Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dong Yi, Maki Yoshikawa, Takeshi Sugimoto, Keigo Tomoo, Yoko Okada, Takeshi Hashimoto
Summary: This study investigated the effects and mechanism of maca on muscle hypertrophy, and found that maca may promote muscle hypertrophy, differentiation, and maturation through muscle hypertrophic signaling pathways such as Akt and mTOR.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
J. Max Michel, Kristy K. Lievense, Sam C. Norton, Juliana V. Costa, Kathryn H. Alphin, Lydia A. Bailey, Gary D. Miller
Summary: This study examined the effects of resistance training (RT) and protein intake on muscle in older adults. The results showed that RT improved muscle quality and function, and the type of protein intake did not have a significant impact on the outcomes.
Article
Immunology
Laura Yedigaryan, Ester Martinez-Sarra, Giorgia Giacomazzi, Nefele Giarratana, Bernard K. van der Veer, Alessio Rotini, Silvia Querceto, Hanne Grosemans, Alvaro Cortes-Calabuig, Sara Salucci, Michela Battistelli, Elisabetta Falcieri, Rik Gijsbers, Mattia Quattrocelli, Kian Peng Koh, Liesbeth De Waele, Gunnar M. Buyse, Rita Derua, Maurilio Sampaolesi
Summary: This study identifies an extracellular vesicle-derived miRNA signature that enhances the myogenic potential of myogenic stem cells, leading to improvements in muscle degeneration and muscle wasting related diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Toshio Moritani
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases and sarcopenia are becoming more prevalent with age, and studies have shown a relationship between physical activity and cognitive health. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is being explored as a potential alternative for engaging individuals in exercise and addressing muscle atrophy-related diseases. This technology may offer a more efficient solution for prevention and treatment of chronic conditions associated with muscle deterioration.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Christie M. Penniman, Gourav Bhardwaj, Colette J. Nowers, Chandler U. Brown, Taylor L. Junck, Cierra K. Boyer, Jayashree Jena, Jordan D. Fuqua, Vitor A. Lira, Brian T. O'Neill
Summary: This study investigates the role of FoxOs in regulating muscle strength and mitochondrial function with age. The results show that deletion of FoxOs increases muscle strength and improves mitochondrial function in both young and aged mice. This is partly due to the suppression of atrophic pathways and the maintenance of OXPHOS.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Joao Pedro Nunes, Fabio L. C. Pina, Alex S. Ribeiro, Paolo M. Cunha, Witalo Kassiano, Bruna D. Costa, Gabriel Kunevaliki, Matheus A. Nascimento, Nelson H. Carneiro, Danielle Venturini, Decio S. Barbosa, Analiza M. Silva, Jerry L. Mayhew, Luis B. Sardinhas, Edilson S. Cyrino
Summary: This study aimed to identify responders and non-responders among older women to resistance training for muscle mass gain. Results showed that while non-responders did not show significant gains even with increased training volume and duration, responders continued to increase muscle mass.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Babak Hooshmand-Moghadam, Monika Johne, Fateme Golestani, Katarzyna Lorenz, Monireh Asadi, Ewelina Maculewicz, Andrzej Mastalerz
Summary: We evaluated the effects of soy milk ingestion on changes in body composition, strength, power, and muscular-related biomarkers following 12 weeks of resistance training in older men. The results showed that the intervention group who consumed soy milk had significant improvements in muscle mass, strength, power, and skeletal muscle regulatory markers compared to the control group. This suggests that the ingestion of soy milk during resistance training can enhance lean mass, strength, and power in older men.
