Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xi Guo, James P. Kossin, Zhe-Min Tan
Summary: This study discusses the long-term variation of Tropical Cyclone Translation Speed (TCTS) near the North Atlantic coast during 1948-2019 and its relationship to the midlatitude jet stream and storm migration. Results show a prominent seasonality in TCTS, with significant increases in June and October and a slowdown in August in recent decades. September shows no significant change in TCTS, as the effects of jet stream displacement and storm migration largely compensate each other.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Philip J. Klotzbach, Carl J. Schreck, Gilbert P. Compo, Steven G. Bowen, Ethan J. Gibney, Eric C. J. Oliver, Michael M. Bell
Summary: The 1933 Atlantic hurricane season was exceptionally active, setting multiple historical records with 20 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 6 major hurricanes. Favorable dynamic conditions and above-normal tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures created an optimal environment for hurricane formation and intensification. Statistical models used by Colorado State University predicted the high activity of the 1933 hurricane season.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Adam H. Sobel, Janet Sprintall, Eric D. Maloney, Zane K. Martin, Shuguang Wang, Simon P. de Szoeke, Benjamin C. Trabing, Steven A. Rutledge
Summary: The study conducted during the PISTON experiment in August-October 2018 shows the state and evolution of the atmosphere and ocean, revealing variations in low-level atmospheric flow and strong tropical cyclone activity.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Elliott M. Sainsbury, Reinhard K. H. Schiemann, Kevin I. Hodges, Alexander J. Baker, Len C. Shaffrey, Kieran T. Bhatia
Summary: This study investigates the interannual variability of recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) and finds that it is primarily determined by the frequency of TCs in the subtropical Atlantic and hurricanes in the main development region (MDR). The seasonal anomalies in the steering flow have a smaller impact on the frequency of recurving TCs.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Leishan Jiang, Tim Li
Summary: The tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature anomaly is influenced by two dominant modes: basin-warming mode and meridional dipole mode, affecting the following winter's climate. The basin-warming mode induces a La Nina through Kelvin wave response and wind-evaporation-SST-convection feedback, while the dipole mode has little impact. Studies show that the differences in these modes play a role in the development of ENSO events in the Pacific Ocean.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yanjie Wu, Robert L. Korty
Summary: Analyses of two high-resolution reanalysis products indicate that high values of hurricane potential intensity (PI) are becoming more frequent and covering a larger area of the Atlantic, consistent with the previously reported lengthening of the tropical cyclone season. Specifically, the increase in high PI is most pronounced in the early months of the storm season in subtropical latitudes. The western subtropical Atlantic experiences an increase in mean PI, as well as the areal coverage and frequency of high PI throughout the storm season, with the length of the season with high PI growing since 1980. While the number of days with low vertical wind shear increases in the tropical North Atlantic during the early and middle months of the storm season, trends elsewhere are mixed and generally insignificant. The choice of pressure level(s) used to calculate a thermodynamic parameter, which measures the ratio of midlevel entropy deficits to the strength of surface fluxes, as well as subtle differences in temperature and humidity values near the surface in different reanalysis datasets, can lead to divergent results in metrics like the ventilation index that rely on its value. Projections from a high-resolution simulation for the rest of the twenty-first century suggest that the number of days with high PI is likely to continue increasing in the North Atlantic basin, particularly in the western subtropical Atlantic during the early and late months of the season.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jennifer Nakamura, Upmanu Lall, Yochanan Kushnir, Patrick A. Harr, Kyra McCreery
Summary: The study proposes a new hurricane risk assessment model, C-3-HITS, which simulates North Atlantic tropical cyclone tracks and intensity based on early-season large-scale climate conditions. By adding two climate covariates for track simulation, the model's predictive efficacy is compared with an unconditional HITS application.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Il-Ju Moon, Thomas R. Knutson, Hye-Ji Kim, Alexander V. Babanin, Jin-Yong Jeong
Summary: Despite having less available ocean heat content, eastern North Pacific hurricanes intensify faster and more efficiently than western North Pacific typhoons. This is attributed to their smaller size, lower latitude positioning, and favorable atmospheric conditions such as lower vertical wind shear, colder troposphere, and drier boundary layer.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Benjamin A. Schenkel, Daniel Chavas, Ning Lin, Thomas Knutson, Gabriel Vecchi, Alan Brammer
Summary: This study investigates whether the outer size and structure of North Atlantic tropical cyclones will change by the late twenty-first century. Multiple simulations under different scenarios were conducted, and the results show that the projected outer size and structure remain unchanged in most of the simulations. However, there is nontrivial uncertainty in these results due to the lack of consensus among the simulations.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yuhao l Iu, Shoude Guan, I. -I. Lin, Wei Mei, Fei-Fei Jin, Mengya Huang, Yihan Zhang, Wei Zhao, Jiwei Tian
Summary: This study systematically examined the effect of storm size on TC-induced sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (SSTA) and subsequent TC intensification in the western North Pacific. The results show that large TCs generate stronger and more widespread SSTA than small TCs, and storm size regulates TC intensification through an oceanic pathway.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qi Tian, Ruiqiang Ding, Jianping Li
