Article
Energy & Fuels
Mingqiang Chen, Wei Dai, Yishuang Wang, Zhiyuan Tang, Hong Li, Chang Li, Zhonglian Yang, Jun Wang
Summary: In this study, a series of Mn-Mo/SEP catalysts with different Mn/Mo ratios were prepared and applied to the catalytic depolymerization of lignin in supercritical ethanol systems. The results showed that the Mn/Mo ratios could regulate the catalyst performance and affect the yield and selectivity of the products. Among the catalysts tested, 3Mn1Mo/SEP exhibited excellent catalytic performance with high lignin yield and selectivity to phenols.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaomeng Dou, Wenzhi Li, Chaofeng Zhu
Summary: A novel ZnCoOx nanoplate catalyst was prepared for the efficient depolymerization of Kraft lignin into liquid fuels, demonstrating the potential for sustainable utilization of lignin.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Minghao Zhou, Chengjun Tang, Haihong Xia, Jing Li, Junli Liu, Jianchun Jiang, Jun Zhao, Xiaohui Yang, Changzhou Chen
Summary: A strategy has been developed to immobilize non-noble metal particles on supports using metal-organic frameworks as precursors. The addition of Ni enhanced the acid sites of the MOF catalyst, resulting in improved catalytic activity and the ability to break down lignin into high value-added products. The Ni/C-10 catalyst also exhibited excellent desulfurization ability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bingyue Tang, Wenzhi Li, Xia Zhang, Baikai Zhang, Hao Zhang, Cunshuo Li
Summary: Via controlled oxidation, MoO3 with oxygen vacancies was synthesized and employed as a catalyst for the depolymerization of Kraft lignin in a new solvent system without external hydrogen gas. The optimized catalyst and hydrogen-donor solvent system resulted in high yield of soluble products and increased heating value of liquid fuels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenbo Li, Yilin Wang, Dongchen Li, Jiachi Jiang, Kunlan Li, Kaili Zhang, Qingda An, Shangru Zhai, Ligang Wei
Summary: The oxidative depolymerization of alkali lignin in the [C(2)C(1)im]OAc system under mild conditions was successful, with the addition of water further improving reaction efficiency. The system allowed for the breakdown of specific inter-unit linkages of lignin, resulting in residual lignin with low molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index. The [C(2)C(1)im]OAc-based system proved to be a simple and efficient catalytic system for lignin oxidative depolymerization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenliang Wang, Jiale Huang, Yishuai Fu, Weikun Jiang, Yutong Chen, Yujun Ma, Sizhe Han
Summary: In this study, a 3D porous Fe-MoS2/CMF catalyst with nanoflower microstructure was successfully synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method, which effectively improved the yield of target monophenols and enhanced the economic competitiveness of lignin valorization. Experimental results revealed that Fe doping increased the efficiency of the catalytic conversion reaction and promoted the cleavage of the beta-O-4 ether bond, in line with theoretical calculations. Finite element simulation also demonstrated that the Fe-MoS2/CMF catalysts can create hot spots on the surface to enhance the local thermal effect, facilitating the lignin vapor reforming.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mingqiang Chen, Zhiyuan Tang, Yishuang Wang, Jingjing Shi, Chang Li, Zhonglian Yang, Jun Wang
Summary: Phosphorus-modified Mo/Sepiolite catalysts can regulate Kraft lignin conversion, reducing lignin oil yield and HHV while significantly increasing the productivity of phenolic compounds. The optimized distribution between Mo5+ sites and acid strength/type in 5P-Mo/SEP results in lignin oil with a higher HHV compared to Kraft lignin.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ashutosh Agarwal, Young-Tae Jo, Jeong-Hun Park
Summary: The study found that the simultaneous effect of microwave-ultrasound irradiations significantly increased the bio-oil yield from Kraft lignin depolymerization by reducing the repolymerization of reaction intermediates. This led to a higher quality and quantity of bio-oil compared to the individual microwave and ultrasound irradiation processes.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ge Guo, Dong Chen, Tauseef Ahmed, Xiaomeng Dou, Kun Chen, Wenzhi Li