Article
Biology
Osvaldo Villa, Nicole L. Stuhr, Chia-an Yen, Eileen M. Crimmins, Thalida Em Arpawong, Sean P. Curran
Summary: This study identifies the evolutionarily conserved mitochondrial enzyme ALH-6/ALDH4A1 as a predictive biomarker for age-related changes in muscle health. Through Caenorhabditis elegans genetics and gene-wide association scanning, the research uncovers that loss-of-function mutations in alh-6 lead to the age-dependent loss of muscle health in C. elegans, while genetic variants in ALDH4A1 show associations with age-related muscle-related function in humans.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Eun-Joo Lee, Ronald L. Neppl
Summary: Skeletal muscle atrophy is an inevitable occurrence with advancing age and diseases like cancer. Management in the elderly includes resistance exercise and increased protein intake. Understanding muscle mass signaling can help identify potential therapeutic targets for preventing and reversing muscle atrophy in metabolic and neuromuscular diseases.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Pinzhen Chen, Zhou Zhou, Li Sun, Xueke Yu, Kai Li, Jin Li, Min He, Xiaoyue Zhou, Fei Luo, Jun Zhao, Wei Chen
Summary: This study investigated the sex differences in age-related back extensor muscle degeneration using Dixon MRI and analyzed the relationship between quantitative muscle parameters and back muscle strength in healthy adults. The results showed that the fat fraction of multifidus muscle and erector spinae significantly increased with age in both genders. In females, the total erector spinae functional cross-sectional area and relative functional cross-sectional area correlated with age. In males, all muscle size parameters, except total multifidus muscle cross-sectional area, correlated with age. Back extension muscle strength correlated with muscle fat fraction, cross-sectional area, and functional cross-sectional area. The study concluded that functional cross-sectional area had the highest association with back muscle strength compared to fat fraction and cross-sectional area.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cristian Petri, Matteo Levi Micheli, Pascal Izzicupo, Niccolo Timperanza, Tommaso Lastrucci, Daniele Vanni, Massimo Gulisano, Gabriele Mascherini
Summary: The study aimed to provide normative references of body composition in bodybuilders using the vector bioimpedance methodology (BIVA) and compare BIVA assessments on different body parts. The results showed that male and female bodybuilders ranked to the left in the BIVA ellipse compared to the general population. Additionally, males had a significantly greater upper body than the lower body, while females had a larger lower body compared to the upper body. These differences can be attributed to endocrine production patterns and scoring criteria in competitions.
Article
Biology
Hirotaka Araki, Shinjiro Hino, Kotaro Anan, Kanji Kuribayashi, Kan Etoh, Daiki Seko, Ryuta Takase, Kensaku Kohrogi, Yuko Hino, Yusuke Ono, Eiichi Araki, Mitsuyoshi Nakao, Christopher Cardozo
Summary: Skeletal muscle shows plasticity in response to stress, with flavin-dependent lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) playing a role in regulating fiber type-specific responses. LSD1 loss exacerbates glucocorticoid-induced atrophy in fast fiber-dominant muscles by reducing nuclear retention of anti-autophagic transcription factor Foxk1. Additionally, LSD1 depletion enhances endurance exercise-induced hypertrophy in slow fiber-dominant muscles by inducing the expression of oxidative metabolism gene transcription factor ERR gamma. These findings suggest that LSD1 modulators may be potential therapeutic strategies for stress-induced myopathies.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Patricia C. B. Lobo, Itamar P. Vieira, Claude Pichard, Bruna S. Marques, Paulo Gentil, Edson L. da Silva, Gustavo D. Pimentel
Summary: In young men undergoing resistance training and consuming a high-protein diet, Ursolic acid did not show significant effects on muscle strength and mass.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah K. Burke, Andrew Fenton, Yana Konokhova, Russell T. Hepple
Summary: Muscle atrophy in aging is most pronounced in fast twitch muscle like the gastrocnemius, with similar effects in the extensor digitorum longus and slow-twitch soleus, while the slow-twitch adductor longus increases in mass. Only the soleus shows significant alterations in fiber type with aging. Muscles that atrophy show an increased fraction of severely atrophic myofibers, while the adductor longus does not exhibit this phenomenon.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher G. Vann, Robert W. Morton, Christopher B. Mobley, Ivan J. Vechetti, Brian K. Ferguson, Cody T. Haun, Shelby C. Osburn, Casey L. Sexton, Carlton D. Fox, Matthew A. Romero, Paul A. Roberson, Sara Y. Oikawa, Chris McGlory, Kaelin C. Young, John J. McCarthy, Stuart M. Phillips, Michael D. Roberts
Summary: This study examined the association between genotype and resistance training-induced changes in lean soft tissue mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area, identifying potential links between GLI3 gene variant and hypertrophic responses. Future studies are needed to confirm this association.
