期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
卷 48, 期 -, 页码 i80-i88出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy233
关键词
Infant nutrition disorders; birthweight; body height; anthropometry; socioeconomic factors; Cohort studies
资金
- Wellcome Trust
- International Development Research Center
- World Health Organization
- Overseas Development Administration of the United Kingdom
- European Union
- Brazilian National Support Program for Centers of Excellence (PRONEX)
- Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
- Science and Technology Department (DECIT) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health
- Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS)
- Brazilian Pastorate of the Child
- Brazilian Association for Collective Health (ABRASCO)
Background Levels of child undernutrition have declined in many middle-income countries, whereas overweight and obesity have increased. We describe time trends in nutritional indicators at age 1year in the 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohorts. Methods Each study included all children born in the urban area of the city, with over 4 200 births in each cohort. Children were measured at approximately 12months of age. Anthropometric indicators were calculated according to World Health Organization Growth Standards. Stunting and wasting were defined as <-2 Z scores for length for age and weight for length, and overweight as >2 Z scores for weight for length. Prevalence was stratified by sex, maternal skin colour and family income. Results The prevalence of stunting declined by 53% (from 8.3% to 3.9%) from 1982 to 2015. Wasting prevalence remained stable at low levels (1.8% in 1982 and 1.7% in 2015), whereas overweight increased by 88% (6.5% to 12.2%). Undernutrition was more common among boys, those born to mothers with brown or black skin colour and in the poorest quintile of families. Socioeconomic inequalities in undernutrition decreased markedly over time. Overweight was markedly more common among the rich in 1982, but fast increase among the poor eliminated socioeconomic differences by 2015, when all groups showed similar prevalence. Conclusions Our results confirm the rapid nutrition transition in Brazil, with marked reduction in levels and inequalities in undernutrition in parallel with a rapid increase in overweight, which became the main nutritional problem for children.
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