期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
卷 38, 期 1, 页码 2-9出版社
AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A4922
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Third window abnormalities are defects in the integrity of the bony structure of the inner ear, classically producing sound-/pressure -induced vertigo (Tullio and Hennebert signs) and/or a low-frequency air-bone gap by audiometry. Specific anatomic defects include semicircular canal dehiscence, perilabyrinthine fistula, enlarged vestibular aqueduct, dehiscence of the scala vestibuli side of the cochlea, X-linked stapes gusher, and bone dyscrasias. We discuss these various entities and provide key examples from our institutional teaching file with a discussion of symptomatology, temporal bone CT, audiometry, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials.
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