Article
Environmental Sciences
Nicholas L. Lam, Varun Goel, Max Blasdel, Li Xu, Ilse Ruiz-Mercado, Bora Ozaltun, Lama Aoudi, James Whitacre, Tami C. Bond
Summary: Household access to clean energy is essential for public health and environmental preservation in low- and middle-income countries. This study proposes a hierarchy of reduction potentials for household energy emissions, taking into account various implementation barriers such as distributional, technical, economic, and market factors. By applying this framework to India, the researchers found that implementing reduction programs within a certain distance from urban centers can achieve a significant portion of the theoretical reduction potential. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of considering the factors that affect transitions to clean energy solutions rather than solely quantifying baseline emissions in emission inventory development.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Leila Khazini, Mina Jamshidi Kalajahi, Nadege Blond
Summary: By developing accurate emission inventories and implementing various renovation scenarios, researchers have proposed a way to alleviate urban traffic air pollution, effectively reducing emissions of CO, VOCs, NOx, SOx, and PM. These renovation scenarios not only benefit environmental improvement but also increase the benefits for both government and society while reducing social costs.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yamila S. Grassi, Nelida B. Brignole, Monica F. Diaz
Summary: The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of vehicular fleet and mobile source emissions in Bahia Blanca, Argentina in 2018. Motorcycles were identified as the main source of CO, NMVOC, CO2 and CH4, while light commercial vehicles emitted the most amount of NOx. Despite the growth of the vehicular fleet, emissions in 2018 were lower than in 2013, attributed to the incorporation of more efficient emission control technology. However, this improvement resulted in increased GHGs emissions, presenting a continued challenge in the area.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Katelyn A. Yu, Meng Li, Colin Harkins, Jian He, Qindan Zhu, Bert Verreyken, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Ronald C. Cohen, Brian C. Mcdonald, Robert A. Harley
Summary: The reduction in anthropogenic NOx emissions from motor vehicles due to emission control technologies and policies is significant but uncertain. This study evaluates a fuel-based emission inventory for southern California, finding that on-road vehicles are the main source of NOx emissions in the South Coast Air Basin. The fuel-based inventory provides different estimates of NOx emissions for different vehicle types compared to the planning inventory.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hossein Shahbazi, Ali Mostafazade Abolmaali, Hossein Alizadeh, Hooman Salavati, Hamidreza Zokaei, Reza Zandavi, Sara Torbatian, Daniel Yazgi, Vahid Hosseini
Summary: Many highly populated cities are struggling to achieve clean air targets, and this study evaluates the emission inventory for Tehran to provide updated data on different sources of air pollution. The study highlights the impact of house heating on CO2 emissions and emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to achieve zero-emission targets while maintaining clean air.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gaurav Tomar, Ajay Singh Nagpure, Vivek Kumar, Yash Jain
Summary: This study highlights the unnoticed air quality deterioration in smaller Indian cities and rural areas due to vehicular emissions, showing similarities with megacities. By accurately allocating vehicular activities and emissions, it reveals the dominant form of PM2.5 emissions and the contribution of different types of vehicles to pollution in urban and rural areas. Incorporating vehicle movement results in more accurate emission estimation, especially in an urban-rural landscape.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gunda Singer, Roman Overko, Serife Yilmaz, Emanuele Crisostomi, Robert Shorten
Summary: The increasing popularity of zero tailpipe emission vehicles is a positive development in the fight against traffic pollutants, with a shift towards concerns about emissions from tires and brake disks. While the issue of tire emissions is known, there are still unexplored areas in understanding its environmental impact, modeling, and mitigation measures. Various directions of work have been explored, including methods for on-vehicle tire dust collection, algorithms to reduce tire emissions, and controlling vehicle characteristics.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mohammad Reza Monazzam, Elham Karimi, Hossein Shahbazi, Hossein Shahidzadeh
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential reduction of air and noise pollution by substituting motorcycles and personal vehicles with bicycles, and to compare the exposure of cyclists to noise pollution when using different modes of transportation. Through theoretical and field phases, different scenarios were analyzed, and it was found that replacing cars and motorcycles with bicycles could significantly reduce both air and noise pollution.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingqing Zhang, Huizhong Shen, Xiao Yun, Qirui Zhong, Barron H. Henderson, Xuan Wang, Liuhua Shi, Sachin S. Gunthe, Lewis Gregory Huey, Shu Tao, Armistead G. Russell, Pengfei Liu
