Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yazmina Rojas, Justin R. Minder, Leah S. Campbell, Adam Massmann, Rene Garreaud
Summary: Satellite data is crucial for regions lacking ground-based precipitation observations, especially in complex terrains like Chile. This study evaluates the performance of satellite-based precipitation estimation in Chile and finds that IMERG underestimates precipitation, particularly in high-elevation areas and during warm rain periods. Understanding how IMERG performance varies with terrain and microphysical regimes may help improve satellite-based precipitation estimation.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Silvio Davolio, Marco Vercellino, Mario Marcello Miglietta, Lucia Drago Pitura, Sante Laviola, Vincenzo Levizzani
Summary: On 2-3 October 2020, heavy precipitation in northern Italy and the western Alps, driven by an upper-level trough and an atmospheric river, led to rainfall exceeding 600 mm in 24 hours. The atmospheric river brought a significant amount of moisture from both the Mediterranean Sea and the tropics, intensifying the precipitation systems. The presence of the atmospheric river played a crucial role in transforming the event into a devastating flood, highlighting the complex interaction between large-scale flows and mesoscale dynamics.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ying He, Zhiliang Shu, Jiafeng Zheng, Xingcan Jia, Yujun Qiu, Peiyun Deng, Xue Yan, Tong Lin, Zhangli Dang, Chunsong Lu
Summary: A field campaign was conducted in Liupan Mountains by the Weather Modification Center of the China Meteorological Administration to investigate the influence of terrain on precipitation in Northwest China. Measurements from ground-based cloud radar, micro rain radar, and disdrometer were used to compare the vertical structures and microphysical characteristics of a mixed cloud and precipitation process over three different topographic positions. The study found that the characteristics of higher raindrop concentrations and smaller diameters were observed, especially at the mountain top site.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
N. R. Mascioli, A. T. Evan, F. M. Ralph
Summary: Research using a model shows that dust can increase the ratio of precipitation falling as snow, affecting the distribution of precipitation downwind and upwind. Under certain favorable conditions, dust can significantly enhance precipitation through the seeder-feeder mechanism.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Y. Derin, P-E Kirstetter
Summary: This study aims to understand the uncertainties of satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) in complex terrain by analyzing environmental and physical parameters. The study found that heavy rainfall is strongly associated with high moisture flux convergence and moderate humidity. However, SPPs may over- or underestimate positive environmental and physical parameters under certain rainfall conditions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martha A. Scholl, Maoya Bassiouni, Angel J. Torres-Sanchez
Summary: This study found that forest cover plays a crucial role in mountain hydrometeorology and cloud formation. Natural experiments revealed interactions between living forest and hydroclimatic processes, as well as the impact of forest disturbances on local meteorology.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hung- Lee, Jonathan L. Mitchell, Juan M. Lora, Aradhna Tripati
Summary: Paleo-proxy reconstructions indicate a wetter climate in the American Southwest during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka). The main mechanisms driving this moisture increase are still under debate, with limited research on synoptic changes in precipitation. Analysis of the Paleoclimate Intercomparison Model Project (PMIP3) simulations reveals enhanced precipitation in the southwest and south-central USA during winter and summer. It is suggested that eastward phase shifting of stationary waves during the LGM led to increased rainfall in the south-central USA and drier conditions in the southeastern USA.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Florian Baur, Christian Keil, Christian Barthlott
Summary: The combined impact of soil moisture and microphysical perturbations on convective clouds and precipitation over Central Europe was studied. Homogeneous soil-moisture bias primarily controls the timing of convection initiation and the amount of surface rainfall, while the number of cloud condensation nuclei and width of the cloud droplet size distribution mainly control the number, size, and lifetime of convective clouds. Positive couplings are observed under moisture-limited conditions. Wetter soils and more polluted conditions result in fewer, but larger, cloud clusters.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Bart Geerts, Coltin Grasmick, Robert M. Rauber, Troy J. Zaremba, Lultin Xue, Katja Friedrich
Summary: Airborne vertically profiling Doppler radar data is used to study the impact of small-scale terrain ridges on cross-mountain flow, cloud processes, and surface precipitation. The simulations closely match observed terrain-driven deep gravity waves and indicate substantial localized precipitation enhancement downwind of individual ridges. The radar data also reveal the presence of super-cooled liquid water in ice-dominated clouds and distortions in hydrometeor trajectories.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Civil
Sofia D. Nerantzaki, Simon Michael Papalexiou
Summary: This review examines methods used for probabilistic analysis of extreme events in Hydroclimatology, focusing on streamflow, precipitation, and temperature extremes at regional and global scales. Recent studies suggest a preference for heavy-tailed distributions to describe precipitation and streamflow extremes, as well as a growing interest in non-stationarity analyses. Parameter estimation techniques such as L-Moments and Maximum Likelihood have shown to outperform the Method of Moments in fitting extreme value distributions.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Dariusz Mlynski, Andrzej Walega, Alban Kuriqi
