Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mun Sik Jeong, Tak Min Park, Seunggyu Choi, Seok-Jae Lee, Jeongho Han
Summary: A novel resetting process is proposed in this study to recover the reduced ductility of cold-worked medium-Mn steels by restoring the original microstructure of the steel through simple heat treatment. The ductility of the reset steel is successfully recovered and its strength is improved, simplifying the manufacturing process of automotive components with conflicting attributes.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mun Sik Jeong, Tak Min Park, Dong-Il Kim, Hidetoshi Fujii, Hye Ji Im, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Seung-Joon Lee, Jeongho Han
Summary: This work demonstrated the viability of friction stir welding for the welding of medium-Mn steels when used as cryogenic vessel materials for liquefied gas storage. The friction stir welded steel exhibited improved microstructure and impact toughness compared to tungsten inert gas welding. The presence of gamma R phase and nanoscale globular microstructure in the weld zone contributed to the enhanced impact toughness at low temperatures.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tak Min Park, Mun Sik Jeong, Chanwon Jung, Won Seok Choi, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Jeongho Han
Summary: By adding a micro-alloying element and forming precipitates, the steel exhibits higher strength without sacrificing ductility compared to steel without precipitates. The formation of precipitates changes the microstructure of the steel and enhances the strain hardening rate, leading to higher tensile strength.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Aniruddha Dutta, Tak Min Park, Jae-Hoon Nam, Sang-In Lee, Byoungchul Hwang, Won Seok Choi, Stefanie Sandloebes, Dirk Ponge, Jeongho Han
Summary: This study reveals that strain partitioning control is essential for improving the mechanical response of medium-Mn steels. By conducting micro digital image correlation analysis, it was found that intercritical annealing treatments can lead to enhanced strength, ductility, and toughness. The LA specimen, with smaller colonies of retained austenite grains, exhibits more homogeneous microstrain distribution and shows more globally TRIP and TWIP behaviors during plastic deformation.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
S. H. Sun, M. H. Cai, H. Ding, H. L. Yan, Y. Z. Tian, S. Tang, Peter Hodgson
Summary: This study reports a tri-phase hierarchical lamellar structure to achieve a balance between ultra-high yield strength and high ductility in a Si-Al added medium Mn lightweight TRIP/TWIP steel. By subjecting the warm-rolled sample to small cold rolling and low-temperature tempering, a nano-scale twins and martensitic laths were obtained in the austenitic matrix along with the hard delta-ferrite and nano-precipitates. The tempered sample exhibited a yield strength of 1403 MPa, which was 370 MPa higher than the warm-rolled counterpart. The propagation of plastic strain was confined by the hard zone (delta-ferrite), resulting in an intrinsic hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening effect. The large ductility of 30% was attributed to the elongation of the yield point and enhanced strain hardening after the Luders strain, which were closely associated with HDI hardening and additional TRIP/TWIP effects.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
K. M. H. Bhadhon, X. Wang, J. R. McDermid
Summary: This study found that the starting microstructure, intercritical annealing parameters, and Sn micro-alloying significantly influenced the mechanical properties of the steels. A martensitic starting microstructure resulted in a higher volume fraction of stable retained austenite, leading to the desired mechanical properties of third generation advanced high strength steels.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Seok Gyu Lee, Yong Hee Jo, Taejin Song, Hyoung Seop Kim, Byeong-Joo Lee, Seok Su Sohn, Sunghak Lee
Summary: In this study, a new design strategy of high-entropy-alloy-cored multi-layered sheet (MLS) was proposed, named HEA/high-Mn MLS, to enhance the tensile behavior of materials. The interface remained strongly bonded after tensile deformation at both room and cryogenic temperatures, forming unique microstructures that significantly improved both strength and ductility. This design shows potential for developing strong alloys for cryogenic applications with a good strength-ductility balance compared to other high-entropy or medium-entropy alloys.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mahsa Khorrami, Abbas Zarei Hanzaki, Hamid Reza Abedi, Mohammad Moallemi, Javad Mola, Guanghui Chen
