Summary: Research shows that Fusarium graminearum and its toxic secondary metabolite DON accumulate in both stalks and ears of corn plants, with variations in contamination levels between different years and plant parts.
Article
Microbiology
Elias Alisaac, Anna Rathgeb, Petr Karlovsky, Anne-Katrin Mahlein
Summary: The study found that F. graminearum grows downward within infected wheat spikes and DON accumulation is largely confined to the colonized tissue. Additionally, F. graminearum was able to infect wheat kernels and cause mycotoxin contamination even when inoculated 25 days after anthesis.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xingguang Chen, Beibei Chu, Qianhui Gu, Wenzhe Li, Rui Lin, Jiyang Chu, Zhengcong Peng, Jian Lu, Dianhui Wu
Summary: A protonated g-C3N4/oxygen-doped g-C3N4 composite was prepared and used to inhibit F. graminearum growth and DON accumulation in barley malt under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the inhibition rate of F. graminearum reached 100% after 2.5 h of visible light irradiation. The CNH/OCN composite material also had a significant photocatalytic inhibition effect on ergosterol and DON in malt.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chaofeng Li, Chenglan Liu
Summary: The fungicidal activity and enantioselective effect of prothioconazole enantiomers on DON production, transcriptome and metabolome of F. graminearum are studied in this research. The results indicate that R-(-)-prothioconazole has higher fungicidal activity and can induce F. graminearum to synthesize more DON compared to S-(+)-prothioconazole. The expression levels of several genes in different pathways are influenced by prothioconazole enantiomers treatment.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Luisa Ederli, Giovanni Beccari, Francesco Tini, Irene Bergamini, Ilaria Bellezza, Roberto Romani, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: This study investigated the impact of ENB, DON, and ENB+DON on bread wheat and Fusarium development. Synergistic effects were observed in seed germination, growth, and chlorophyll degradation, while antagonistic interaction was found in cell death and oxidative stress induction. ENB inhibited FG growth, while DON promoted FA growth, highlighting the potential role of ENB in cell death control and fungal competition.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jessica Cristina Zoratto Romoli, Milena Veronezi Silva, Giseli Cristina Pante, Danielle Hoeltgebaum, Juliana Cristina Castro, Gustavo Henrique Oliveira da Rocha, Isis Regina Grenier Capoci, Samuel Botiao Nerilo, Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini, Eduardo Micotti da Gloria, Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski, Jane Martha Graton Mikcha, Miguel Machinski Junior
Summary: The study found that thyme and ginger essential oils showed the most potent inhibitory effects on DON and ZEA, making them potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the future.
FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Zongzhe He, Jing Zhang, Dongya Shi, Beibei Gao, Zhen Wang, Yanqing Zhang, Minghua Wang
Summary: The study revealed the stereoselective efficiency of Cyproconazole (CPZ) stereoisomers against Fusarium head blight (FHB), with RS-CPZ showing higher control efficacy and inhibiting deoxynivalenol production. This provides new insights into the mechanism of action of triazole fungicides against FHB and its toxins.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Chenjie Yu, Xin Liu, Xinyue Zhang, Mengxuan Zhang, Yiying Gu, Qurban Ali, M. Sherif Ramzy Mohamed, Jianhong Xu, Jianrong Shi, Xuewen Gao, Huijun Wu, Qin Gu
Summary: The lipopeptide mycosubtilin from Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 showed significant inhibition of F. graminearum and F. verticillioides growth in vitro, as well as control of adverse effects on wheat and maize in planta experiments. It decreased mycotoxin production in infected grains and downregulated genes involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis, indicating its potential as a biological agent for controlling plant diseases and Fusarium toxin contamination.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jacob P. Walsh, Justin B. Renaud, Shawn Hoogstra, David R. McMullin, Ashraf Ibrahim, Cobus M. Visagie, Joey B. Tanney, Ken K. -C. Yeung, Mark W. Sumarah
RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Megan J. Kelman, Justin B. Renaud, Keith A. Seifert, Jonathan Mack, Ken K-C Yeung, Mark W. Sumarah
Article
Food Science & Technology
Stephanie L. Collins, Jacob P. Walsh, Justin B. Renaud, Amy McMillan, Stephen Rulisa, J. David Miller, Gregor Reid, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: The study in Rwanda found high levels of mycotoxin exposure in women of childbearing age, particularly concerning levels of aflatoxin, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol. This highlights the urgent need for authorities to manage multiple mycotoxins in the diet to ensure food safety for the population.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Justin B. Renaud, Shawn Hoogstra, Michael A. Quilliam, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: The incorporation of an electrospray compatible retention index (RI) system based on N-alkylpyridinium-3-sulfonates (NAPS) into routine mycotoxin determination improves compound identifications and reduces false positives.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Justin B. Renaud, Natasha DesRochers, Shawn Hoogstra, Christopher P. Garnham, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by fungi which inhibit Ceramide Synthase, leading to toxicity. Novel deaminated fumonisins have some impact on the toxicity of polyketides, with the amine group being a key contributor to fumonisin toxicity despite the significant reduction in toxicity due to removal of the tricarballylic side chains.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Scarlett Puebla-Barragan, Emiley Watson, Charlotte van der Veer, John A. Chmiel, Charles Carr, Jeremy P. Burton, Mark Sumarah, Remco Kort, Gregor Reid
