Article
Immunology
Alexander Stewart, Emma Sinclair, Joseph Chi-Fung Ng, Joselli Silva O'Hare, Audrey Page, Ilaria Serangeli, Christian Margreitter, Federica Orsenigo, Katherine Longman, Cecile Frampas, Catia Costa, Holly-May Lewis, Nora Kasar, Bryan Wu, David Kipling, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Christopher Chiu, J. Kenneth Baillie, Janet T. Scott, Malcolm G. Semple, Melanie J. Bailey, Franca Fraternali, Deborah K. Dunn-Walters
Summary: The heterogeneity of immunoglobulin gene reflects the diversity and focus of the immune response. Detailed analysis of samples from different viral infections reveals common responses and unique characteristics. The characteristics of COVID-19 patients vary with age.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ya-Lin Lin, Mei-Yi Lu, Chi-Fen Chuang, Yali Kuo, Hong-En Lin, Fu-An Li, Jen-Ren Wang, Yi-Ping Hsueh, Fang Liao
Summary: The study found that TLR7 is not the absolute PRR for EV71 in the spinal cord, but plays a critical role in anti-viral humoral immunity. TLR7KO mice infected with EV71 showed delayed recovery from limb paralysis and significantly decreased levels of important antibodies for antiviral humoral immunity compared to WT mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Susanna Esposito, Bahaa Abu-Raya, Paolo Bonanni, Fabianne Cahn-Sellem, Katie L. Flanagan, Federico Martinon Torres, Asuncion Mejias, Simon Nadel, Marco A. P. Safadi, Arne Simon
Summary: Routine childhood vaccinations are vital for protecting children from serious diseases, and active vaccinations in infants are highly effective. However, some important viral pathogens, such as RSV, do not yet have approved vaccines. The introduction of anti-viral monoclonal antibodies, like nirsevimab, into pediatric vaccine schedules could potentially offer additional protection for infants against RSV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chang Liu, Yanfeng Zhou, Xiaoyuan Ji, Hui Xie, Xingjie Hu, Min Yin, Nan Chen, Chunhai Fan, Haiyun Song
Summary: A hybrid RNA design generates oxygen in the tumor microenvironment to activate viral RNA sensors, promoting immune response against cancer cells and suppressing tumor growth and metastasis effectively.
Review
Food Science & Technology
V Rossini, V Tolosa-Enguis, C. Frances-Cuesta, Y. Sanz
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system, but it also targets the gastrointestinal tract. Prolonged gut disorders in COVID-19 patients are associated with decreased richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, immune deregulation, and delayed viral clearance. The composition and function of the gut microbiome may play a role in the progression of COVID-19. Strategies to modulate the gut microbiome are being investigated for population stratification and management of COVID-19 infection.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Sophia Volpe, Joseph Irish, Sunny Palumbo, Eric Lee, Jacob Herbert, Ibrahim Ramadan, Eugene H. Chang
Summary: Viral infections are a common cause of upper respiratory infections and can lead to chronic rhinosinusitis. Viruses enter cells and replicate within them, while stimulating interferon-mediated immune responses. Studies suggest that viral infections may induce aberrant immune responses, resulting in loss of barrier function.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anna Basile, Carla Zannella, Margot De Marco, Giuseppina Sanna, Gianluigi Franci, Massimiliano Galdiero, Aldo Manzin, Vincenzo De Laurenzi, Massimiliano Chetta, Alessandra Rosati, Maria Caterina Turco, Liberato Marzullo
Summary: Researchers have developed a specific antibody against IFITM2 that can interfere with the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 and reduce its damage to host cells. This antibody also reduces the damage caused by other viruses such as HSV and RSV, suggesting that IFITM2 may have a similar mechanism of invasion to other viruses. These results demonstrate the specific role of IFITM2 in viral entry and its potential as a cell target for antiviral therapies.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Lucas dos Santos Dias, Hannah E. Dobson, Brock Kingstad Bakke, Gregory C. Kujoth, Junfeng Huang, Elaine M. Kohn, Cleison Ledesma Taira, Huafeng Wang, Nitin T. Supekar, J. Scott Fites, Daisy Gates, Christina L. Gomez, Charles A. Specht, Stuart M. Levitz, Parastoo Azadi, Lingjun Li, Marulasiddappa Suresh, Bruce S. Klein, Marcel Wuthrich
Summary: The development of a newly discovered adjuvant that augments cell mediated immune responses against fungi and viruses has potential applications for safe vaccination against various microbial pathogens.
