Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tinh Thi Nguyen, Peter Baumann, Oliver Tuescher, Sandra Schick, Kristina Endres
Summary: The gut and the brain communicate through various channels and interactions, collectively known as the gut-brain axis. The aging of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the gut can lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction and contribute to age-related diseases of the brain. Understanding the mechanisms of the aging ENS can provide insights into the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
David A. C. Messerer, Thomas Datzmann, Anke Baranowsky, Leandra Peschel, Andrea Hoffmann, Michael Groeger, Michael Amling, Martin Wepler, Benedikt L. Nussbaum, Shan Jiang, Paul Knapstein, Antonia Donat, Enrico Calzia, Peter Radermacher, Johannes Keller
Summary: The study found that CGRP receptor antagonism with olcegepant was not beneficial in a porcine model of polymicrobial sepsis, which closely mimics human sepsis.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adriano Bonura, Nicoletta Brunelli, Marilena Marcosano, Gianmarco Iaccarino, Luisa Fofi, Fabrizio Vernieri, Claudia Altamura
Summary: The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with complex systemic impact beyond nociception. It plays a crucial role in vasodilation, inflammation, intestinal motility, and apoptosis. CGRP has contradictory effects, acting as a potent vasodilator in the cardiovascular system but not inducing arterial hypertension. It also exhibits both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects as an immunomodulator.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sabrina S. B. Poon, Lin Y. Hung, Qinglong Wu, Pavitha Parathan, Nazli Yalcinkaya, Anthony Haag, Ruth Ann Luna, Joel C. Bornstein, Tor C. Savidge, Jaime P. P. Foong
Summary: Infants and young children have the highest exposure to antibiotics globally. Early life exposure to antibiotics increases susceptibility to various diseases, especially gut disorders. This study on mice found that neonatal antibiotic treatment has long-term effects on gut function, the enteric nervous system, gut microbiota, and mucosal serotonin levels in young adulthood.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qichang Wang, Haotian Qin, Jiapeng Deng, Huihui Xu, Su Liu, Jian Weng, Hui Zeng
Summary: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide initially known for its vasodilatory and nociceptive effects. Recent research has revealed its close association with bone metabolism and shown CGRP to be a bridge between the nervous system and the skeletal muscle system. CGRP can promote osteogenesis, inhibit bone resorption, stimulate vascular growth, and regulate the immune microenvironment. Various signaling pathways, including the G protein-coupled pathway, MAPK, Hippo, and NF-κB, play a role in CGRP's effects on cell proliferation and differentiation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the bone repair effects of CGRP and discusses therapeutic approaches such as drug injection, gene editing, and novel bone repair materials.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ilana D. Breen, Caitlin M. Brumfiel, Meera H. Patel, Richard J. Butterfield, Juliana H. VanderPluym, Leroy Griffing, Mark R. Pittelkow, Aaron R. Mangold
Summary: The study found that microvascular complications of CGRP antagonist use in patients with underlying RP are uncommon, but caution is still needed when considering the use of these agents in these patients.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Michael L. Garelja, Tyla I. Alexander, Amy Bennie, Mhairi Nimick, Jakeb Petersen, Christopher S. Walker, Debbie L. Hay
Summary: This study demonstrates that erenumab can antagonize both CGRP and AMY(1) receptors, providing insights into the clinical profile of erenumab.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Stephen E. Mercer, Prasad V. Chaturvedula, Charles M. Conway, Deborah A. Cook, Carl D. Davis, Sokhom S. Pin, Robert Macci, Richard Schartman, Laura J. Signor, Kimberly A. Widmann, Valerie J. Whiterock, Ping Chen, Cen Xu, John J. Herbst, Walter A. Kostich, George Thalody, John E. Macor, Gene M. Dubowchik
Summary: CGRP receptor antagonist zavegepant has demonstrated efficacy in acute migraine treatment but with low oral bioavailability. By designing a series of compounds, researchers have successfully improved oral bioavailability of a compound while maintaining high affinity binding and in vivo efficacy.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink, Gisela M. Terwindt, Joshua M. Cohen, Steve Barash, Verena Ramirez Campos, Maja Galic, Xiaoping Ning, Mikko Karppa
Summary: The efficacy of fremanezumab in reducing migraine and headache days, acute medication use, and disability was demonstrated in patients with difficult-to-treat migraine, regardless of age or sex, according to the FOCUS study.
JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-hao Zhang, Xiao-bo Zhang, Yu-bao Lu, Yi-cun Hu, Xiang-yi Chen, De-chen Yu, Jin-tao Shi, Wen-huan Yuan, Jing Wang, Hai-yu Zhou
Summary: This study found that the expression of CGRP in the femur of osteoporotic patients was downregulated, while the expression of CGRP and serotonin in the spinal cord and brainstem was increased. These results suggest that the activation of osteoclasts may trigger the release of CGRP from sensory nerve fibers and promote serotonin release in the spinal cord and brainstem, contributing to bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Twan Sia, Taylor Webb, Shufeng Li, Leon S. Moskatel, Anne Lynn S. Chang
Summary: This exploratory retrospective study examined the effect of CGRP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on rosacea in patients with migraines. The majority of patients experienced improvement in rosacea severity after receiving CGRP mAbs. Prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the use of CGRP mAbs in rosacea.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Andrea Toschi, Giorgia Galiazzo, Andrea Piva, Claudio Tagliavia, Gemma Mazzuoli-Weber, Roberto Chiocchetti, Ester Grilli
Summary: The endocannabinoid system plays a key role in targeting cancer, pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammatory diseases. Cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors are widely distributed in the enteric neurons of the pig myenteric plexus, suggesting a potential therapeutic use in treating motility disorders in livestock.
Editorial Material
Physiology
Kimberly D. Mackenzie, Mario Ortega, Yoel Kessler, Verena Ramirez Campos, Lynda J. Krasenbaum, Karen Carr, Xiaoping Ning, Jennifer Stratton
Summary: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway-targeted treatments are effective for preventing and treating migraines, but may cause constipation. However, limited data from a review article do not support the claim that constipation occurs in more than 50% of patients treated with CGRP pathway-targeted treatments.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wei Ning, Ge Gao, Yong Zhou, Wen-qun Li, Hui-hui Yang, Xiang-bing Duan, Xin Li, Yi-bo Gong, Dai Li, Ren Guo
Summary: This study investigated the protective effect of CGRP on sepsis-induced intestinal damage and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that CGRP inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, reduces inflammation, and protects intestinal barrier function. These findings provide valuable insights for drug development.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Linda Sangalli, Bradley Eli, Sachi Mehrotra, Suzan Sabagh, James Fricton
Summary: A bidirectional causal relationship has been found between temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and chronic headaches, which might result from the shared biomolecular mechanisms of peripheral and central sensitization. The initiation of these processes involves inflammation and is likely mediated by key molecules, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). This scoping review suggests that CGRP-mediated neuroinflammation in the trigeminal ganglion may partially explain the bidirectional link between TMDs and chronic headaches. The clinical implications of this neuropathologic process are also briefly discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)