Summary: The study found that different strains of Lactobacillus crispatus in the vagina can produce or degrade different biogenic amines, leading to varying effects on vaginal pH and pathogens. Additionally, strains isolated from women with dysbiotic vaginal microbiota showed stronger antimicrobial effects against certain pathogens.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Justin B. Renaud, Jacob P. Walsh, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This study reports a simplified synthetic route for the production of unlabelled and labelled aflatoxin B-1-lysine, as well as aflatoxin G(1)-lysine for the first time. The stability of these compounds during storage is also reported.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This translated passage discusses the challenges that the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) presents to farmers, producers, and consumers. These challenges include understanding the different toxin profiles of Fusarium graminearum, the need for rapid analytical tests, DON exposure assessments in human populations, and managing contaminated food throughout the supply chain.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Patrick G. Telmer, Megan J. Kelman, Justin B. Renaud, Mark W. Sumarah, Christopher P. Garnham
Summary: This study reported an amine oxidase (AnFAO) from a fumonisin-producing Aspergillus niger strain, which can reduce the concentrations of intact fumonisins in maize and maize products. The researchers found that AnFAO effectively deaminated fumonisins in milled maize flour, whole kernel maize, and dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS). They also engineered the yeast Pichia pastoris to produce functional AnFAO in both secreted and intracellular forms. These results support the further development and application of AnFAO as a promising tool to remediate fumonisin-contaminated maize and maize products.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Justin B. Renaud, Jacob P. Walsh, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: Aflatoxin B-1, a potent human carcinogen produced by certain species of Aspergillus commonly found on nuts and maize, can result in exposure levels in parts of Africa, Latin America and Asia that are multiple times or even orders of magnitude higher than tolerable daily levels. While estimation of human exposure to aflatoxin can be done through analysis of the diet, the determination of serum albumin aflatoxin adduct is the most relevant measure of health-related exposure. The lack of a serum reference material poses limitations on interlaboratory method validation and data comparisons. In this study, a synthetic aflatoxin-serum reference material was developed by covalently coupling AFB(1)-dialdehyde to serum albumin in human serum. The effectiveness of sample digestion methods was evaluated using isotopically labelled internal standards, with the study showing that adequate Pronase use and higher digestion temperature enhanced the overall analysis process. Additionally, the use of dried blood spots and Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) produced equivalent results to serum samples.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cameron Littlejohn, Justin B. B. Renaud, Lyne Sabourin, David R. R. Lapen, Jane J. J. Pappas, Bindu Tuteja, Dianne Hughes, Erin Ussery, Ken K. -C. Yeung, Mark W. W. Sumarah
Summary: Metformin, a drug used for Type 2 diabetes, is widely prescribed globally. In surface water and sediment samples collected from mixed-use watersheds in Canada, guanylurea, a transformation product of metformin, was found in high concentrations. The study suggests that wastewater treatment plants and septic system leaks are the main sources of these compounds in the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kimberlynn McDonald, Natasha DesRochers, Justin B. Renaud, Mark W. Sumarah, David R. McMullin
Summary: Cyanobacterial blooms that release biologically active metabolites into the environment are increasing in frequency due to the degradation of freshwater ecosystems. Microcystins, a group of cyanopeptides, are extensively studied and included in water quality risk management frameworks. However, data on the abundance, distribution, and biological activities of non-microcystin cyanopeptides are limited.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Natasha DesRochers, Justin B. Renaud, Joey B. Tanney, Ashraf Ibrahim, Ken K. -C. Yeung, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This study identified many species of endophytic fungi in plants, most of which produce secondary metabolites with diverse structures and biological activities. Through LC-HRMS/MS analysis, 60 known compounds and 7 new compounds were identified. These previously unknown compounds are potential targets for further purification, characterization, and bioactivity testing in future studies.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jacob P. Walsh, Christopher P. Garnham, Ken K-C Yeung, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This translated article describes a decrease in crop yields caused by ginseng root rot, and highlights the important role of TAFC in the virulence of the ginseng pathogens. The results demonstrate that enzymatic degradation of TAFC can effectively control ginseng root rot.
ACS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Scarlett Puebla-Barragan, Polycronis Paul Akouris, Kait F. Al, Charles Carr, Britney Lamb, Mark Sumarah, Charlotte van der Veer, Remco Kort, Jeremy Burton, Gregor Reid
Summary: The study found that certain Lactobacillus strains could reduce the malodorous compounds BAs, and cadaverine was found to reduce the relative abundance of lactobacilli. In an acidic environment, the growth of Lactobacillus species was enhanced, highlighting the importance of maintaining an acidic vaginal environment for vaginal health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)