Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jianlu Zhang, Jiqin Huang, Haitao Zhao
Summary: In this study, the expression and tissue distribution of TLR2 and TLR4 in Schizothorax prenanti were investigated. It was found that both TLR2 and TLR4 were widely expressed in various tissues, especially immune-related tissues. Injection of poly (I:C) significantly upregulated the expression of these proteins, indicating their potential roles in antiviral immunity and pathological processes in S. prenanti.
Article
Fisheries
Fei Han, Yuan Zhang, Na Song, Tianxiang Gao
Summary: This study focused on the burbot fish and characterized 19 Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in it, examining their expression patterns after pathogen exposure. The researchers found that TLR genes, essential in the fish's innate immune system, were tandemly repeated, indicating an evolution in the fish's immune system. Different TLR subfamilies showed tissue-specific expressions, and the response of TLR genes to pathogen exposure was also investigated. The results revealed time and tissue-specific expression patterns and highlighted the crucial role of TLR genes in the burbot's immune response.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Xiu-Ying Wei, Jun Wang, Sheng-Tao Guo, Yun-Yun Lv, Yan-Ping Li, Chuan-Jie Qin, Yuan-Chao Zou, Qing-Chao Shi, Peng Hu, Xiao-Qin Xiong, Yang He, Rui Li, Ze-Jin Huang, Dun-Xue Chen, Zheng-Yong Wen
Summary: In this study, a teleost-specific tlr22 gene was identified from yellow catfish, and its immune roles in response to different pathogens were determined. TLR22 was highly conserved among different fish species and played critical roles in defending virus and bacteria invasion in spleen, kidney, liver, and gill tissues.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Shuangshuang Gao, Teng Xu, Ruifeng Qiao, Jianchao Lu, Yang Xu, Shu Hu, Youchuan Wei, Zhitao Qi
Summary: In this study, two non-mammalian TLRs, troTLR21 and troTLR22, were identified and characterized in golden pompano. These TLRs were found to be highly expressed in immune-related tissues and up-regulated following pathogen stimulation, suggesting their important roles in the immune response against pathogen invasion in this marine teleost species.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandra Santos-Sierra
Summary: Inflammatory arthritis is a group of diseases caused by dysregulated immune system activity, and various medications are used to control the excessive immune response. However, drug resistances, flare-reactions, and adverse effects to current therapies are common in affected patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chan Seok Lim, Yoon Ha Jang, Ga Young Lee, Gu Min Han, Hye Jin Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Jie-Oh Lee
Summary: Studies have shown that Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) depends on the length of its ligands for triggering a robust immune response. In this study, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of TLR3 bound to a synthetic RNA ligand of average length 400 base pairs was determined. The structure revealed that TLR3 units form a highly organized and cooperative cluster along the double-stranded RNA helix, suggesting that ligand-induced clustering of TLR3 triggers the assembly of signaling adaptors and initiates a strong innate immune response.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fei Han, Yuan Zhang, Anle Xu, Xiaoyan Wang, Yan He, Na Song, Tianxiang Gao
Summary: In this study, 12 Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes were identified in black rockfish, and their characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that these genes belong to five subfamilies and are highly expressed in immune tissues. Additionally, the study found that the expression of these genes increased significantly after poly (I:C) injection.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Jorrit De Waele, Tias Verhezen, Sanne van der Heijden, Zwi N. Berneman, Marc Peeters, Filip Lardon, An Wouters, Evelien L. J. M. Smits
Summary: Immunotherapy is being investigated as a breakthrough treatment option for glioblastoma, with poly(I:C)/poly-ICLC potentially playing a key role in activating lymphocytes and enhancing immunological responses. Studies show that poly(I:C) or poly-ICLC treatment for glioblastoma has the potential to activate lymphocytes and enhance immune responses.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Fei Han, Yuan Zhang, Geng Qin, Xiaoyan Wang, Na Song, Tianxiang Gao
Summary: The study identified 12 members of the TLR gene family in the Japanese meagre genome, distributed across 10 chromosomes. Evolutionary analysis placed the TLR genes into different subfamilies, with highly consistent conserved motifs. qRT-PCR assays revealed higher expression levels of TLRs in immune tissues of Japanese meagre.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Shengtao Guo, Mengsha Zeng, Wenxue Gao, Fan Li, Xiuying Wei, Qiong Shi, Zhengyong Wen, Zhaobin Song
Summary: Yellow catfish is an important fish in China's rivers. Viral and bacterial diseases have caused serious problems in domestic fisheries and threaten aquaculture production. This study investigated the role of TLR3 in the immune response of hybrid yellow catfish to viral infection. The results showed that TLR3 played a significant role and provide a basis for further research and cultivation of disease-resistant yellow catfish.