Article
Sport Sciences
Meri M. Salokannel, Oona-Mari Hakulinen, Juha P. Ahtiainen
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate whether periodising carbohydrate intake around specific training sessions will enhance endurance training adaptations. The results showed that periodised carbohydrate availability did not have any effect on substrate oxidation, but it seemed to enhance the capacity to perform high-intensity exercise.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Tero Sievanen, Tia-Marje Korhonen, Tiina Jokela, Maarit Ahtiainen, Laura Lahtinen, Teijo Kuopio, Anna Lepisto, Elina Sillanpaa, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Toni T. Seppala, Eija K. Laakkonen
Summary: Circulating microRNAs (c-miRs) play a significant role in cancer development and LS genetic variation. They have the potential to be used for early cancer detection and LS risk stratification.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ville Isola, Juha J. Hulmi, Pirita Petaejae, Eric R. Helms, Jari E. Karppinen, Juha P. Ahtiainen
Summary: This study investigated sex differences in body composition, resting energy expenditure, and hormonal changes among physique athletes during competition preparation. The results showed that both male and female athletes experienced decreases in fat mass and subcutaneous fat thickness, with males also losing lean mass. Weight loss, decreased energy intake, and increased aerobic exercise led to adaptive thermogenesis. Leptin levels decreased in both sexes, but more so in females due to higher baseline levels.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tiina Fohr, Katja Waller, Anne Viljanen, Taina Rantanen, Jaakko Kaprio, Miina Ollikainen, Elina Sillanpaa
Summary: This study compared DNAm-based measures and physical functioning-based measures of biological aging in predicting mortality. The results showed that both DNAm-based measures and functional tests were associated with mortality independent of each other and genetic influences, suggesting that they complement each other as measures of biological aging in predicting mortality.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jaakko Mursu, Maija Ristimaki, Inga Malinen, Pirita Petaja, Ville Isola, Juha P. Ahtiainen, Juha J. Hulmi
Summary: This study examined the diet, hormones, amenorrhea, and bone mineral density of physique athletes and gym enthusiasts. The findings suggest that most athletes and enthusiasts meet the recommended dietary intakes and hormone levels, but maintaining very low body fat during the off-season may lead to menstrual disturbances.
Review
Cell Biology
J. H. Lautaoja, D. C. Turner, A. P. Sharples, R. Kivela, S. Pekkala, J. J. Hulmi, L. Yla-Outinen
Summary: The number of studies using skeletal muscle cell culture models to study exercise in vitro is increasing rapidly. Omics approaches, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been used to analyze the molecular responses to exercise mimicking stimuli in cultured myotubes. Electrical pulse stimulation and mechanical stretch are the most commonly used methods to mimic exercise in vitro. This mini-review provides an up-to-date overview of the 2-D and 3-D models and the use of omics approaches to study the molecular response to exercise in vitro.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vasco Fachada, Mika Silvennoinen, Ulla-Maria Sahinaho, Paavo Rahkila, Riikka Kivela, Juha J. Hulmi, Urho Kujala, Heikki Kainulainen
Summary: This study investigates the impact of physical activity and branched-chain amino acids on intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and their associated proteins. The results show that physical activity and BCAA availability affect the metabolism of muscle lipids and their associated proteins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jari E. Karppinen, Petri Wiklund, Johanna K. Ihalainen, Hanna-Kaarina Juppi, Ville Isola, Matti Hyvarinen, Essi K. Ahokas, Urho M. Kujala, Jari Laukkanen, Juha J. Hulmi, Juha P. Ahtiainen, Sulin Cheng, Eija K. Laakkonen
Summary: It is uncertain whether aging before late adulthood and menopause are associated with fat-free mass and fat mass-adjusted resting energy expenditure (REEadj). This study found that there is a significant difference in REEadj between middle-aged and younger women, as well as between middle-aged women with different menopausal statuses. The study also demonstrated that menopause may not contribute to the decline in REEadj in women.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Antti Lopponen, Christophe Delecluse, Kristin Suorsa, Laura Karavirta, Tuija Leskinen, Lien Meulemans, Erja Portegijs, Taija Finni, Taina Rantanen, Sari Stenholm, Timo Rantalainen, Evelien Van Roie