Summary: The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties in Ni-free high N transformation induced plasticity steels at room temperature was studied in this work. Tensile properties were influenced by the Mn content and transformation routes, affecting strain hardening rate and ductility. The formation of martensite before plastic deformation reduced strain partitioning and load transition, while higher strain compatibility between austenite and ferrite resulted in improved uniform elongation and moderate strain hardening rate in the alloy with higher Mn content.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wenlu Yu, Lihe Qian, Xu Peng, Tongliang Wang, Kaifang Li, Chaozhang Wei, Zhaoxiang Chen, Fucheng Zhang, Jiangying Meng
Summary: By adding a small amount of Al, a medium-Mn steel with low Mn content of 2.7 wt.% was designed, which exhibited a large amount of retained austenite and persistent high strain hardening and superior mechanical properties during plastic deformation.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qixiang Jia, Lei Chen, Zhibin Xing, Haoyu Wang, Miao Jin, Xiang Chen, Howook Choi, Heung Nam Han
Summary: This study presents a novel approach to design the microstructure of medium Mn steel by adjusting the austenite stability using hetero-structures. By coupling different effects, the steel achieved an ultra-high tensile strength and good elongation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Rajib Kalsar, Soheil Sanamar, Norbert Schell, H. -G. Brokmeier, R. Saha, P. Ghosh, Satyam Suwas
Summary: This study proposes a pathway for generating optimum microstructure for medium Mn containing TWIP/TRIP steels. The two-phase microstructure consists of austenite and ferrite phase arranged in a lamellar fashion. The feedback for the design of thermo-mechanical processing was obtained by conducting in-situ deformation using high energy synchrotron radiation. Diffraction patterns and X-ray line profile analysis were used to estimate the retained austenite phase fraction and other aspects of microstructural evolution. The study also analyzed the strain hardening behavior and its correlation with microstructural parameters.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wenlong Wu, Minghui Cai, Zeyu Zhang, Weigong Tian, Haijun Pan
Summary: The elevated temperature tensile behavior of a Nb-Mo microalloyed medium steel was investigated, and it was found that the ultimate tensile strength was significantly reduced with increasing deformation temperature, while the yield strength and total elongation values changed slightly. The best combination of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation was achieved at a deformation temperature of 50 degrees C.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
D. H. Chung, W. C. Kim, S. Y. Baek, M. H. Kim, Y. S. Na
Summary: In this study, a series of novel medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) were developed based on a thermodynamic approach, and one of the alloys was found to exhibit excellent strength and ductility at cryogenic temperatures. Experimental assessment and thermodynamic modeling quantitatively demonstrated the strength-ductility synergy derived from the interplay among plasticity mechanisms. Additionally, a model was proposed for evaluating the stacking fault energy of the alloys.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liu Shuai, Ge Yinlei, Li Dongdong, Li Ziyue, Feng Yunli, Zhang Fucheng
Summary: This study investigates the effects of grain refinement on the tensile properties, dynamic strain aging (DSA), and twinning behavior of Fe-16Mn-0.6C steel. The results show that decreasing the grain size enhances the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation of the steel. Grain refinement also increases the serration amplitude and local strain concentration of DSA, leading to a stronger DSA effect. Additionally, fine-grained steel exhibits delayed twinning behavior but continuously produces fine and dense twinning structures at high strains, contributing to the strain-hardening capacity and simultaneous increases in strength and ductility.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kazi M. H. Bhadhon, Xiang Wang, Elizabeth A. McNally, Joseph R. McDermid
Summary: The study found that the medium-Mn TRIP steel with a martensitic starting microstructure performed better in CGL processing, showing faster austenite reversion kinetics and carbon partitioning, providing stability for retained austenite to gradually transform into martensite through deformation, while forming nano-scale planar defects for a high work-hardening rate.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kihwan Kim, Inyoung Jeong, Yunae Cho, Donghyeop Shin, Soomin Song, Seung Kyu Ahn, Young-Joo Eo, Ara Cho, Chanwon Jung, William Jo, Jin Hyeok Kim, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Jihye Gwak, Jae Ho Yun
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Joohyun Lim, Se-Ho Kim, Raquel Aymerich Armengol, Olga Kasian, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Leigh T. Stephenson, Baptiste Gault, Christina Scheu