Summary: Gaseous and particulate chlorine species play a crucial role in various aspects of the atmosphere, including oxidation capacity, aerosol water uptake, visibility degradation, and human health. A comprehensive global emission inventory reveals that HCl emissions are mainly from industries such as open waste burning and biomass combustion, while pCl emissions are mainly from biofuel and open biomass burning processes. The sectoral and spatial distributions of these emissions are heterogeneous, and the temporal trends are influenced by various factors.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Teng Wang, Baojie Li, Hong Liao, Yan Li
Summary: The study shows that the total emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mainland China have decreased from 2013 to 2017, mainly coming from industrial, residential/commercial, and transportation sectors. The magnitude and reasons for the decline in PAH emissions vary in different regions, with particular attention needed for the limited decline in Northwest China.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Attila Kovacs, Adam Leelossy, Tamas Tettamanti, Domokos Esztergar-Kiss, Robert Meszaros, Istvan Lagzi
Summary: The combination of macroscopic road traffic modeling with atmospheric models can enhance the estimation efficiency of urban air pollution.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fabio Soares dos Santos, Willian Lemker Andreao, Gisele Alves Miranda, Amanda Noronha Moreira de Carvalho, Janaina Antonino Pinto, Rizzieri Pedruzzi, Vanessa Silveira Barreto Carvalho, Taciana Toledo de Almeida Albuquerque
Summary: This study evaluated and quantified atmospheric emissions from vehicle sources in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The research found that exhaust emissions were the main source, with NOx and CO being the most emitted pollutants. Light commercial vehicles and ethanol cars were significant contributors to the emissions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shimul Roy, Yun Fat Lam, Ngo Tho Hung, Johnny C. L. Chan, Joshua S. Fu
Summary: The emission inventories for Vietnam Thermal Power Plants developed in 2010 and 2015 showed coal-fired power plants had the highest emissions and the largest uncertainty in NOx. The Red River Delta region had the largest emissions of CO2, N2O, SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, BC, and OC from coal-fired TPPs, while the Southeast region had the largest sources of CO, NMVOC, and CH4 caused by gas-fired TPPs. The growths of NOx, CO, NMVOC, PM10, PM2.5, BC, OC, CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions increased significantly from 2010 to 2015, while there was a 19% reduction in SO2 emissions due to the decommissioning of oil-fired TPPs.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Venelin Todorov, Ivan Dimov
Summary: Currently, many regions have adopted strategies to limit and decrease air pollution levels across borders, with environmental protection being a global priority. Sensitivity analysis is crucial in validating air pollution models for accuracy and reliability. This study introduces two new digital sequences methods that significantly improve the measurement of sensitivity indices in digital ecosystems.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Haotian Zheng, Xing Chang, Shuxiao Wang, Shengyue Li, Dejia Yin, Bin Zhao, Guanghan Huang, Lyuyin Huang, Yueqi Jiang, Zhaoxin Dong, Yicong He, Cheng Huang, Jia Xing
Summary: Emissions of organic compounds have significant impacts on the environment. Previous emission inventories focused on only a portion of these compounds, neglecting the contribution of semivolatile and intermediate volatile organic compounds to organic aerosol burden. This study developed a comprehensive emission inventory for China from 2005 to 2019, revealing changes in the sources and formation potential of organic aerosols. Findings indicate a decline in emissions of low/extremely low/ultralow VOC and SVOC after 2014, while emissions from volatile chemical products increased significantly and became the dominant source. These results highlight the importance of considering VCP, residential biomass burning, and diesel vehicles in future air pollution control policies.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Amin Rezaei, Brian Caulfield
Summary: The study showed that AVs could significantly improve traffic quality, particularly by reducing stops, queue length, and delay time. Both TVs and AVs can efficiently share the road, with traffic quality improvement increasing as the proportion of AVs to TVs increases.
SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Brian Caulfield, Dylan Furszyfer, Agnieszka Stefaniec, Aoife Foley
Summary: The shift to electric vehicles is considered an important step to reduce carbon emissions in the transportation sector. However, challenges related to charging infrastructure, reliability, range, and environmental impact of batteries need to be addressed. This study analyzes the characteristics of private EV household charger population and finds that urban areas have higher concentrations of EV ownership while lower income categories may face financial barriers to adopting EVs.
