期刊
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
卷 5, 期 10, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181085
关键词
evolutionary games; scaling parameters; reciprocity; altruism; social viscosity
资金
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [17J06741, 17H04731]
Game theory has been extensively applied to help explain how cooperative behaviour is promoted in human and animal societies. How do humans and animals establish reciprocity when confronting a social dilemma? In 2006, Nowak theoretically proved that numerous mechanisms and models for evolving cooperative behaviour reported over the last few decades can be distilled into five reciprocity mechanisms (rules). Additionally, universal scaling parameters were proposed to measure two different types of dilemmas, namely, the gamble-intending dilemma (GID) and risk-averting dilemma (RAD). In this work, by drawing a RAD-GID phase-plane diagram for pair-wise games, we prove that these five rules are indeed quite different for the resolution (relaxation) of the two dilemmas. These diagrams also demonstrate whether and when game-class change (resolution of a dilemma) occurs, thus implying how defectors can be eliminated.
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