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2020)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Won Seok Choi, Hyun Seok Oh, Minjie Lai, Nataliya Malyar, Christoph Kirchlechner, Eun Soo Park, Pyuck-Pa Choi
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Changsoo Lee, Kihyun Shin, Chanwon Jung, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Graeme Henkelman, Hyuck Mo Lee
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Se-Ho Kim, Kyuseon Jang, Phil Woong Kang, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, Jae-Bok Seol, Chang-Min Kwak, Constantinos Hatzoglou, Francois Vurpillot, Pyuck-Pa Choi
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hye Ji Im, Subin Lee, Won Seok Choi, Surendra Kumar Makineni, Dierk Raabe, Won-Seok Ko, Pyuck-Pa Choi
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chanwon Jung, Biswanath Dutta, Poulumi Dey, Seong-jae Jeon, Seungwoo Han, Hyun-Mo Lee, Jin-Seong Park, Seong-Hoon Yi, Pyuck-Pa Choi
Summary: A novel method of fabricating nanostructured Heusler compounds is proposed by crystallizing an amorphous precursor, resulting in two distinct nanostructures. One of the structures exhibits enhanced negative Seebeck coefficients, potentially due to low energy electron filtering and Co interstitial defects at the interfaces within the nano precipitates. Advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations provide detailed insights into the samples.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Won-Seok Ko, Won Seok Choi, Guanglong Xu, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Yuji Ikeda, Blazej Grabowski
Summary: The study used molecular dynamics simulations to understand the functional degradation of nano-scaled NiTi shape memory alloys containing amorphous regions. The influence of amorphous-like grain boundaries or surface regions on the mechanical response under cyclic compression was revealed. The degraded superelasticity under cyclic loading was attributed to accumulated plastic deformation and retained martensite from a synergetic contribution of amorphous and crystalline regions, with proposed methods for recovery and sustainable operation.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tak Min Park, Mun Sik Jeong, Chanwon Jung, Won Seok Choi, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Jeongho Han
Summary: By adding a micro-alloying element and forming precipitates, the steel exhibits higher strength without sacrificing ductility compared to steel without precipitates. The formation of precipitates changes the microstructure of the steel and enhances the strain hardening rate, leading to higher tensile strength.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Gwanghyo Choi, Won Seok Choi, Jeongho Han, Pyuck-Pa Choi
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seungbum Hong, Chi Hao Liow, Jong Min Yuk, Hye Ryung Byon, Yongsoo Yang, EunAe Cho, Jiwon Yeom, Gun Park, Hyeonmuk Kang, Seunggu Kim, Yoonsu Shim, Moony Na, Chaehwa Jeong, Gyuseong Hwang, Hongjun Kim, Hoon Kim, Seongmun Eom, Seongwoo Cho, Hosun Jun, Yongju Lee, Arthur Baucour, Kihoon Bang, Myungjoon Kim, Seokjung Yun, Jeongjae Ryu, Youngjoon Han, Albina Jetybayeva, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Joshua C. Agar, Sergei Kalinin, Peter W. Voorhees, Peter Littlewood, Hyuck Mo Lee
Summary: Multiscale and multimodal imaging of material structures and properties provide a solid foundation for materials theory and design to flourish. The M3I3 initiative aims to reduce time for the discovery, design and development of materials based on quantifying and understanding multiscale processing-structure-property relationships. By combining machine learning and scientific insights, the vision of M3I3 can be realized through elucidating these relationships and material hierarchies.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Won Seok Choi, Edward L. Pang, Won-Seok Ko, Hosun Jun, Hyuk Jong Bong, Christoph Kirchlechner, Dierk Raabe, Pyuck-Pa Choi
Summary: Understanding the orientation-dependent deformation behavior of NiTi shape-memory alloys at small length scales is crucial for designing nano- and micro-electromechanical systems. The study reveals that plastic deformation modes include slip and deformation twinning, with the martensitic transformation depending on crystal orientation. Results suggest that operative martensitic transformation mode may be size-dependent.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
KenHee Ryou, Boryung Yoo, Pyuck-Pa Choi
Summary: A novel hot cracking mechanism was observed in a direct laser deposited nickel-based superalloy, related to Ni and Mo oxides. The cracks were caused by stress concentration and crack nucleation due to composition variation, leading to liquation cracking during reheating.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jeongho Han
