Mechanosynthesis, Optical, and Morphological Properties of MA, FA, Cs-SnX3 (X = I, Br) and Phase-Pure Mixed-Halide MASnIxBr3-x Perovskites

Chemical reactions induced by mechanical forces appear to be an efficient method for the synthesis of hybrid inorganic-organic functional materials under mild conditions. Herein, for the first time, we report the mechanochemical strategy for the synthesis of Sn-based halide perovskites with the formula of ASnX(3), where A can be methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA), or Cs cation, and a family of mixed-halide MASnI(x)Br(3-x) perovskites. The resulting crystalline mechanoperovskites were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. The air stability of the mechanochemically synthesized MASnI(3) without and with the use of a SnF2 additive was investigated by in situ pXRD measurements.