Article
Immunology
Katharina Radakovics, Claire Battin, Judith Leitner, Sabine Geiselhart, Wolfgang Paster, Johannes Stoeckl, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Peter Steinberger
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for recognizing microbial components and initiating immune responses. Although impurities containing TLR ligands can be problematic, this study developed a highly sensitive platform for detecting TLR ligands. By using specific reporter cell lines, the study demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in detecting various TLR ligands. This system can be used to characterize different TLR ligands, including complex samples like bacterially expressed proteins or allergen extracts, and can help define the structural requirements for TLR agonists.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arshpreet Kaur, Jeremy Baldwin, Deshkanwar Brar, Deepak B. Salunke, Nikolai Petrovsky
Summary: The development of new human adjuvants has been revolutionized by the discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs), leading to a better understanding of their mechanisms of action. This work has important implications for the development of vaccines and immunotherapies against various diseases.
CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naoki Yamamoto, Takuya Tokumon, Ayako Obuchi, Mari Kono, Katsuyasu Saigo, Mamoru Tanida, Yuri Ikeda-Matsuo, Kazuya Sobue
Summary: This study found that viral infections can increase the neurotoxicity of A beta by decreasing NEP levels in astrocytes, which inhibits the degradation of A beta.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Axel Dietschmann, Sebastian Schruefer, Stefanie Westermann, Fiona Henkel, Kirstin Castiglione, Ralf Willebrand, Jasmin Adam, Jurgen Ruland, Roland Lang, Donald C. Sheppard, Julia Esser-von-Bieren, Daniel Radtke, Sven Krappmann, David Voehringer
Summary: Eosinophilia is associated with various inflammatory diseases, such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). It has been shown that direct interaction between eosinophils and Aspergillus fumigatus is essential for the activation of eosinophils, which then secrete multiple proinflammatory mediators. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in A. fumigatus-induced eosinophil activation.
Article
Immunology
Jacob H. L. Thomas, Liang Lui, Andrew Abell, William Tieu, Andrew A. Somogyi, Juliana E. Bajic, Mark R. Hutchinson
Summary: The study found that reducing TLR signaling pathway can enhance acute analgesic effects, but only male TIR8 deficient mice showed less morphine analgesia. TLR2 and TLR4 deficient mice can prevent analgesic tolerance, but MyD88 animals cannot. Withdrawal behaviors are only protected in TLR2(-/-) mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Lydvina Meister, Hector Escriva, Stephanie Bertrand
Summary: The FGF signalling pathway plays crucial roles in controlling the fate of anterior paraxial mesoderm cells and the formation of the anterior notochord in vertebrates and cephalochordates. Inhibition of FGF signal pathway results in loss of structures and affects embryonic development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony Leon, Lucie Subirana, Kevin Magre, Ildefonso Cases, Juan J. Tena, Manuel Irimia, Jose Luis Gomez-Skarmeta, Hector Escriva, Stephanie Bertrand
Summary: Neurons are specialized cells found only in metazoans. How pluripotent ectodermal cells are directed towards neural or epidermal fates is an open question. This study used micromere explants to investigate the gene regulatory networks underlying the formation of the central nervous system and epidermis in the cephalochordate amphioxus.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ester Anton-Galindo, Elisa Dalla Vecchia, Javier G. Orlandi, Gustavo Castro, Emilio J. Gualda, Andrew M. J. Young, Marc Guasch-Piqueras, Concepcio Arenas, Carlos Herrera-Ubeda, Jordi Garcia-Fernandez, Fernando Aguado, Pablo Loza-Alvarez, Bru Cormand, William H. J. Norton, Noelia Fernandez-Castillo
Summary: Genetic variants in YWHAZ contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Using zebrafish as a model, researchers found that YWHAZ is expressed widely in neurons during development and limited to Purkinje cells in the adult cerebellum. Knocking out YWHAZ resulted in altered neuronal activity and connectivity in the hindbrain, decreased monoamine levels, and freeze behavior in adult fish, which could be reversed with drugs targeting monoamine neurotransmission.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Stephanie Bertrand, Hector Escriva
Letter
Oncology
Emma Polonio-Alcala, Sonia Sole-Sanchez, Pau Munoz-Guardiola, Elisabet Megias-Roda, Hector Perez-Montoyo, Marc Yeste-Velasco, Jose Alfon, Jose Miguel Lizcano, Carles Domenech, Santiago Ruiz-Martinez, Teresa Puig
CANCER COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nuria Bielsa, Mireia Casasampere, Jose Luis Abad, Carlos Enrich, Antonio Delgado, Gemma Fabrias, Jose M. Lizcano, Josefina Casas
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the natural sphingolipid Jaspine B in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The findings suggest that Jaspine B can induce cytoplasmic vacuolation and methuosis, and that the activation of AMPK may be involved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nora Dieguez-Martinez, Sergio Espinosa-Gil, Guillermo Yoldi, Elisabet Megias-Roda, Idoia Bolinaga-Ayala, Maria Vinas-Casas, Gokhan Gorgisen, Ines Domingo-Orti, Hector Perez-Montoyo, Jose R. Bayascas, Eva Colas, Xavier Dolcet, Jose M. Lizcano
Summary: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries, and its overall survival rate is poor. This study suggests that inhibiting the ERK5/NF-kB pathway can suppress cell proliferation and survival in endometrial cancer and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lydvina Meister, Hector Escriva, Stephanie Bertrand
Summary: Photoconvertible proteins are valuable tools in cellular biology and have recently been used in developmental biology to study cell lineage and fate during embryonic development. This article presents a protocol for tracking specific cells during the embryogenesis of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma lanceolatum using a photoconvertible protein called Kaede. The protocol can be adapted for use with other unconventional animal models, particularly marine animals.