Article
Transportation
John D. Nelson, Brian Caulfield
Summary: The design, management and operation of transport systems have become more complex since the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates the impact of COVID-19 on rural transport sector and travel behavior, highlighting potential opportunities for sustainable mobility solutions in the post-COVID world. While recognizing the short-term negative impacts, there may be opportunities for fostering new rural mobility solutions and changing mobility behaviors in response to modified work and activity patterns.
EUROPEAN TRANSPORT RESEARCH REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Christopher K. Manzira, Anna Charly, Brian Caulfield
Summary: COVID-19 has caused significant disruptions to transport systems worldwide, especially public transport. Understanding the relationship between mobility and the spread of the virus is crucial for building resilient and sustainable transport systems.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Rodolfo Benevenuto, Brian Caulfield
Summary: This paper addresses the impact evaluation of transport projects in the Brazilian context, using a quasi-experimental approach. The findings suggest that transport infrastructure projects contribute to the reduction of multidimensional poverty, as illustrated in the case study.
Review
Environmental Studies
Harrison Hampton, Aoife Foley, Dylan Furszyfer Del Rio, Beatrice Smyth, David Laverty, Brian Caulfield
Summary: This study reviews and summarizes the customer engagement trends in retail electricity markets, and proposes the policy recommendation of integrating market mechanisms and technology to ensure the operation of retail electricity markets and achieve a carbon-neutral society. The study also suggests future research directions to promote customer engagement in retail electricity market design.
ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Juan Manuel Gonzalez Sopena, Vikram Pakrashi, Bidisha Ghosh
Summary: This paper proposes a short-term wind power forecasting model based on spiking neural networks adapted to the computational abilities of neuromorphic devices. A case study is conducted using real wind power generation data from Ireland, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.
Article
Economics
Agnieszka Stefaniec, William Brazil, Warren Whitney, Brian Caulfield
Summary: A survey conducted in Ireland in 2021 reveals a high level of desire for remote work among office workers, especially those who perceive an increase in work productivity and non-work life quality. Additionally, some workers indicate a willingness to consider relocation for remote work.
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Brian Caulfield, Anna Charly
Summary: Since the pandemic, many workers have started working remotely, and this trend is predicted to continue. The development of remote working hubs has also become significant. This research examines several remote working hubs near Dublin city center and finds that users of these hubs drive an average of 60 km less per day and have more flexibility in their work schedule. The study also reveals substantial travel time and emissions savings from using remote working hubs.
Article
Economics
Christopher Lowans, Aoife Foley, Dylan Furszyfer Del Rio, Brian Caulfield, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Steven Griffiths, David Rooney
Summary: This study evaluates for the first time the overlapping conditions and causal mechanisms of energy poverty and transport poverty in Ireland, finding a widespread presence of both and a lack of public knowledge on related factors and solutions. Moreover, self-reported data does not align with expected outcomes. Therefore, precise targeting of individuals and households for support measures is not optimal for decarbonization and alleviating energy and transport poverty conditions, and some relevant policy implications are suggested.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Faheem Ahmed Malik, Robert Egan, Conor Mark Dowling, Brian Caulfield
Summary: As an alternative to traditional and electric vehicles, e-cargo bikes have the potential to improve urban logistics sustainability, especially for last-mile deliveries. This study models e-cargo bike trips from a small business rental scheme and assesses the effects of trip length and rainfall conditions on the attractiveness of e-cargo bikes as a mode of goods delivery. A hybrid modelling framework is built and evaluated through a case study in Dublin, Ireland. The study shows that small businesses prefer e-cargo bikes for goods delivery over longer distances in warmer and drier weather conditions. There is a strong interaction effect between weather and distance, with temperature exacerbating the deterring effect of wet weather.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
L. Kinsella, A. Stefaniec, A. Foley, B. Caulfield