Summary: This study evaluates the simulations of the NTA mode and NTA-ENSO connection using CMIP5 and CMIP6 historical simulations. The results show that most models can reproduce the spatial pattern of the NTA mode reasonably, although there are some differences in the central values and position. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the CMIP5/CMIP6 models have a large diversity in the NTA-ENSO connection, which may be attributed to their differences in simulating the spring climatological mean Atlantic ITCZ precipitation and spring-to-summer NTA SST persistence. The CMIP6 models perform better in simulating the NTA-ENSO connection compared to the CMIP5 models.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lin Chen, Gen Li, Bo Lu, Yanping Li, Chujie Gao, Shang-Min Long, Xinyu Li, Ziqian Wang
Summary: This study reveals the relationship and linking mechanism between the spring tripole North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies and the central China July precipitation. The results show that these anomalies affect the precipitation in central China through both the tropical and extratropical pathways.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qinxue Gu, Melissa Gervais, Elizabeth Maroon, Who M. Kim, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Frederic Castruccio
Summary: This study uses a time-evolving self-organizing map approach to analyze various spatiotemporal evolutions of North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) patterns. It identifies atmospheric responses and mechanisms associated with these evolutions, providing new insights into the complex ocean-atmosphere interactions over time. The study also discusses the predictability of different SST patterns and their implications for decadal prediction skill.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kristopher B. Karnauskas, Ulla K. Heede, Lei Zhang
Summary: The warming of the eastern Pacific strongly influences the future changes in Atlantic hurricanes, particularly the effect of El Nino. The changes include the formation regions of hurricanes and the intensity of the El Nino/La Nina signal.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Paolo Ruggieri, Alessio Bellucci, Dario Nicoli, Panos J. Athanasiadis, Silvio Gualdi, Christophe Cassou, Fred Castruccio, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Paolo Davini, Nick Dunstone, Rosemary Eade, Guillaume Gastineau, Ben Harvey, Leon Hermanson, Said Qasmi, Yohan Ruprich-Robert, Emilia Sanchez-Gomez, Doug Smith, Simon Wild, Matteo Zampieri
Summary: The influence of the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) on the North Atlantic storm track and eddy-driven jet in the winter season is assessed through analysis of idealized simulations using state-of-the-art coupled models. A robust extratropical response is found in the form of a wave train extending from the Pacific to the Nordic seas. In the warm phase of the AMV, the Atlantic storm track is typically contracted and the low-level jet is shifted towards the equator in the eastern Atlantic.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Laura A. Holt, Francois Lott, Rolando R. Garcia, George N. Kiladis, Yuan-Ming Cheng, James A. Anstey, Peter Braesicke, Andrew C. Bushell, Neal Butchart, Chiara Cagnazzo, Chih-Chieh Chen, Hye-Yeong Chun, Yoshio Kawatani, Tobias Kerzenmacher, Young-Ha Kim, Charles McLandress, Hiroaki Naoe, Scott Osprey, Jadwiga H. Richter, Adam A. Scaife, John Scinocca, Federico Serva, Stefan Versick, Shingo Watanabe, Kohei Yoshida, Seiji Yukimoto
Summary: We analyzed stratospheric waves in models participating in the QBOi project and found that the models perform better than most CMIP5 models. The variability in equatorial waves among the QBOi models can be attributed to varying resolutions, biases in zonal winds, and differences in convectively coupled waves. Models with stronger convectively coupled waves tend to produce larger forcing in the QBO region. There is also a large spread in the resolved wave forcing and a correlation with model vertical resolution.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chuxuan Li, Wei Mei, Youichi Kamae
Summary: By grouping North Atlantic atmospheric river tracks into four distinct clusters, we have characterized their variations and linked them to large-scale climate variability. These clusters have similar prevailing track orientations but differ in genesis locations and dominate different regions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiangzhou Song, Xuehan Xie, Bo Qiu, Haijin Cao, Shang-Ping Xie, Zhiqiang Chen, Weidong Yu
Summary: This study investigates the latent heat flux (LH) anomalies associated with submesoscale processes in a cyclonic eddy using recent satellite-ship-coordinated air-sea observations. Unbalanced submesoscale features are identified as submesoscale SST fronts. The results show that these submesoscale fronts induce larger LH anomalies than mesoscale eddies and have a higher spatial gradient.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Matthew T. Luongo, Shang-Ping Xie, Ian Eisenman
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigate the partitioning between buoyancy and momentum forcing in the ocean's response to changes in cross-equatorial ocean heat transport (OHT). They find that buoyancy-driven changes in the deep Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) dominate in the Atlantic, while buoyancy-driven changes in the Indo-Pacific's shallow subtropical cells (STCs) are the primary driver of heat transport changes in the Indo-Pacific. The results suggest that understanding the ocean's total response to energy perturbations by partitioning into buoyancy and momentum forcing provides insight into how the ocean damps intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) migrations.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hanjun Kim, Sarah M. Kang, Jennifer E. Kay, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: Excessive precipitation over the southeastern tropical Pacific is a persistent bias in global climate models. Recent studies suggest that an overly warm Southern Ocean may be the cause. Through experiments, researchers have found a teleconnection between the Southern Ocean and the tropical Pacific mediated by cloud feedback.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiyeong Kim, Sarah M. Kang, Shang-Ping Xie, Baoqiang Xiang, Doyeon Kim, Xiao-Tong Zheng, Hai Wang
