Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Fabian Steinkohl, Fabian Barbieri, Thomas Senoner, Sylvia Strobl, Armin Finkenstedt, Fabian Plank, Christian Langer, Christoph Beyer, Katharina Birkl, Gerlig Widmann, Heinz Zoller, Wolfgang Dichtl, Guy Friedrich, Herbert Tilg, Gudrun Feuchtner
Summary: Patients with alcohol-related ESLD exhibit more mixed fibro-calcified plaques but less plaque with high-risk features and less fibro-fatty plaque burden, while total CAD prevalence is high.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fredrik Aberg, Christopher D. Byrne, Carlos J. Pirola, Ville Mannisto, Silvia Sookoian
Summary: Alcohol use and metabolic syndrome frequently co-exist and are associated with various health problems including chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. The effects of mild-moderate alcohol consumption on the risk of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease are unclear, with mixed results from studies. However, prospective studies indicate that mild-moderate alcohol use is associated with an increase in liver-related outcomes. Alcohol and metabolic factors independently and together contribute to liver-related outcomes, and components of metabolic syndrome have additive effects. Central/abdominal obesity measures may predict liver-related outcomes more accurately than BMI, even in individuals who consume harmful amounts of alcohol. The accumulating evidence highlights the multifactorial nature of liver disease and suggests the need for holistic approaches in risk prediction and treatment planning.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tanya Scerbina, Robert Gerlai
Summary: This study investigates the effects of acute alcohol administration in zebrafish, suggesting that alcohol may influence behavior through dopaminergic mechanisms. Significant interactions and main effects of alcohol and D1-R antagonist are found on behavioral phenotypes and neurochemical levels, hinting at potential strain differences in identifying molecular mechanisms underlying acute alcohol effects.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Frederick K. Ho, Lyn D. Ferguson, Carlos A. Celis-Morales, Stuart R. Gray, Ewan Forrest, William Alazawi, Jason M. R. Gill, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, John G. F. Cleland, Paul Welsh, Jill P. Pell, Naveed Sattar
Summary: This study found that elevated GGT levels were associated with self-reported alcohol intake and adiposity markers. Higher GGT concentrations were related to liver-related, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality. Adding GGT to risk algorithms improved the classification of cardiovascular mortality risk.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alexandre Louvet, Jean-Baptiste Trabut, Christophe Moreno, Romain Moirand, Henri-Jean Aubin, Line Carolle Ntandja Wandji, Mikail Nourredine, Massih Ningarhari, Nathalie Ganne-Carrie, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Francois Bailly, Jerome Boursier, Jean-Bernard Daeppen, Amandine Luquiens, Eric Nguyen-Khac, Rodolphe Anty, Thomas Orban, Helene Donnadieu-Rigole, Ariane Mallat, Christophe Bureau, Emile-Alexandre Pariente, Thierry Paupard, Amine Benyamina, Pascal Perney, Philippe Mathurin, Benjamin Rolland
Summary: Excessive alcohol consumption is the leading cause of liver diseases in Western countries, especially in France. The French Association for the Study of the Liver collaborated with the French Alcohol Society to develop guidelines summarizing the best evidence available in ARLD.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Si-Ying Tang, Jian Shiun Tan, Xian-Zheng Pang, Guan-Huei Lee
Summary: In 2020, a new definition of fatty liver called Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) was proposed. MAFLD added criteria for defining metabolic dysfunctions, which are high-risk factors for liver-related and cardiovascular events. Unlike the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) definition, it allows the coexistence of MAFLD and significant alcohol use in the same patient.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emma A. Vermeulen, Marc G. Vervloet
Summary: Awareness of the clinical relevance of magnesium in medicine has increased, especially in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), due to its role in vascular calcification and mineral metabolism. The inverse association between serum magnesium and adverse outcomes in CKD patients is well-established. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that magnesium administration can improve vascular function and mineral metabolism in CKD patients. Ongoing magnesium intervention studies will contribute to further understanding of its potential in CKD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohsan Subhani, David J. Harman, Robert A. Scott, Lucy Bennett, Emilie A. Wilkes, Martin W. James, Guruprasad P. Aithal, Stephen D. Ryder, Indra Neil Guha
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility of integrating transient elastography (TE) into community alcohol services and determined its impact on modifying drinking behaviors. The results showed that TE is a feasible tool for identifying liver disease in community alcohol services and can stimulate a change in high-risk drinking behavior.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gene Y. Im, Jessica L. Mellinger, Adam Winters, Elizabeth S. Aby, Zurabi Lominadze, John Rice, Michael R. Lucey, Juan P. Arab, Aparna Goel, Loretta L. Jophlin, Courtney B. Sherman, Richard Parker, Po-Hung Chen, Deepika Devuni, Sandeep Sidhu, Winston Dunn, Gyongyi Szabo, Ashwani K. Singal, Vijay H. Shah
Summary: The survey of hepatology and gastroenterology providers showed high rates of alcohol screening and referrals for behavioral therapy, but low rates of prescribing AUD pharmacotherapy due to knowledge gaps from insufficient education. Further studies are needed to improve provider alignment with best practices for treating patients with AUD and ALD.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Rui Wang, Ruqi Tang, Bo Li, Xiong Ma, Bernd Schnabl, Herbert Tilg