Summary: In this study, a catalytic system using bifunctional molybdenum oxide based supported catalyst was developed for the conversion of Kraft lignin into valuable compounds with high yield and improved calorific value. Characterization studies revealed the synergistic effect between redox sites and acid sites due to the incorporation of MoOx species. The results suggest that the catalytic system shows promising potential for high-efficiency utilization of waste lignin.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Shreya Suresh, Vinatha Viswanathan, Malarvizhi Angamuthu, Gnana Prakash Dhakshinamoorthy, Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Amit Bhatnagar
Summary: This article introduces the sources of lignin and various methods for its conversion into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. Effective transformation of lignin into useful energy through different catalytic and non-catalytic treatments is a challenging yet important research topic.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ngoc Tuan Tran, Youngpyo Ko, Sungsoo Kim, Janghyuk Moon, Jae-Wook Choi, Kwang Ho Kim, Chang Soo Kim, Jeong-Myeong Ha, Heesuk Kim, Keunhong Jeong, Hyunjoo Lee, Chun-Jae Yoo
Summary: In this study, microwave irradiation was used for the phenolation of acid-insoluble Klason lignin. Microwave irradiation significantly reduced the reaction temperature and time without affecting the chemical structure of the phenolated lignin. Increasing the reaction temperature led to lignin decomposition, crosslinking, and phenolation. Increasing the phenol-to-lignin ratio enhanced lignin fragmentation and decreased molecular weight and glass transition temperature of the phenolated lignin. Density functional theory was used to explain the thermal and non-thermal effects of the electromagnetic field on the phenolation of Klason lignin. Phenolation greatly improved the solubility of Klason lignin in tetrahydrofuran and methanol, allowing for its adhesive application on various substrates.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Huiyan Zhang, Bingbing Luo, Kai Wu, Bo Zhao, Jiajun Yu, Siyu Wang, Yujie Tao
Summary: The ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of lignin using LC catalysts combined with HZSM-5 can enhance the aromatic yield. LC catalysts prepared under optimal conditions show excellent depolymerization performance for both lignin and biomass. The total aromatic yield is significantly improved by using the optimal LC catalyst combined with HZSM-5, and LC catalysts have good renewability.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Masud Rana, Theoneste Nshizirungu, Jeong-Hun Park
Summary: This study investigated the individual and combined effects of microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) processes on the depolymerization of sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin (SAHL) in a hybrid reactor. The combined use of MW and US processes resulted in higher yields of bio-oil and monomer production compared to individual use. Optimal conditions were determined through careful parameter selection and statistical analysis, demonstrating the potential of this method for converting lignin into aromatic chemicals. Future work will focus on continuous flow processes under similar optimized conditions.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Liyang Ma, Jillian L. Goldfarb, Qiulin Ma
Summary: This study investigates the use of aqueous [Bmim][OAc] for pretreatment of rice husk to lower the pyrolysis temperature and increase the yield and energy content of bio-oil. The pretreated rice husk showed enhanced mass yield and energy yield compared to untreated husk, with enriched desired components. The pretreatment process was found to expand the cellulose I lattice and contribute to the transformation of crystalline cellulose I to amorphous chains in rice husk, leading to the reduction in pyrolysis temperature. The recovery of [Bmim][OAc] using a potassium phosphate solution was also demonstrated. These findings provide new insights for achieving higher energy conversion efficiency from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. Rating: 7.5/10
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mingqiang Chen, Jinhui Zhang, Yishuang Wang, Zhiyuan Tang, Jingjing Shi, Chunsheng Wang, Zhonglian Yang, Jun Wang, Han Zhang
Summary: In this study, Mo/SEP catalysts were prepared by an incipient-wetness impregnation method and it was found that calcination at 400 degrees Celsius exhibited optimal catalytic activity, resulting in the highest lignin oil yield.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.