Article
Engineering, Chemical
Gang Guo, Lixing Zhang, Ting Li, Changhui Li, Ya Zhang, Hongxian Ren, Qijun Zheng, Zhenbo Tong, Aibing Yu
Summary: This paper proposes a new exhalation-assisted aerosol delivery method (EDM) for nasal administration, and investigates the transport phenomenon of aerosol drugs in the nasal cavity using numerical simulation and experiments. The results show that exhalation flow can prevent small-sized particles from entering the larynx and lower respiratory tract, reducing drug wastage and side effects. Compared with bi-direction nasal delivery method (BDM), EDM has the advantages of more uniform drug distribution and higher delivery efficiency, making it more promising for the treatment of central nervous system diseases, local diseases, and systemic diseases in the future.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Peng-Cheng Xu, Chong-Miao Zhang, Xiaochang C. Wang
Summary: This study investigated the spatial distribution of water aerosols and evaluated the health risk of Legionella pneumophila in specific spray scenarios. The results showed that the concentration of water aerosols declined sharply within 5 m from the nozzle and had significant differences beyond 5 m. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the concentration of Legionella pneumophila in water aerosols was the critical factor affecting the health risk.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shengwei Zhu, Tong Lin, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, John D. Spengler, Jelena Srebric
Summary: This study investigates the aerosol infection risk of COVID-19 in airport transportation vehicles and identifies acceptable operational conditions. The results show that the infection risk in the near-field (NF) is an order of magnitude higher than in the far-field (FF). Wearing masks is identified as an important and effective risk reduction measure.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Francesco Lucci, Edo Frederix, Arkadiusz K. Kuczaj
Summary: The study introduces a consistent modeling approach for nucleation and condensation of multispecies aerosols, developed through the publicly available AeroSolved software. Two complementary methods are proposed to solve the population balance equation and calculate particle size distribution, which are tested in various aerosol flow scenarios.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Mechanics
Mori Mani, Andrew J. Dorgan
Summary: In this review, the increasing use of computational fluid dynamics in the aerospace industry for designing and studying aircraft is discussed. The importance of geometry, turbulence models, numerical algorithms, mesh adaptation, and design optimization is highlighted. Challenges and suggestions for investment in each area are provided. The review concludes by envisioning a future where certification by analysis and model-based design are standard practices, and emphasizing the necessary steps to lead the industry in that direction.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wenjie Huang, Kailu Wang, Chi-Tim Hung, Kai-Ming Chow, Dominic Tsang, Raymond Wai-Man Lai, Richard Huan Xu, Eng-Kiong Yeoh, Chun Chen, Kin-Fai Ho
Summary: This study evaluated the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 isolation wards at Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong. Air and surface samples were collected and analyzed, confirming the contamination of the wards. Computational fluid dynamics simulations supported the possibility of airborne transmission. Additionally, the study found that the use of ceiling-mounted air cleaners was effective in reducing airborne transmission.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chun-Chih Chuang, Justus Kavita Mutuku, Chih-Che Chueh, Anurita Selvarajoo, Wei-Hsin Chen
Summary: This study developed a 3D out-of-plane layout for representing the accumulation of fine particulate matter in the lungs. The deposition of particles increased with the increase in respiration frequency and intensity. Particle deposition was more significant in the anterior bronchus, regardless of the respiratory state, and the total deposition fraction tended to increase with decreasing particle size.
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Thomas P. John, Claudio P. Fonte, Adam Kowalski, Thomas L. Rodgers
Summary: In this study, an angular momentum balance combined with computational fluid dynamics was used to correlate the power, flow, and mixer geometry of down-pumping pitched blade turbine geometries. The models developed from the results allow the prediction of power from flow (or vice versa) for different geometries, and it was found that the choice of measurement method can affect the relationship between power, flow, and impeller geometry.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kirill Mikhaylov, Stelios Rigopoulos, George Papadakis
Summary: The study combines reduced order modeling and system identification to reconstruct the temporal evolution of large-scale vortical structures behind the blades of a Rushton impeller. The results demonstrate that even using the velocity time signal from a single sensor point, the first pair of modes can be reconstructed well. Increasing the number of sensor points improves accuracy and stability, leading to better reconstruction of the second pair of POD modes. The estimator derived at Reynolds number 600 shows robustness when applied to flows at Reynolds numbers 500 and 700.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yue Pan, Chun Chen
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between particle deposition and near-wall turbulence quantities through experimental measurements and numerical simulations, finding that a new turbulence quantity was most closely correlated with the particle deposition velocity among the three near-wall quantities.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Meir Teitel, Shay Ozer, Vered Mendelovich
Summary: This study presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of airflow, temperature, and humidity patterns in an insect-proof screenhouse. The results showed significant differences in airflow in the upper region of the screenhouse, with large-scale rotating airflow formed in the center. The leeward section was found to be warmer and have a lower humidity ratio compared to the windward section.
BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
M. Konstantinov, D. Schmeling, C. Wagner
Summary: Results of simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) show the formation and spreading of unsteady aerosols in a ventilated train compartment. Various models are used to simulate unsteady flows, including the transient two-phase atomization process and thermal convection. The simulations predict the dispersion of droplets exhaled during respiratory events such as coughing, speaking, and breathing with or without a mask. The results indicate that coughing leads to aerosol particles propagating twice as deep in the compartment compared to speaking, 2.5 times deeper than free breathing, and 17 times deeper than breathing with a mask. Additionally, only about 6% of active aerosol particles remain in the compartment 2 minutes after the end of the coughing event.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hayder A. Alhameedi, Joseph D. Smith, Paul Ani, Tanner Powley
Summary: In this study, a new air-assisted flare tip was designed to enhance waste gas mixing energy and improve flare performance. Tests showed high combustion efficiency and significant soot formation suppression, indicating the effectiveness of the new flare tip design.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Avishka Wickramarachchi, Mehrdad Khamooshi, Aidan Burrell, Vincent A. Pellegrino, David M. Kaye, Shaun D. Gregory
Summary: This study investigated the impact of tip position of single-stage (SS) and multi-stage (MS) venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) drainage cannulae on the risk of thrombosis. Computational fluid dynamics was used to model flow dynamics, and several factors were measured to assess the risk of thrombosis. The results showed that the tip position of the drainage cannula had a significant impact on thrombosis risk.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Jie Chen, Min Zhu, Rikui Zhang, Jingyin Li
Summary: The transient launching process of a torpedo in a deep-sea simulator is a complex problem, involving fluid-solid coupling, projectile movement, and gap flow. This study improves the accuracy of computation results by considering the complete inner structure of the launching channel and using advanced mesh update methods. The acoustic computations based on the simulated flow field provide insights into the acoustic characteristics of launching noise.
APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hooman Hadidi, Reza Kamali, Alireza Binesh
Summary: This study focused on investigating the gating effects of the selectivity filter in AQP2 and the impact of mutations on its structure. By analyzing free energy and permeability, the wide/narrow states of the SF region were identified and energy barriers caused by mutants were observed. The findings suggest that SF plays a dual role as a selectivity filter and gating site in AQP2, influencing water permeability.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh, Neda Khalili, Amirreza Khalaji, Pouya Behnam, Leila Alizadeh, Sara Ebrahimi, Neda Gilani, Mehdi Mohammadi, Seyed Alisalar Madinehzadeh, Mohammad Zarei
Summary: This study found that circulating levels of GLP-1 were lower in patients with liver cirrhosis compared to healthy controls, and were associated with the severity of liver disease.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Niloofar Zare, Mohammad K. D. Manshadi, Reza Kamali
Summary: Researchers have proposed a novel ICEK micromixer with two hurdles, and optimized their positions using the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm.
IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Reza Kamali, Saeed Dadashi, Jalal Dehghannya, Hossein Ghaffari
Summary: The study investigated the effects of drying air temperature on the physicochemical properties of the final powder during foam-mat drying of unripe banana pulp. It was found that higher temperatures led to increased drying rates, water-solubility index, and total color difference in the powder.
JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
K. Derakhshanpour, R. Kamali, M. Eslami
Summary: The study conducted 3-Dimensional numerical simulations to analyze laminar fluid flow and forced convection heat transfer through novel designs of microchannel heat sinks with cylindrical ribs. Incorporation of cylindrical ribs significantly enhanced heat transfer coefficient and reducing rib pitch had a greater effect on improving hydrothermal performance. Additionally, double-layered microchannels showed higher convection heat transfer coefficient and double-layered-design 1 microchannels performed the best with increased mass flow rate.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hooman Hadidi, Reza Kamali
Summary: In this study, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the effects of external electric fields on the gating mechanism and water permeability of human aquaporin-2 (AQP2). The results showed that different directions of the electric field can lead to varied conformations of the selectivity filter region in AQP2, affecting water molecule translocation and permeability.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Farideh Salimian Rizi, Shahram Talebi, Mehdi Mohammadi
Summary: This paper proposes a design framework for separating particles such as red blood cells and exosomes on a single chip, using a low voltage direct current electric field to generate vortices for particle trapping. The results demonstrate that the generated vortices are strong enough to trap both micro and nanoparticles, with the chip having advantages of low voltage requirement and easy manufacture.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Ali Pormohammad, Mohammad Zarei, Saied Ghorbani, Mehdi Mohammadi, Saeideh Aghayari Sheikh Neshin, Alireza Khatami, Diana L. Turner, Shirin Djalalinia, Seied Asadollah Mousavi, Heydar Ali Mardani-Fard, Amir Kasaeian, Raymond J. Turner
Summary: This study supports the short-term effectiveness of vaccines, especially mRNA-based vaccines, in preventing Delta variant infection, hospitalization, severe infection, and death.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Farhad Zare, Ehsan Aalaei, Farzad Zare, Mohammad Faramarzi, Reza Kamali
Summary: This study focuses on the use of a nasal spray device with an angled tip to improve drug delivery to the lower regions of the nasal cavity. The results demonstrate that the spray with the angled tip significantly increased the deposition percentage in the inferior meatus cavity, leading to better targeted drug delivery efficiency.
COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Mohammad Hassan Tavangar, Reza Kamali
Summary: In this study, a hybrid Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method combined with Direct Monte Carlo Simulation (DSMC) was proposed to investigate the interactions between electrons and the electrostatic field. The effects of the electric field on electron behavior and field distribution in a low-pressure capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) reactor were studied. The research provides valuable insights for optimizing reactors and related processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mehdi Mohammadi, Stephanie L. Bishop, Raied Aburashed, Saad Luqman, Ryan A. Groves, Dominique G. Bihan, Thomas Rydzak, Ian A. Lewis
Summary: Metabolomics is a popular approach in microbial metabolism research, and quantification of metabolic boundary fluxes is one of its emerging applications. By quantifying metabolic boundary fluxes, complex metabolic phenotypes can be rapidly captured, computational models can be developed, and it can be used in clinical diagnostics. Quantifying metabolic boundary fluxes requires minimal sample processing, which is advantageous compared to traditional intracellular metabolite level analysis.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Farideh Salimian Rizi, Shahram Talebi, Mohammad K. D. Manshadi, Mehdi Mohammadi
Summary: Bloodstream infections have a high mortality rate, and the inability to detect pathogens quickly is a major factor contributing to this. Finding an effective method for separating bacteria from the blood is crucial, and the insulator-based technique shows promise in increasing separation efficiency. By utilizing dielectrophoresis in a microchannel, different sizes of bacteria can be successfully sorted.
SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Farideh Salimian Rizi, Shahram Talebi, Mohammad K. D. Manshadi, Mehdi Mohammadi
Summary: Bloodstream infection is a life-threatening condition causing a significant number of deaths and infections annually in North America. The current study proposes a bacterial enrichment and separation approach using insulator-based dielectrophoresis to accelerate the diagnosis of infection. The model demonstrates efficient separation of particles based on size, preventing the accumulation of larger particles in the channel.
BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Alireza Beiki, Reza Kamali
Summary: In this paper, various multiscale convolutional autoencoder architectures are analyzed for reduced-order modeling of turbulent flow and water column collapse. The importance of multiscale convolution design for precision is demonstrated. However, the large number of training parameters in multiscale convolution increases computational cost. To address this issue, modified convolution is proposed to reduce training parameters. Separable convolution yields the most efficient results in terms of accuracy and GRU has fewer parameters than LSTM while maintaining the same accuracy.
IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ali Pormohammad, Andrea Firrincieli, Daniel A. Salazar-Aleman, Mehdi Mohammadi, Dave Hansen, Martina Cappelletti, Davide Zannoni, Mohammad Zarei, Raymond J. Turner
Summary: The constant, ever-increasing antibiotic resistance crisis requires urgent development of novel antibiotics according to the World Health Organization. Silver-tellurite combination treatment shows promising synergistic antibacterial activity, surpassing common antibiotics and reducing the risk of future resistance chance. The mechanism involves targeting cellular processes and amplifying changes. Adding tellurite improves the efficacy of silver in biomedical applications, providing alternative antimicrobial options with greater stability and lower toxicity.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)