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between meteorological drought and e-flow releases in eight catchments of southern Poland. The results showed a significant decreasing trend in streamflow rate in the Skawa sub-basin, while an increasing trend was observed in the Biala and Sekowka catchments of the Dunajec sub-basin. The study demonstrated the potential of SPI and PNI indices as helpful tools in water resources management and planning, particularly in predicting the impact of droughts on e-flows deficit.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Seiya Nishizawa, Tsuyoshi Yamaura, Yoshiyuki Kajikawa
Summary: This study investigates the effect of submesoscale topography on thermally driven local circulations and precipitation, finding that submesoscale topography weakens precipitation rather than enhancing it, as suggested by previous studies. The detachment and mixing of upslope flow caused by submesoscale topography lead to a reduction in convergence, updraft, and equivalent potential temperature, explaining the observed weakening effect on precipitation. Cold pools formed by evaporation of rainfall associated with upslope flow further enhance this weakening effect.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Peiyuan Li, Ashish Sharma, Zhi-Hua Wang, Donald Wuebbles
Summary: Quantifying CO2 is crucial for assessing carbon emissions at the city level and promoting sustainable urban development. This study presents a process-based modeling approach to evaluate biogenic carbon fluxes from vegetated areas in the Chicago Metropolitan Area and proposes a novel Environmental Benefit Score metrics framework to identify vulnerability and mitigation measures.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kaustav Chakravarty, N. Arun, Praful Yadav, Rupali Bhangale, P. Murugavel, Vijay P. Kanawade, J. Mohmmad, K. S. Hosalikar, G. Pandithurai
Summary: This study examined the characteristics of precipitation microphysics during different stages of tropical cyclone Nisarga in the Western Ghats of India, finding that convective rain had a significant impact and precipitation intensity increased when the cyclone was over the Western Ghats.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Annareli Morales, Derek J. Posselt, Hugh Morrison
Summary: This study uses an idealized modeling framework and a Bayesian MCMC algorithm to investigate the combinations of environmental conditions and cloud microphysical parameters that affect precipitation over a bell-shaped mountain. The analysis reveals that certain parameter values can produce similar precipitation distributions, with key factors including RH, U, theta(sfc), and A(s). High theta(sfc) values are more likely to produce the target precipitation rate and spatial distribution.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bjorn Lambrigtsen, Pekka Kangaslahti, Oliver Montes, Noppasin Niamsuwan, Derek Posselt, Jacola Roman, Mathias Schreier, Alan Tanner, Longtao Wu, Igor Yanovsky
Summary: A geostationary microwave sounder called GeoSTAR has been developed, which can continuously monitor various atmospheric parameters such as temperature, water vapor, clouds, precipitation, and wind even in the presence of clouds and precipitation. With the ability to observe in geostationary earth orbit (GEO), GeoSTAR adds significantly to our capability of studying dynamic atmospheric phenomena and can provide measurements every 15 minutes or less. It has the potential to greatly improve weather prediction and applications.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Catherine M. Naud, Juan A. Crespo, Derek J. Posselt
Summary: Surface latent and sensible heat fluxes play a key role in the evolution and intensification of low-latitude oceanic extratropical cyclones. CYGNSS observations provide insights into the spatial distribution of heat fluxes in these cyclones, highlighting the importance of frontal processes in energy transfers from the ocean to the atmosphere during cyclone dissipation.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Leah D. Grant, Susan C. van den Heever, Ziad S. Haddad, Jennie Bukowski, Peter J. Marinescu, Rachel L. Storer, Derek J. Posselt, Graeme L. Stephens
Summary: This research investigates the relationship between vertical velocity and microphysical processes in deep convection and its impact on atmospheric transport and extreme weather. The study finds that the relationship is linear, primarily influenced by temperature and supersaturation. A diagnostic equation for vertical velocity is derived from this linear relationship and shown to accurately estimate storm-scale updraft speeds.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Masashi Minamide, Derek J. Posselt
Summary: This study examines the dynamics and predictability of a weakly organized linear convective system using high-resolution analysis and forecasting methods. The results show that meso-alpha and meso-beta scale initial features have good predictive capability for the development of convective activity, especially within a few hours of lead time. Furthermore, it is found that meso-gamma scale and smaller features are crucial for capturing individual convective storms.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Derek J. Posselt, Longtao Wu, Mathias Schreier, Jacola Roman, Masashi Minamide, Bjorn Lambrigtsen
Summary: This study evaluates the potential impact of geostationary microwave sounder observations on tropical cyclone forecasts through simulation experiments. The assimilation of GeoMW soundings significantly improves the forecasts of tropical cyclone track, intensity, vertical structure, and surface wind and precipitation extremes. The regional impact of GeoMW data is equal to or greater than other observation types, making it a valuable tool for weather prediction.
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew Gettelman, Alan J. Geer, Richard M. Forbes, Greg R. Carmichael, Graham Feingold, Derek J. Posselt, Graeme L. Stephens, Susan C. van den Heever, Adam C. Varble, Paquita Zuidema
Summary: Predictions of the Earth system require models informed by observations at multiple levels. Current methods and best practices for integrating models and observations are reviewed, and future developments are highlighted to improve prediction capabilities. To maximize the benefits for Earth system prediction and society, a holistic, integrated, and coordinated approach is needed for models, observations, and their uncertainties.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
George Duffy, Derek J. J. Posselt
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics of gamma parameters for particle size distributions containing snowflake aggregates in various types and temperatures. The results show a strong relationship between mu and γ, independent of temperature. A gamma function with mu of -1.25 provides the best representation of PSD shape and accurate description of mass and reflectivity moments for snowflake aggregates.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
T. Vukicevic, D. J. Posselt, A. Stankovic
Summary: This study examines the characteristics of different parameter perturbation methodologies for ensemble simulations of cloud microphysical processes in convection. It finds that stochastic parameter methods produce greater spread and bias, while non-stochastic parameter methods exhibit smaller spread with little bias. Applying time-varying parameter covariance helps to retain ensemble spread and reduce bias.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Shakeel Asharaf, Derek J. J. Posselt, Faozi Said, Christopher S. S. Ruf
Summary: Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) based wind retrieval techniques have made significant progress in the latest version of CYGNSS.
JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
David M. M. Schultz, Jeffrey Anderson, Tommaso Benacchio, Kristen L. L. Corbosiero, Matthew D. D. Eastin, Clark Evans, Jidong Gao, Joshua P. P. Hacker, Daniel Hodyss, Daryl Kleist, Matthew R. R. Kumjian, Ron McTaggart-Cowan, Zhiyong Meng, Justin R. Minder, Derek Posselt, Paul Roundy, Angela Rowe, Michael Scheuerer, Russ S. S. Schumacher, Stan Trier, Christopher Weiss
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zhuocan Xu, Gerald G. Mace, Derek J. Posselt
Summary: This research demonstrates that precipitation affects the estimation of cloud droplet effective radius using the bispectral method. Precipitation leads to overestimation of the estimated radius and increased uncertainties. It also results in a loss of information on the total number concentration and liquid water content near the cloud top. Additional independent information is needed to supplement these estimates.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yuli Liu, Gerald G. Mace, Derek J. Posselt
Summary: The NASA ACCP study team proposed the AOS architecture and used hybrid Bayesian retrieval algorithms to evaluate its skill in constraining ice cloud microphysical properties. Results showed complementary radar observations at different frequencies, sensitivity of brightness temperature measurements to ice cloud layers, and significant improvement in ice water path retrieval accuracies with synergistic active and passive observations.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Vijay Natraj, Ming Luo, Jean-Francois Blavier, Vivienne H. Payne, Derek J. Posselt, Stanley P. Sander, Zhao-Cheng Zeng, Jessica L. Neu, Denis Tremblay, Longtao Wu, Jacola A. Roman, Yen-Hung Wu, Leonard Dorsky
Summary: Satellite measurements allow us to quantify the distribution of atmospheric temperature, humidity, wind fields, and trace gases. Most current instruments operate on polar orbiting satellites, but a new multispectral instrument concept has been proposed for improved measurements from geostationary orbit. Simulations show that combining shortwave and thermal infrared measurements can enhance the accuracy of measurements and benefit weather forecasting, severe storm tracking and forecasting, as well as air quality and climate research.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Spencer Lunderman, Matthias Morzfeld, Derek J. Posselt
Summary: Global Bayesian optimization (GBO) is a derivative-free optimization method widely used in the tech-industry for optimizing expensive objective functions. In the context of ensemble data assimilation (DA), GBO can be used for tasks such as estimating model parameters, tuning localization and inflation parameters, and performing both tasks simultaneously.
TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Joaquim Teixeira, Hai Nguyen, Derek J. Posselt, Hui Su, Longtao Wu
Summary: This study introduces a method that characterizes errors in tracked winds by combining machine learning with Gaussian mixture modeling, providing accurate and useful error features of the tracked wind in a high-resolution global model simulation.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2021)