Synergistic treatment strategies to combat resistant bacterial infections using Schiff base modified nanoparticulate - hydrogel system

Antibiotic resistance is of much prevalence and is one of the alarming realities for the rise in morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics; once regarded as wonder drugs have lost its credit of combating bacteria due to the rapid rise in variety of nosocomial pathogens. The underlying cause for the resistance spread is due to sudden drift in genetic mutation and the recalcitrant behavior of bacterial species. On the other hand, illegal and over-consumption of drugs fuels up the issue, wherein resistance development is directly proportional to the rate of drug consumption. Our pursuit was in reviving antibiotic, and further repurposing them into more potent formulation with reduced side effects to completely deplete resistant bacteria. In this work we present gentamicin encapsulated zein nanoparticle modified with Schiff base incorporated in immobilized chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix((GM-ZNPRG CsPVA) resulting in synergistic antibacterial activity. Schiff base modified zein nanoparticle exhibited an average diameter of 240 +/- 8 nm and stability of - 29.85 +/- 2 mV. The nanocomposite system exhibited enhanced penetration rate when applied to dermis eliciting combinatorial antibacterial activity. Gentamicin in combination with Schiff base was found to lyse bacteria by ruining its cell integrity as depicted by SEM analysis. The formulation upon application stays intact to the impaired dermal tissues and releases drug in a sustained manner without the need of recurrent administration. The gel system was extremely biocompatible towards L929 cells without any toxicity. Overall, the work reports use of [GM-ZNP]PG CsPVA for resistant bacterial infections.