Summary: The delicate interaction between the gut microbiota and liver is crucial in preventing accidental immune activation against harmless antigens, also aiding in understanding and treating various liver diseases.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Juan P. Arab, Giovanni Addolorato, Philippe Mathurin, Mark R. Thursz
Summary: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a common cause of cirrhosis and liver-related mortality globally. Early detection of liver fibrosis requires an innovative noninvasive screening approach. Managing ALD involves addressing both the liver disease and alcohol use disorder (AUD), requiring integrated care models that are currently not widely available. Recent progress includes better understanding of response to medical treatment, improved survival prediction, and the concept of early liver transplantation for severe cases of ALD.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Madan Kumar Arumugam, Srinivas Chava, Sathish Kumar Perumal, Matthew C. Paal, Karuna Rasineni, Murali Ganesan, Terrence M. Donohue, Natalia A. Osna, Kusum K. Kharbanda
Summary: In an animal model, betaine treatment has been shown to potentially prevent liver injury after binge drinking, especially when combined with ethanol administration.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ci Song, Jun Lv, Chengxiao Yu, Meng Zhu, Canqing Yu, Yu Guo, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen, Zhengming Chen, Tao Jiang, Hongxia Ma, Guangfu Jin, Hongbing Shen, Zhibin Hu, Liming Li
Summary: The study found that adhering to a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of liver cancer, with a more dramatic protective effect for individuals with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hye Gyo Chung, Dong Hyun Sinn, Wonseok Kang, Gyu-Seong Choi, Jong Man Kim, Jae-Won Joh
Summary: The study found that the alcohol relapse rate was lower for patients receiving LDLT compared to DDLT, and factors associated with alcohol relapse for DDLT recipients included short abstinence period and current smoking status. Smokers and those with a short abstinence period need careful attention to prevent alcohol relapse.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Muruganantham Bharathi, Periyanaina Kesika, Natarajan Suganthy, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Summary: This review explores the potential benefits of probiotics in reducing blood cholesterol levels and decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in high cholesterol patients. While probiotics show promise in lowering cholesterol, their effectiveness varies and depends on factors such as probiotic strain, dosing frequency, and dietary changes. Overall, probiotics have the potential to become dietary supplements for moderate/severe hypercholesterolemic patients, significantly reducing their risk of CVD.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Erika M. Rosen, Stefany D. Primeaux, Liz Simon, David A. Welsh, Patricia E. Molina, Tekeda F. Ferguson
Summary: The study found that binge drinking and heavy alcohol use were associated with increased calorie and fat intake among people living with HIV, but binge drinkers were less likely to consume a high-sugar diet. Interventions focused on reducing alcohol use and promoting lower energy-dense foods with reduced fat may be beneficial in reducing metabolic disease burden in this population.
ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM
(2022)
Review
Substance Abuse
Natalia A. Osna, Moses New-Aaron, Raghubendra S. Dagur, Paul Thomes, Liz Simon, Danielle Levitt, Patrick McTernan, Patricia E. Molina, Hye Yeon Choi, Keigo Machida, Kenneth E. Sherman, Antonio Riva, Sandra Phillips, Shilpa Chokshi, Kusum K. Kharbanda, Steven Weinman, Murali Ganesan
Summary: The article discusses the exacerbating effects of alcohol on viral infections and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on the immune and metabolic changes in hepatotropic viral infections, as well as the interactions between viruses and alcohol.
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Liz Simon, Flavia M. Souza-Smith, Patricia E. Molina
Summary: At-risk alcohol use contributes significantly to the global healthcare burden, leading to preventable diseases and deaths. Understanding the mechanisms of alcohol-induced tissue injury is crucial for the development of effective interventions. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in alcohol-related tissue damage.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Alejandra Jacotte-Simancas, Jason W. Middleton, Zachary F. Stielper, Scott Edwards, Patricia E. Molina, Nicholas W. Gilpin
Summary: TBI produces sex-specific acute effects on BLA neuronal activation, excitability, and synaptic transmission. Females exhibit increased apnea duration and reduced respiratory rate post-TBI relative to males. In both male and female rats, TBI increases c-fos expression in BLA glutamatergic cells and firing rate in BLA pyramidal neurons. In females, TBI also increases spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic current amplitude and sEPSC frequency in BLA neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Brianna L. Bourgeois, Hui-Yi Lin, Alice Y. Yeh, Danielle E. Levitt, Stefany D. Primeaux, Tekeda F. Ferguson, Patricia E. Molina, Liz Simon
Summary: People living with HIV (PLWH) have increased prevalence of comorbid conditions including insulin resistance and at-risk alcohol use. Circulating microRNAs (miRs) may serve as minimally invasive indicators of pathophysiological states. This study aimed to identify whether alcohol modulates circulating miR associations with measures of glucose/insulin dynamics in PLWH.
PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Liz Simon, Scott Edwards, Patricia E. Molina
Summary: At-risk alcohol use has significant negative effects on multiple bodily systems, especially in vulnerable populations like PLWH. This review explores the mechanisms by which alcohol exacerbates cardiometabolic and neuropathological comorbidities, highlighting the impact of environmental factors.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Brianna L. Bourgeois, Danielle E. Levitt, Patricia E. Molina, Liz Simon
Summary: Our studies demonstrate that chronic binge alcohol (CBA) and HIV infection significantly impact metabolic homeostasis, particularly in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. CBA alters the differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells and myoblasts, and the differential expression of microRNAs (miRs) contributes to impaired myoblast differentiation. CBA also modulates the concentration and miR cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipocytes and myotubes in SIV-infected macaques. These findings underscore the importance of EV-mediated intercellular communication in metabolic dysregulation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexandra Denys, Allison Norman, Daniel S. Perrien, Larry J. Suva, Liz Simon, Lee S. McDaniel, Tekeda Ferguson, Kim Pedersen, David Welsh, Patricia E. Molina, Martin J. J. Ronis
Summary: This study examines the relationship between alcohol use, bone health, and bone mass changes in people living with HIV. Through clinical data and animal experiments, the study findings suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with alterations in bone morphology and density, and age and menopausal status increase the susceptibility to these effects.
Article
Immunology
Michael G. Dubic, Scott Edwards, Lee S. McDaniel, Liz Simon, Patricia E. Molina
Summary: People living with HIV are more likely to engage in risky alcohol use and are at higher risk of neurocognitive decline. This study explored the mechanisms underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and found that chronic binge alcohol consumption may increase neuroinflammatory gene expression and decrease growth factor signaling. Additionally, gene expression patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may reflect expression changes in the brain. These findings are important for understanding HAND related to alcohol use and HIV exposure.
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert W. Siggins, Patrick M. McTernan, Liz Simon, Flavia M. Souza-Smith, Patricia E. Molina
Summary: Alcohol misuse negatively affects tissues involved in energy metabolism regulation, such as the liver, pancreas, adipose, and skeletal muscle. It impairs mitochondrial functions and disrupts immunometabolism, leading to tissue injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Flavia M. Souza-Smith, Patricia E. Molina, Rajani Maiya
Summary: Chronic alcohol consumption in rodents leads to hyperpermeability of mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessels, lymph leakage, and immunometabolic dysregulation of perilymphatic adipose tissue (PLAT). This study aimed to investigate the alcohol-induced changes in lymph and plasma proteome using quantitative proteomic analysis. The results identified upregulation of apolipoproteins in lymph from alcohol-fed animals and downregulation of proteins in the plasma of alcohol-fed animals. Network analysis also revealed differentially expressed hub proteins in the lymph, while plasma analysis showed a module with no significant enrichment of differentially expressed proteins. Further studies will explore the functionality of these hub proteins in both lymph and plasma.
Article
Cell Biology
Kelly C. Cunningham, Deandra R. Smith, Daniel N. Villageliu, Christi M. Ellis, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Jeffrey D. Price, Todd A. Wyatt, Daren L. Knoell, Mystera M. Samuelson, Patricia E. Molina, David A. Welsh, Derrick R. Samuelson
Summary: Chronic alcohol abuse leads to alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota, resulting in behavior changes, physiological alterations, and immunological effects. This study developed a humanized alcohol-microbiota mouse model and found that colonization of mice with fecal microbiota from individuals with high AUDIT scores increased susceptibility to pneumonia.
Article
Substance Abuse
Shawn M. Cohen, Dominick Dephilippis, Yanhong Deng, James Dziura, Tekeda Ferguson, Lisa M. Fucito, Amy C. Justice, Stephen Maisto, Vincent C. Marconi, Patricia Molina, Manuel Paris, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Michael Simberkoff, Nancy M. Petry, David A. Fiellin, E. Jennifer Edelman
Summary: This study evaluated perspectives on implementing contingency management (CM) to address unhealthy alcohol use for people with HIV in primary care settings. CM was viewed as a helpful, positive, and feasible approach to addressing unhealthy alcohol use and related conditions among patients and staff involved in a clinical trial. To enhance implementation, future efforts may consider simplified approaches to the reward structure and expanding rewards to non-abstinent reductions in alcohol consumption.
ALCOHOL-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Liz Simon, Patricia E. Molina
Summary: At-risk alcohol use has significant effects on multiple organ systems and causes global health burden. Alcohol interferes with bioenergetic pathways in tissues, leading to cellular injury. This review focuses on the alcohol-induced bioenergetic adaptations in metabolically active tissues, such as the liver, heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain.