Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shijie Wang, Xi Chen, Chao Zhao, Yuxin Kong, Baojun Lin, Yongyi Wu, Zhaozhao Bi, Ziyi Xuan, Tao Li, Yuxiang Li, Wei Zhang, En Ma, Zhongrui Wang, Wei Ma
Summary: By integrating sensing, memory and processing capabilities, a new organic electrochemical transistor with a vertical traverse architecture and a crystalline-amorphous channel can function as a volatile receptor and a non-volatile synapse. The device has the potential for multi-modal sensing, low switching stochasticity and good state retention, demonstrating its suitability for real-time cardiac disease diagnoses.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhiping Bian, Qian Yang, Mitsuki Yoshimura, Hai Jun Cho, Joonhyuk Lee, Hyoungjeen Jeen, Takashi Endo, Yasutaka Matsuo, Hiromichi Ohta
Summary: Researchers have successfully modulated the thermal conductivity of solid-state electrochemical thermal transistors by manipulating the ordered lattice arrangement of the material, leading to improved performance.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jinran Yu, Shanshan Qin, Huai Zhang, Yichen Wei, Xiaoxiao Zhu, Ya Yang, Qijun Sun
Summary: The study presents a novel fiber-shaped triboiontronic electrochemical transistor with excellent electrical performance, including a high on/off current ratio, extremely low off-current, average threshold displacement, etc., demonstrating great potential for applications in flexible, functional, and self-powered electronic textiles.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jianlong Ji, Zhenxing Wang, Fan Zhang, Bin Wang, Yan Niu, Xiaoning Jiang, Zeng-ying Qiao, Tian-ling Ren, Wendong Zhang, Shengbo Sang, Zhengdong Cheng, Qijun Sun
Summary: A pulse-driven synaptic electrochemical transistor is proposed for supersensitive and ultrafast biosensors. By pulsing the input and setting the modulation potential, the sensor achieves high sensitivity and fast response. The optimized working point is found through mathematical derivations, providing higher sensitivity and non-fluctuating amplification capability. This transistor offers a new paradigm for standardizing and commercializing high-performance biosensors.
Article
Polymer Science
Muzhao Wang, Paul Wilson
Summary: This study utilizes the primary amide side-chain of acrylamide copolymers as an isocyanate surrogate. The isocyanate is generated through an electrochemical Hofmann rearrangement under mild conditions, resulting in the formation of O-alkyl carbamate side-chains in alcohol solvents. This represents a novel strategy for modifying amide-functionalized (co)polymers.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Luca Salvigni, Federica Mariani, Isacco Gualandi, Francesco Decataldo, Marta Tessarolo, Domenica Tonelli, Beatrice Fraboni, Erika Scavetta
Summary: Accurate quantification of vitamins content is crucial for assessing the quality of our diet and its impact on our health. This study presents the development of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based sensor for the detection of fat-soluble Vitamin A. The sensor demonstrates both potentiostatic and potentiodynamic detection methods, with the former achieving a low detection limit of 115 nM and the latter allowing selective detection in the presence of α-Tocopherol. The sensor also shows promising potential for real-time analysis and robustness in the analysis of commercial food fortifiers without sample pretreatment.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Reem B. Rashid, Xudong Ji, Jonathan Rivnay
Summary: This review focuses on efforts to incorporate individual OECTs into digital, analog, and neuromorphic circuits, as well as important considerations for systems integration. It summarizes the operation principles and functions of OECT-based circuits, and discusses approaches for wireless power and data transmission in biological and bio-inspired applications. Additionally, it comments on the future directions and challenges facing OECT circuits from both a fundamental and applied perspective.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Joohyuk Kang, Young-Woo Lim, Injun Lee, Seungwan Kim, Kyung Yeun Kim, Wonryung Lee, Byeong-Soo Bae
Summary: In this study, a photopatternable elastomer called TC-PDMS was developed. TC-PDMS showed high-resolution patternability and had similar stretchability and Young's modulus as conventional PDMS. The application of TC-PDMS in stretchable bioelectric devices demonstrated its ability to record electrocardiographic signals.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Van Chinh Tran, Gabriella G. Mastantuoni, Marzieh Zabihipour, Lengwan Li, Lars Berglund, Magnus Berggren, Qi Zhou, Isak Engquist
Summary: The discovery of mass transport in plants has led to the development of low-cost and sustainable wood-based electronics. In this study, a wood electrochemical transistor (WECT) was created using conductive wood (CW) for all three electrodes, prepared through a two-step process. The modified wood exhibited high electrical conductivity due to the incorporation of PEDOT:PSS microstructures. The WECT showed promising performance for electrical current modulation and demonstrated potential for bio-based electronic devices.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Federica Mariani, Isacco Gualandi, Wolfgang Schuhmann, Erika Scavetta