Summary: This study investigates the effect of ocean dynamics on the tropical climate response to localized radiative cooling over three northern extratropical land regions. The results show that ocean dynamics can modulate the spatial pattern of climate response and its effect depends on the extratropical forcing location.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Liu Yang, Shang-Ping Xie, Samuel S. P. Shen, Jing-Wu Liu, Yen-Ting Hwang
Summary: It is found that the interaction between low clouds and sea surface temperature (SST) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean (NEP) leads to positive feedback and amplifies SST variations. Wind fluctuations and surface evaporation contribute to the variability of SST through wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback. The study confirmed the mediating role of the NEP low cloud-SST feedback in modulating ENSO.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiping Liu, Mirong Song, Zhu Zhu, Radley M. Horton, Yongyun Hu, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: With the disappearance of Arctic ice, the frequency of strong El Nino events increases by more than a third. This study reveals that a significant portion of the increase in strong El Nino events near the end of the 21st century can be attributed to the loss of Arctic sea-ice. The seasonally ice-free Arctic could play a key role in driving more frequent strong El Nino events.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Soong-Ki Kim, Jongsoo Shin, Soon-Il An, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Nari Im, Shang-Ping Xie, Jong-Seong Kug, Sang-Wook Yeh
Summary: The study reveals that some climate variables do not exhibit the same response to declining CO2 concentrations as they did during the preceding increase. Surface temperature and precipitation show globally widespread irreversible changes over centuries. The researchers quantify the hysteresis and reversibility on a regional scale and identify global hotspots of irreversible changes.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Matthew T. Luongo, Shang-Ping Xie, Ian Eisenman, Yen-Ting Hwang, Hung-Yi Tseng
Summary: Previous studies have shown that aerosol-like cooling in the Northern Hemisphere leads to a La Nina-like response in the tropical Indo-Pacific. This study investigates the communication and sustainability of this response through a coupled ocean-atmosphere feedback pathway. The results suggest that the buoyancy-forced response dominates in the subtropics, amplifying sea surface temperature anomalies and communicating wind-driven evaporative cooling to the tropics. In the equatorial Indo-Pacific, buoyancy-forced ocean dynamics cool the surface while the Bjerknes feedback creates zonally asymmetric SST patterns. Robustness of the subtropical low cloud feedback pathway is observed across multiple models.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chuan-Yang Wang, Xiao-Tong Zheng, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: This study demonstrates that under global warming, annual variability in precipitation, low-level winds, and sea level pressure over the Indo-western Pacific will intensify. This intensification is primarily attributed to the increased specific humidity, resulting in enhanced precipitation variability. The strengthened large-scale anomalous anticyclone further intensifies the precipitation anomalies. However, the interbasin positive feedback between the anticyclone and northern Indian Ocean SST shows no significant change.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qihua Peng, Shang -ping Xie, Rui Xin Huang, Weiqiang Wang, Tingting ZU, Dongxiao Wang
Summary: This study reveals that the slowdown of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) under anthropogenic warming is mainly caused by remote anomalous buoyancy forcing in the North Atlantic Ocean. Surface freshening and warming in the North Atlantic Ocean slow down the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), leading to a reduction in ITF transport.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Youichi Kamae, Hiroaki Ueda, Tomoshige Inoue, Humio Mitsudera
Summary: This study investigates the atmospheric circulations contributing to rapid reduction events of sea ice concentration in the Okhotsk Sea using daily high-resolution ocean reanalysis data. The results show that these reduction events are characterized by the development of an extratropical cyclone in the southern Okhotsk Sea and anomalous high pressure in the northern Bering Sea. Strong southeasterly winds lead to a rapid reduction in sea ice concentration, and easterly winds contribute to substantial reduction in sea ice in the northern and central Okhotsk Sea.
JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yadi Li, Shang-Ping Xie, Tao Lian, Gan Zhang, Juan Feng, Jing Ma, Qihua Peng, Wenzhu Wang, Yurong Hou, Xichen Li
Summary: El Nino triggers variations in the global Hadley circulation, while the latter may potentially feedback to El Nino events. Previous studies mainly focused on the interactions between El Nino and the zonal-mean Hadley circulation. This study introduces a regional perspective by considering zonal variations in the Hadley circulation. The results show intensification of the regional Hadley circulation over the central-eastern Pacific during El Nino, while weakening over the Indo-Pacific warm pool and the tropical Atlantic. The asymmetric component of the Hadley circulation has a lead correlation with El Nino, with the springtime anomaly leading the El Nino event.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Yun Liang, Yan Du, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: In this study, the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) variability on the pre-monsoonal intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) over the South China Sea was investigated using the CESM2 model. Comparison of observations and model simulations revealed the significant role of air-sea coupling in reproducing realistic ISOs. The time lag between SST warming and peak convection highlights the importance of considering this phase relationship in atmospheric modeling.
JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY
(2023)