Article
Immunology
Min Kang, Mark Zanin, Sook-San Wong
Summary: H3N2 influenza A viruses have been dominant in the Western Pacific region since the H1N1 pandemic. Low vaccine effectiveness, especially for A(H3N2), has been reported due to antigenic mismatch between the vaccine and circulating viral strains. Strategies to improve this include new vaccine platforms that may provide better protection.
Article
Immunology
Salma Assil, Thomas P. Buters, Pieter W. Hameeteman, Charlie Hallard, Nicoline Treijtel, Tessa van der Kolk, Marieke L. de Kam, Edwin F. I. I. I. Florencia, Errol P. Prens, Martijn B. A. van Doorn, Robert Rissmann, Naomi B. Klarenbeek, Manon A. A. Jansen, Matthijs Moerland
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the cellular, biochemical, and clinical effects of the marketed anti-inflammatory compound prednisolone in an IMQ model. The results showed that oral prednisolone can reduce IMQ-induced skin inflammation, highlighting the value of this model in clinical pharmacology studies of novel anti-inflammatory compounds.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Joseph Eiden, Bram Volckaert, Oleg Rudenko, Roger Aitchison, Renee Herber, Robert Belshe, Harry Greenberg, Kathleen Coelingh, David Marshall, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Gabriele Neumann, Pamuk Bilsel
Summary: This study demonstrates that vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies can protect against infection and illness from different virus strains. It is the first evidence of vaccine-induced protection against a highly drifted H3N2 challenge virus.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Eleni Vatzia, Katherine Feest, Adam McNee, Tanuja Manjegowda, B. Veronica Carr, Basudev Paudyal, Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. A. Maze, Amy Mccarron, Susan Morris, Helen E. E. Everett, Ronan MacLoughlin, Francisco J. J. Salguero, Teresa Lambe, Sarah C. C. Gilbert, Elma Tchilian
Summary: The study found that immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus and modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines expressing conserved influenza virus proteins can provide enhanced immune responses against H3N2 influenza and reduce viral shedding and lung pathology. The results are significant for the development of a broadly protective influenza vaccine and will contribute to future vaccine and clinical trial design.
Article
Cell Biology
Ruipeng Lei, Andrea Hernandez Garcia, Timothy J. C. Tan, Qi Wen Teo, Yiquan Wang, Xiwen Zhang, Shitong Luo, Satish K. Nair, Jian Peng, Nicholas C. Wu
Summary: Influenza neuraminidase (NA) has different levels of tolerance to mutations, with antigenic regions showing high mutational tolerance and solvent-exposed regions showing low mutational tolerance. Protein stability is an important factor affecting the fitness of NA mutations. The study's findings on NA's evolutionary potential and biophysical constraints provide insights for NA-based vaccine design.
Article
Immunology
Alison Han, Lindsay Czajkowski, Luz Angela Rosas, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Yongli Xiao, Monica Gouzoulis, Keith Lumbard, Sally Hunsberger, Susan Reed, Rani Athota, Holly Ann Baus, Amy Lwin, Jerald Sadoff, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Matthew J. Memoli
Summary: The study suggests that using a monoclonal anti-stalk approach to prevent or treat influenza infection may have limited efficacy, and preexisting anti-NA antibody titers are most predictive of reducing influenza disease.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Frederik Broszeit, Rosanne J. van Beek, Luca Unione, Theo M. Bestebroer, Digantkumar Chapla, Jeong-Yeh Yang, Kelley W. Moremen, Sander Herfst, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Robert P. de Vries, Geert-Jan Boons
Summary: Recent studies have shown that A/H3N2 viruses have evolved binding specificity to certain receptors, leading to inability to agglutinate erythrocytes. Glycan remodeling approach enables installation of functional receptors on erythrocytes, facilitating vaccine design.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hyun-Jong Lee, Gwanghui Ryu, Ki-Il Lee
Summary: This study compared the symptomatic characteristics of influenza A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 subtypes in primary healthcare settings in Korea. The results showed that the H3N2-dominant season had higher average body temperature and more patients with high fever compared to the H1N1-dominant season. On the other hand, symptoms such as myalgia, cough, and sore throat were more common in the H1N1-dominant season. Antiviral drugs were prescribed to the majority of febrile patients in both seasons.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jing Tang, Qiumei Xu, Kang Tang, Xiaoyan Ye, Zicheng Cao, Min Zou, Jinfeng Zeng, Xinyan Guan, Jinglin Han, Yihan Wang, Lan Yang, Yishan Lin, Kaiao Jiang, Xiaoliang Chen, Yang Zhao, Dechao Tian, Chunwei Li, Wei Shen, Xiangjun Du