Article
Microbiology
Nicolas Sarute, Han Cheng, Zhonghao Yan, Karen Salas-Briceno, Justin Richner, Lijun Rong, Susan R. Ross
Summary: SIRPA serves as a potent inhibitor of viral infection, particularly viruses that require trafficking to low pH compartments. Increasing SIRPA levels through treatment with IL-4 enhances its antiviral activity, suggesting it could be a potential target for antiviral therapies. The findings also imply a common mechanistic pathway between phagocytosis and virus endocytosis, which could lead to the development of new approaches for antiviral therapeutics.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mari Numata, Dennis R. Voelker
Summary: Pulmonary surfactant, a mixture of lipids and proteins, has anti-inflammatory effects and can prevent viral replication by regulating Toll-like receptors and blocking interactions between viruses and host cells. Components like phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol show potential as prophylaxis and treatment for respiratory viral infections.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Harish Narasimhan, Yue Wu, Nick P. Goplen, Jie Sun
Summary: The chronic sequelae after respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19, have gained increasing attention. Although there is heterogeneity in the observed sequelae, this phenomenon has also been observed in other respiratory viral infections.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tiago Fazolo, Karina Lima, Julia C. Fontoura, Priscila Oliveira de Souza, Gabriel Hilario, Renata Zorzetto, Luiz Rodrigues Junior, Veridiane Maria Pscheidt, Jayme de Castilhos Ferreira Neto, Alisson F. Haubert, Izza Gambin, Aline C. Oliveira, Raissa S. Mello, Matheus de Bastos Balbe E Gutierres, Rodrigo Benedetti Gassen, Lais Durco Coimbra, Alexandre Borin, Rafael Elias Marques, Ivaine Tais Sauthier Sartor, Gabriela Oliveira Zavaglia, Ingrid Rodrigues Fernandes, Helder Nakaya, Fernanda Hammes Varela, Marcia Polese-Bonatto, Thiago J. Borges, Sidia Maria Callegari-Jacques, Marcela Santos Correa da Costa, Jaqueline de Araujo Schwartz, Marcelo Comerlato Scotta, Renato T. Stein, Cristina Bonorino
Summary: The study reveals that children with COVID-19 exhibit stronger cellular immunity but higher viral load compared to adults, suggesting a differential response mechanism between children and adults in the disease manifestation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Josefa Hernandez-Ruiz, Manuela Giraldo-Acosta, Amina El Mihyaoui, Antonio Cano, Marino B. Arnao
Summary: Melatonin is a versatile molecule with various physiological activities, acting as a hormone and antioxidant in animals, and a regulator and biomolecule in plants. It has shown potential as a biocontrol agent against virus diseases in crops.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sunita Mulpuru, Melissa K. Andrew, Lingyun Ye, Todd Hatchette, Jason LeBlanc, May El-Sherif, Donna MacKinnon-Cameron, Shawn D. Aaron, Gonzalo G. Alvarez, Alan J. Forster, Ardith Ambrose, Shelly A. McNeil
Summary: The study found that seasonal respiratory viral infections are associated with intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation requirement among hospitalized COPD patients, but not with mortality. Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the main viruses associated with exacerbations in COPD patients. Therefore, viral testing at admission can be helpful in predicting prognosis, guiding clinical management, and implementing infection control practices for hospitalized COPD patients during winter seasons.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2022)
Review
Virology
Ahlam Chaqroun, Cedric Hartard, Evelyne Schvoerer
Summary: The genetically variable SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the emergence of different variants that affect transmissibility and immune escape. Further research is needed to develop effective preventive and therapeutic control strategies.