Article
Fisheries
Hongyu Wang, Ge Lin, Jie Zhou, Yongqin Zong, Xianhui Ning, Tao Wang, Shaowu Yin, Kai Zhang, Jie Ji
Summary: Hypoxia has become a significant issue in aquatic environments and aquaculture systems. In this study, a hypoxia-tolerant hybrid fish strain was generated through artificial insemination. The hybrid exhibited higher hatching rate, improved hypoxia-tolerance, and evidence of tissue remodeling in response to hypoxia. Rapid response of HIF-related genes and activation of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the hybrid. This study provides an alternative method for generating hypoxia-tolerant fish strains through hybridization breeding in aquaculture.
Article
Fisheries
Mauricio Rojas-Pena, Patricia Aceituno, Maria E. Salvador, Marlid Garcia-Ordonez, Mariana Teles, Maria Del Mar Ortega-Villaizan, Luis Perez, Nerea Roher
Summary: Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is a vaccine orphan disease that mainly affects juvenile carp. Researchers have developed a platform based on nanostructured recombinant proteins that provides excellent protection against SVC virus. The platform can induce antiviral response and provide effective protection through oral administration in carp.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ksenia Skvortsova, Stephanie Bertrand, Danila Voronov, Paul E. Duckett, Samuel E. Ross, Marta Silvia Magri, Ignacio Maeso, Robert J. Weatheritt, Jose Luis Gomez Skarmeta, Maria Ina Arnone, Hector Escriva, Ozren Bogdanovic
Summary: The study shows that invertebrate deuterostomes use TET enzymes for targeted demethylation of regulatory regions associated with developmental genes, indicating a conservation of this major gene-regulatory module in vertebrates.
Article
Biology
Amparo Roig Adam, Jose A. Martinez-Lopez, Sophie J. F. van der Spek, Patrick F. Sullivan, August B. Smit, Matthijs Verhage, Jens Hjerling-Leffler, Tilmann Achsele, Maria Andres-Alonso, Claudia Bagni, Alex Bayes, Thomas Biederer, Nils Brose, John Jia En Chua, Marcelo Coba, L. Niels Cornelisse, Jaime de Juan-Sanz, Hana L. Goldschmidt, Eckart D. Gundelfinger, Richard L. Huganir, Cordelia Imig, Reinhard Jahn, Hwajin Jung, Pascal S. Kaeser, Eunjoon Kim, Frank Koopmans, Michael R. Kreutz, Noa Lipstein, Harold D. MacGillavry, Peter S. McPherson, Vincent O'Connor, Rainer Pielot, Timothy A. Ryan, Carlo Sala, Morgan Sheng, Karl-Heinz Smalla, Paul D. Thomas, Ruud F. Toonen, Jan R. T. van Weering, Matthijs Verhage, Chiara Verpelli
Summary: Synapse diversity has been described from different perspectives, ranging from the specific neurotransmitters released, to their diverse biophysical properties and proteome profiles. However, synapse diversity at the transcriptional level has not been systematically identified across all synapse populations in the brain. To quantify and identify specific synaptic features of neuronal cell types, the SynGO database was combined with single-cell RNA sequencing data of the mouse neocortex. This study provides a deeper understanding of synapse diversity in the neocortex and identifies potential markers to selectively identify synapses from specific neuronal populations.
Article
Biology
Salvatore D'Aniello, Stephanie Bertrand, Hector Escriva
Summary: This article describes the life cycle of amphioxus, discusses the natural histories and habitats of different species, and explores the use of amphioxus as a laboratory animal model and the techniques developed for studying various aspects of amphioxus.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Irene Brandts, Roger Sola, Marlid Garcia-Ordonez, Alex Gella, Albert Quintana, Beatriz Martin, Anna Esteve-Codina, Mariana Teles, Nerea Roher
Summary: Nanoplastics (NPs) can accumulate in different environmental compartments and provoke effects in living organisms, including fish cells. In this study, the interaction between polystyrene (PS)-NPs and fish cells was investigated. It was found that PS-NPs can enter cells through endocytosis, phagocytosis, or passive transport, and they co-localize with lysosomes but not with mitochondria once internalized. PS-NPs do not trigger ROS production or alter mitochondrial respiration, but they interfere with lipid metabolism, peroxisomes, and PPAR signaling. In macrophages, PS-NPs modulate polarization towards the M2-like phenotype.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jan Grzelak, Mariana Teles, Nerea Roher, Alba Grayston, Anna Rosell, Marti Gich, Anna Roig
Summary: This study investigates the potential applications of rod-shaped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSR) in liver imaging and therapy. The results demonstrate that these magnetic MSR particles are not cytotoxic and can be successfully taken up by liver cells. The rods can penetrate fibrous tissues or mucus layers more efficiently than spherical particles.