Summary: This study investigated the susceptibility difference of healthy adults to seasonal influenza A/H3N2 and found differences in immune condition between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The results not only improve our understanding of the immune system and influenza susceptibility, but also provide a new direction for precise and targeted prevention and therapy of influenza.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ashley M. Price, Brendan Flannery, H. Keipp Talbot, Carlos G. Grijalva, Karen J. Wernli, C. Hallie Phillips, Arnold S. Monto, Emily T. Martin, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean, Manjusha Gaglani, Manohar Mutnal, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Sara Y. Tartof, Ana Florea, Callie McLean, Sara S. Kim, Manish M. Patel, Jessie R. Chung
Summary: In the 2021-2022 season, influenza activity in the United States was mild enough to estimate the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine. Researchers found that the vaccine had an effectiveness of 36% against outpatient acute illness caused by A(H3N2) viruses.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Xueyun Li, Jia Liu, Zengzhao Qiu, Qijun Liao, Yani Peng, Yongkun Chen, Yuelong Shu
Summary: The study identified 54 canine-adaptive signatures in H3N2 CIVs and found that IAVs can establish persistent transmission more easily in lower mammals compared to higher mammals. Additionally, 25 common adaptation signatures of H3 IAVs were observed in diverse avian-mammals comparison.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mark W. Tenforde, Manish M. Patel, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Katherine Adams, Manjusha Gaglani, Jay S. Steingrub, Nathan Shapiro, Abhijit Duggal, Matthew E. Prekker, Ithan D. Peltan, David N. Hager, Michelle N. Gong, Matthew C. Exline, Adit A. Ginde, Nicholas M. Mohr, Christopher Mallow, Emily T. Martin, H. Keipp Talbot, Kevin W. Gibbs, Jennie H. Kwon, James D. Chappell, Natasha Halasa, Adam S. Lauring, Christopher J. Lindsell, Sydney A. Swan, Kimberly W. Hart, Kelsey N. Womack, Adrienne Baughman, Carlos G. Grijalva, Wesley H. Self
Summary: During the 2021-2022 US influenza season, circulating A(H3N2) viruses were antigenically different from the vaccine. The vaccine effectiveness against hospitalized illness was 26% (95% CI: -14-52%) for adults 18-64 years old and -3% (95% CI: -54-31%) for adults ≥ 65 years old. Our study showed that the influenza vaccine had some effectiveness in preventing hospitalization among immunocompetent adults aged 18-64, but provided no significant protection for adults ≥ 65.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruipeng Lei, Timothy J. C. Tan, Andrea Hernandez Garcia, Yiquan Wang, Meghan Diefenbacher, Chuyun Teo, Gopika Gopan, Zahra Tavakoli Dargani, Qi Wen Teo, Claire S. Graham, Christopher B. Brooke, Satish K. Nair, Nicholas C. Wu
Summary: The neuraminidase (NA) of human influenza H3N2 virus has rapidly evolved through accumulating mutations for over half a century. This study reveals that over 10% of natural mutations in the NA of a recent human H3N2 strain are deleterious for the ancestral strain. Mapping these permissive mutations uncovers an extensive epistatic network, with certain interactions explained by non-additive stability effects. The findings provide mechanistic insights into the evolution of human influenza NA and have implications for the development of next-generation influenza vaccines.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Virology
David Francis Burke
Summary: The genetic basis of antigenic drift of human A/H3N2 influenza virus is crucial to understanding the constraints of influenza evolution and determinants of vaccine escape. Amino acid changes at only seven positions near the receptor binding site of the surface hemagglutinin protein have been shown to be responsible for the major antigenic changes for over forty years. Experimental structures of HA are now available for the majority of the observed antigenic clusters of A/H3N2, providing a structural basis for the antigenic changes seen in human influenza viruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emmanuel S. Adabor
Summary: A machine-learning model based on distinguishing features of antigenic variants was developed to analyze antigenic similarity of influenza A (H3N2) viruses. All model parameters were statistically significant, achieving a 95% AUC, 94% accuracy, and 97% specificity, showing correlation with influenza vaccine effectiveness.