Summary: This review summarizes the relationship between microstructural morphology and various mechanical responses in Medium-Mn steels, aiming at deriving the optimal microstructural design concept for improved mechanical properties.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Won Seok Choi, Edward L. Pang, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Christopher A. Schuh
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Liu, K. Zweiacker, C. Liu, J. T. McKeown, J. M. K. Wiezorek
Summary: The evolution of rapid solidification microstructure and solidification interface velocity of hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu alloy after laser melting has been studied experimentally. It was found that the formation of microstructure was dominated by eutectic, alpha-cell, and banded morphology grains, and the growth modes changed with increasing interface velocity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bharat Gwalani, Julian Escobar, Miao Song, Jonova Thomas, Joshua Silverstein, Andrew Chihpin Chuang, Dileep Singh, Michael P. Brady, Yukinori Yamamoto, Thomas R. Watkins, Arun Devaraj
Summary: Castable alumina forming austenitic alloys exhibit superior creep life and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study reveals the mechanism behind the enhanced creep performance of these alloys by suppressing primary carbide formation and offers a promising alloy design strategy for high-temperature applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Song, Qi Zhang, Songsong Yao, Kunming Yang, Houyu Ma, Jiamiao Ni, Boan Zhong, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Tongxiang Fan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that achieving an atomically flat surface for metals can greatly improve their oxidation resistance and enhance their electronic-optical applications. Researchers have explored the use of graphene as a covering layer to achieve atomically flat surfaces. They found that high-temperature deposited graphene on copper surfaces formed mono-atomic steps, while annealed copper and transferred graphene on copper interfaces formed multi-atomic steps.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, David C. Dunand
Summary: Elemental powders of Al, Ti, Sc, and Zr are blended and processed via laser powder-bed fusion to create binary and ternary alloys. The microstructural analysis and mechanical testing show that the addition of Ti results in the formation of primary precipitates, while the addition of Sc and Zr leads to the formation of fine grain bands. The Al-0.25Ti-0.25Zr alloy exhibits comparable strain rates to Al-0.5Zr at low stresses, but significantly higher strain rates at higher stresses during compressive creep testing. Finite element modeling suggests that the connectivity of coarse and fine grain regions is a critical factor affecting the creep resistance of the alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Jannotti, B. C. Hornbuckle, J. T. Lloyd, N. Lorenzo, M. Aniska, T. L. Luckenbaugh, A. J. Roberts, A. Giri, K. A. Darling
Summary: This work characterizes the thermo-mechanical behavior of bulk nanocrystalline Cu-Ta alloys under extreme conditions. The experiments reveal that the alloys exhibit unique mechanical properties, behaving differently from conventional nanocrystalline Cu. They do not undergo grain coarsening during extrusion and exhibit behavior similar to coarse-grained Cu.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yiqing Wei, Jingwei Li, Daliang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zizhen Zhou, Guang Han, Guoyu Wang, Carmelo Prestipino, Pierric Lemoine, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Xu Lu, Xiaoyuan Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a new strategy to modify microstructure by phase regulation, which can simultaneously enhance carrier mobility and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. The addition of Cu in layered SnSe2 induces a phase transition that leads to increased grain size and reduced stacking fault density, resulting in improved carrier mobility and lower lattice thermal conductivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jia Chen, Zhengyu Zhang, Eitan Hershkovitz, Jonathan Poplawsky, Raja Shekar Bhupal Dandu, Chang-Yu Hung, Wenbo Wang, Yi Yao, Lin Li, Hongliang Xin, Honggyu Kim, Wenjun Cai
Summary: In this study, the structural origin of the pH-dependent repassivation mechanisms in multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) was investigated using surface characterization and computational simulations. It was found that selective oxidation in acidic to neutral solutions leads to enhanced nickel enrichment on the surface, resulting in reduced repassivation capability and corrosion resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Y. Xu, C. P. Huang, H. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Li, M. X. Huang
