Prevalence of incontinence among cognitively impaired older residents in long-term care facilities in East Asia: A cross-sectional study

Aim The current study was an international cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence of incontinence among cognitively impaired older residents in long-term care facilities in East Asia, including Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan and Thailand between 2015 and 2016. Methods Participants were cognitively impaired older residents in long-term care facilities. Demographic data were collected. The Clinical Dementia Rating scale was used to assess dementia severity, and the Barthel Index was used as a surrogate measure of incontinence and toilet use dependence. The prevalence of urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence were examined. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to predict incontinence and toilet use dependence. Results We analyzed data from 662 participants (age 82.6 +/- 9.9 years, 57.6% women). The prevalence of urinary incontinence ranged from 10.1% in Taiwan to 71.0% in Korea. The prevalence of fecal incontinence varied from 4.0% in Taiwan to 57.0% in Korea. A higher Clinical Dementia Rating score was a significant predictor of urinary and fecal incontinence and toilet use dependence (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The current survey showed a high prevalence of incontinence in long-term care residents in East Asia, and identified challenges for future studies. Development of clinical guidelines for incontinence care in cognitively impaired older persons is urgently required. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 444-450.