Summary: The study investigated the association between laboratory-based sit-to-stand (STS) capacity and free-living STS performance. The results showed a moderate association between the two, but they are not interchangeable and provide complementary information. Older and low-functioning individuals seemed to perform free-living STS movements closer to their maximal capacity compared to younger and high-functioning individuals. This suggests that low capacity may limit free-living performance.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Niko Paavo Tynkkynen, Timo Tormakangas, Teemu Palviainen, Matti Hyvarinen, Marie Klevjer, Laura Joensuu, Urho Kujala, Jaakko Kaprio, Anja Bye, Elina Sillanpaa
Summary: There may be genetic factors underlying the associations between higher levels of physical activity (PA) and better aerobic fitness as well as a lower risk for cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). The study found that genotypes predisposing to higher PA were associated with greater self-reported PA, healthier cardiometabolic profile, and lower incidence of hypertensive diseases, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kaisa Koivunen, Antti Lopponen, Lotta Palmberg, Timo Rantalainen, Taina Rantanen, Laura Karavirta
Summary: This study examined the association between autonomic nervous system and postural control regulation during orthostatic stress with physical resilience in older adults. The results showed that better maintenance of blood pressure under orthostatic stress was associated with faster walking speed in women and lower mortality in men. Greater heart rate variability and lower respiration rate in supine position, as well as smaller orthostatic changes, were also associated with faster walking speed, especially in women. Additionally, less postural sway after standing up was related to faster walking speed in women and increased mortality hazard in men.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jukka E. Hintikka, Juha P. Ahtiainen, Perttu Permi, Sirpa Jalkanen, Marko Lehtonen, Satu Pekkala
Summary: Physical activity is crucial for weight management, overall health improvement, and reduction of obesity-related risks. Regular exercise not only affects systemic metabolism, but also enhances gut microbial diversity and the abundance of beneficial bacteria. In a study involving overweight individuals, metabolomic and gut microbiota analysis revealed significant correlations between exercise and serum/fecal metabolites and metabolic pathways, indicating increased lipid oxidation and oxidative stress. Moreover, exercise was associated with elevated levels of serum lyso-phosphatidylcholine and fecal glycerophosphocholine, as well as various microbial metagenome pathways and the presence of Akkermansia. This study demonstrates that aerobic exercise can induce metabolic shifts that benefit the gut microbiota in overweight individuals, even in the absence of changes in body composition.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nijia Hu, Jarmo M. Piirainen, Dawson J. Kidgell, Simon Walker, Janne Avela
Summary: Sensorimotor training and strength training can improve balance control. Little is known about how repeated balance perturbation training affects balance performance and its neural mechanisms. This study found that balance perturbation training led to less body sway and a potential increase in spinal-level involvement, indicating possible movement automaticity after perturbation training.
Article
Physiology
Gonzalo Gomez-Guerrero, Paul Ansdell, Glyn Howatson, Janne Avela, Simon Walker
Summary: This study investigated spinal excitability during the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) silent period (SP) at different time delays in m.rectus femoris. The results showed that reduced spinal excitability was extended during 50% and 75% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). In the future, paired TMS-lumbar stimulation (LS) could be a valuable method for studying changes in spinal excitability during SP and testing various neurophysiological phenomena.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)