Summary: The limited slip systems of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys hinder their wide applications. By conducting tensile straining experiments, researchers discovered a rate-dependent transition in the dislocation mechanisms of Mg alloys. At high strain rates, glissile dislocations dominate, while easy-glide dislocations dominate at low strain rates. Abundant glissile dislocations do not necessarily improve ductility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Szczerba, M. J. Szczerba
Summary: Inverse temperature dependences of the detwinning stress were observed in face-centered cubic deformation twins in Cu-8at.%Al alloy. The detwinning stress increased with temperature when the pi detwinning mode was involved, but decreased when the pi/3 mode was involved. The dual effect of temperature on the detwinning stress was due to the reduction of internal stresses pre-existing within the deformation twins. The complete reduction of internal stresses at about 530 degrees C led to the equivalence of the critical stresses of different detwinning modes and a decrease in the yield stress anisotropy of the twin/matrix structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taowen Dong, Tingting Qin, Wei Zhang, Yaowen Zhang, Zhuoran Feng, Yuxiang Gao, Zhongyu Pan, Zixiang Xia, Yan Wang, Chunming Yang, Peng Wang, Weitao Zheng
Summary: The interaction between the electrode and the electric double layer (EDL) significantly influences the energy storage mechanism. By studying the popular alpha-Fe2O3 electrode and the EDL interaction, we find that the energy storage mechanism of the electrode can be controlled by modulating the EDL.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew R. Barnett, Jun Wang, Sitarama R. Kada, Alban de Vaucorbeil, Andrew Stevenson, Marc Fivel, Peter A. Lynch
Summary: The elastic-plastic transition in magnesium alloy Mg-4.5Zn exhibits bursts of deformation, which are characterized by sudden changes in grain orientation. These bursts occur in a coordinated manner among nearby grains, with the highest burst rate observed at the onset of full plasticity. The most significant burst events are associated with twinning, supported by the observation of twinned structures using electron microscopy. The bursts are often preceded and followed by a stasis in peak movement, indicating a certain "birth size" for twins upon formation and subsequent growth at a later stage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vaidehi Menon, Sambit Das, Vikram Gavini, Liang Qi
Summary: Understanding solute segregation thermodynamics is crucial for investigating grain boundary properties. The spectral approach and thermodynamic integration methods can be used to predict solute segregation behavior at grain boundaries and compare with experimental observations, thus aiding in alloy design and performance control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feiyu Qin, Lei Hu, Yingcai Zhu, Yuki Sakai, Shogo Kawaguchi, Akihiko Machida, Tetsu Watanuki, Yue-Wen Fang, Jun Sun, Xiangdong Ding, Masaki Azuma
Summary: This study reports on the negative and zero thermal expansion properties of Cd2Re2O7 and Cd1.95Ni0.05Re2O7 materials, along with their ultra-low thermal conductivity. Through investigations of their structures and phonon calculations, the synergistic effect of local structure distortion and soft phonons is revealed as the key to achieving these distinctive properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Beerli, Christian C. Roth, Dirk Mohr
Summary: A novel testing system for miniature specimens is designed to characterize the plastic response of materials for which conventional full-size specimens cannot be extracted. The system has an automated operation process, which reduces the damage to specimens caused by manual handling and improves the stability of the test results. The experiments show that the miniature specimens extracted from stainless steel and aluminum have high reproducibility, and the results are consistent with those of conventional-sized specimens. A correction procedure is provided to consider the influence of surface roughness and heat-affected zone caused by wire EDM.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rani Mary Joy, Paulius Pobedinskas, Nina Baule, Shengyuan Bai, Daen Jannis, Nicolas Gauquelin, Marie-Amandine Pinault-Thaury, Francois Jomard, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Rozita Rouzbahani, Fernando Lloret, Derese Desta, Jan D'Haen, Johan Verbeeck, Michael Frank Becker, Ken Haenen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of film microstructure and composition on the Young's modulus and residual stress in nanocrystalline diamond thin films. The results provide insights into the mechanical properties and intrinsic stress sources of these films, and demonstrate the potential for producing high-quality nanocrystalline diamond films under certain conditions.