Summary: The impacts of climate change have led to government commitments to implement policies to limit rising temperatures. One strategy is to phase out internal combustion engines in favor of electric vehicles, which various transportation services, including FREE NOW, have adopted. This study analyzes the composition of FREE NOW's taxi fleet in Dublin in 2021 and examines the emissions reduction achievable by fully electrifying the fleet. Different scenarios involving different vehicle powertrain and fuel configurations were modeled using an emissions tool. Results show a 77% decrease in carbon dioxide emissions from complete electrification. Multi-criteria analysis was used to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of each scenario. The S5 scenario, consisting of electric vehicles only, scored highest on many criteria. S-5 was identified as the best option for the taxi fleet, followed closely by S-4 which involved upgrading to plug-in hybrid EVs. The study highlights the need for infrastructure improvements to achieve the all-EV target by 2030 in Dublin.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Anna Charly, Nikita Jayan Thomas, Aoife Foley, Brian Caulfield
Summary: This research uses a Geographic Information System (GIS) based approach to identify suitable locations for community Electric Vehicle charging points. The charging infrastructure is categorized into three types - shared-residential, en-route, and destination charging - with selection criteria based on targeted end-users' characteristics. The study identifies 770 ideal locations in Dublin for initial charging infrastructure installation, and 3080 sites for later implementation to meet the charging requirements projected by the Dublin Local Authority for 2030. The population served by proposed residential charging points is determined based on convenience of accessibility within a five-minute walk or five-minute cycle. The study's findings can be valuable for practitioners deploying charging stations in the region, and the proposed methodology can be adapted globally in similar cities.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Timilehin B. Aderinola, Hananeh Younesian, Darragh Whelan, Brian Caulfield, Georgiana Ifrim
Summary: This study evaluates the accuracy of markerless motion capture (MMC) with a single smartphone in measuring bilateral and unilateral countermovement jump (CMJ) height.
IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Economics
Paraic Carroll, Rodolfo Benevenuto, Brian Caulfield
Summary: This paper explores the concepts of car dependency and transport disadvantage and the correlation between them in rural Ireland, highlighting potential cases of forced car ownership. It discusses the societal and cultural challenges associated with the prevalence of private cars as the primary mode of transportation in rural areas, and how low transport accessibility and income can lead to forced car ownership. The gap between transportation necessity and reliable public transport provision in rural Ireland is analyzed as a major determinant of forced car ownership.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lars odegaard Bentsen, Narada Dilp Warakagoda, Roy Stenbro, Paal Engelstad
Summary: This study investigates uncertainty modeling in wind power forecasting using different parametric and non-parametric methods. Johnson's SU distribution is found to outperform Gaussian distributions in predicting wind power. This research contributes to the literature by introducing Johnson's SU distribution as a candidate for probabilistic wind forecasting.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xing Liu, Qiuchen Wang, Yunhao Wen, Long Li, Xinfang Zhang, Yi Wang
Summary: This study analyzes the characteristics of process parameters in three lean gas ethane recovery processes and establishes a prediction and multiobjective optimization model for ethane recovery and system energy consumption. A new method for comparing ethane recovery processes for lean gas is proposed, and the addition of extra coolers improves the ethane recovery. The support vector regression model based on grey wolf optimization demonstrates the highest prediction accuracy, and the multiobjective multiverse optimization algorithm shows the best optimization performance and diversity in the solutions.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Cairong Song, Haidong Yang, Xian-Bing Meng, Pan Yang, Jianyang Cai, Hao Bao, Kangkang Xu
Summary: The paper proposes a novel deep learning-based prediction framework, aTCN-LSTM, for accurate cooling load predictions. The framework utilizes a gate-controlled multi-head temporal convolutional network and a sparse probabilistic self-attention mechanism with a bidirectional long short-term memory network to capture both temporal and long-term dependencies in the cooling load sequences. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method, which can serve as an effective guide for HVAC chiller scheduling and demand management initiatives.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhe Chen, Xiaojing Li, Xianli Xia, Jizhou Zhang
Summary: This study uses survey data from the Loess Plateau in China to evaluate the impact of social interaction on the adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC) technology by farmers. The study finds that social interaction increases the likelihood of farmers adopting SWC, and internet use moderates this effect. The positive impact of social interaction on SWC adoption is more pronounced for farmers in larger villages and those who join cooperative societies.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2024)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chenghua Zhang, Yunfei Yan, Kaiming Shen, Zongguo Xue, Jingxiang You, Yonghong Wu, Ziqiang He
Summary: This paper reports a novel method that significantly improves combustion performance, including heat transfer enhancement under steady-state conditions and adaptive stable flame regulation under velocity sudden increase.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2024)