Article
Microbiology
Jae-Keun Park, Alison Han, Lindsay Czajkowski, Susan Reed, Rani Athota, Tyler Bristol, Luz Angela Rosas, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Matthew J. Memoli
Article
Immunology
Matthew J. Memoli, Alison Han, Kathie-Anne Walters, Lindsay Czajkowski, Susan Reed, Rani Athota, Luz Angela Rosas, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Jae-Keun Park, David M. Morens, John C. Kash, Jeffery K. Taubenberger
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Kathie-Anne Walters, Ruoqing Zhu, Michael Welge, Kelsey Scherler, Jae-Keun Park, Zainab Rahil, Hao Wang, Loretta Auvil, Colleen Bushell, Min Young Lee, David Baxter, Tyler Bristol, Luz Angela Rosas, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Lindsay Czajkowski, Alison Han, Matthew J. Memoli, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, John C. Kash
Article
Immunology
Olga Pleguezuelos, Emma James, Ana Fernandez, Victor Lopes, Luz Angela Rosas, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Jason Cleath, Kristina Edwards, Dana Neitzey, Wenjuan Gu, Sally Hunsberger, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Gregory Stoloff, Matthew J. Memoli
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jessica E. Manning, Fabiano Oliveira, Iliano V. Coutinho-Abreu, Samantha Herbert, Claudio Meneses, Shaden Kamhawi, Holly Ann Baus, Alison Han, Lindsay Czajkowski, Luz Angela Rosas, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Rani Athota, Susan Reed, Allyson Mateja, Sally Hunsberger, Emma James, Olga Pleguezuelos, Gregory Stoloff, Jesus G. Valenzuela, Matthew J. Memoli
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jae-Keun Park, Yongli Xiao, Mitchell D. Ramuta, Luz Angela Rosas, Sharon Fong, Alexis M. Matthews, Ashley D. Freeman, Monica A. Gouzoulis, Natalia A. Batchenkova, Xingdong Yang, Kelsey Scherler, Li Qi, Susan Reed, Rani Athota, Lindsay Czajkowski, Alison Han, David M. Morens, Kathie-Anne Walters, Matthew J. Memoli, John C. Kash, Jeffery K. Taubenberger
Article
Immunology
Alison Han, Lindsay Czajkowski, Luz Angela Rosas, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Yongli Xiao, Monica Gouzoulis, Keith Lumbard, Sally Hunsberger, Susan Reed, Rani Athota, Holly Ann Baus, Amy Lwin, Jerald Sadoff, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Matthew J. Memoli
Summary: The study suggests that using a monoclonal anti-stalk approach to prevent or treat influenza infection may have limited efficacy, and preexisting anti-NA antibody titers are most predictive of reducing influenza disease.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Luca T. Giurgea, Jae-Keun Park, Kathie-Anne Walters, Kelsey Scherler, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Ashley Freeman, Luz Angela Rosas, John C. Kash, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Matthew J. Memoli
Summary: The study found that the stability and activity of recombinant N1/N2 NA vaccine (NAV) did not directly correlate with immunogenicity and efficacy, as reassessed through immunization and viral challenge in mice. Mice vaccinated with NAV showed strong antibody responses against N1 and N2 and reduced viral titers and antiviral/inflammatory responses after influenza A (H1N1) virus challenge, underscoring the importance of NA in influenza vaccination strategies.
Article
Cell Biology
Felice D'Agnillo, Kathie-Anne Walters, Yongli Xiao, Zong-Mei Sheng, Kelsey Scherler, Jaekeun Park, Sebastian Gygli, Luz Angela Rosas, Kaitlyn Sadtler, Heather Kalish, Charles A. Blatti, Ruoqing Zhu, Lisa Gatzke, Colleen Bushell, Matthew J. Memoli, Steven J. O'Day, Trevan D. Fischer, Terese C. Hammond, Raymond C. Lee, J. Christian Cash, Matthew E. Powers, Grant E. O'Keefe, Kelly J. Butnor, Amy Rapkiewicz, William D. Travis, Scott P. Layne, John C. Kash, Jeffery K. Taubenberger
Summary: This study identified significant pulmonary pathological features in fatal COVID-19 cases, including progressive diffuse alveolar damage, excessive thrombosis, and delayed pulmonary tissue and vascular remodeling. Acute damage at the alveolar-capillary barrier was characterized by loss of surfactant protein expression and injury to various types of cells, such as alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells. These findings provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced respiratory distress.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)