Summary: Electrode miniaturization has revolutionized electrochemical sensing, allowing for high-resolution probing of biological events, integration with microfluidics, and design of multiplexed sensing arrays. Despite the advancements, there is still room for improvement in lab-on-a-chip devices, brain chemistry, and cell monitoring.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiaohong Li, Ran Bi, Xingcheng Ou, Songjia Han, Yu Sheng, Guoliang Chen, Zhuang Xie, Chuan Liu, Wan Yue, Yan Wang, Weijie Hu, Shuang-Zhuang Guo
Summary: A new method is proposed in this study, which combines the preparation of a microstructured hydrophilic substrate, multimaterial printing of functional inks with varying viscosities, and optimization of the device channel geometries. As a result, intrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with synaptic properties are successfully fabricated. These devices demonstrate high transconductance, excellent mechanical softness, and stretchability, and can mimic the functionality of biological synapses.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiaohong Li, Ran Bi, Xingcheng Ou, Songjia Han, Yu Sheng, Guoliang Chen, Zhuang Xie, Chuan Liu, Wan Yue, Yan Wang, Weijie Hu, Shuang-Zhuang Guo
Summary: We propose a fabrication method for intrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) by combining a microstructured hydrophilic substrate, multimaterial printing of functional inks, and optimization of device channel geometries. The resulting OECT array exhibits high transconductance (22.5 mS), excellent mechanical softness (Young's modulus similar to 2.2 MPa), and stretchability (similar to 30%). Moreover, the device demonstrates artificial synapse functionality, mimicking biological synapses with features such as paired-pulse depression, short-term plasticity, and long-term plasticity. This study provides a promising strategy for fabricating stretchable OECTs and offers valuable insights for the development of brain-computer interfaces.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mitsuki Yoshimura, Qian Yang, Zhiping Bian, Hiromichi Ohta
Summary: Researchers have developed a solid-state thermal transistor that can control the thermal conductivity of an active material through electrochemical reactions, which is practical and significant.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Josefin Nissa, Per Janson, Daniel T. Simon, Magnus Berggren
Summary: This paper expands on the OECT function model to include negative gate potentials, allowing prediction of transconductance and general biosensor performance across a broader application range. An optimal combination of drain and (negative) gate potentials yielding maximal transconductance is found, along with the discovery that reducing the pinch-off potential below the water-splitting limit can result in larger operational windows at the highest transconductance. The expanded model provides general guidelines for OECT operation to achieve optimal amplification and biosensor performance.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhuoqiong Zhang, Yabing Tang, Yunfan Wang, Zixin Zeng, Run Shi, Han Yan, Sai-Wing Tsang, Chun Cheng, Shu Kong So
Summary: The thermal transport efficiency of organic semiconductors is lower compared to crystalline inorganic semiconductors. This study demonstrates that blending with an insulator, such as polystyrene, can enhance the heat conduction of organic semiconductors. The improved heat transfer is attributed to better intimate mixing and bridging between the host material and the insulator.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Timothy D. Brown, Stephanie M. Bohaichuk, Mahnaz Islam, Suhas Kumar, Eric Pop, R. Stanley Williams
Summary: This study presents a model of VO2/SiN Mott threshold switches constructed using the principle of local activity. The model is refined to measurable material properties by considering a minimal set of quasistatic and dynamic electrical and thermal data. It accurately predicts electrical and thermal conductivities and capacitances, as well as locally active dynamics.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Cagil Koroglu, Eric Pop
Summary: As physical transistor scaling nears its limits and memory bandwidth becomes a bottleneck for many applications, three-dimensional (3D) integration offers a promising solution to continue Moore's law. Effective thermal management is essential to maximize the performance benefits of 3D integrated circuits (ICs), and using high thermal conductivity insulators like AlN and hBN can significantly reduce thermal resistance and overcome thermal challenges. In addition, highly anisotropic insulators such as hBN can be utilized as heat spreaders in memory-on-logic architectures to keep both memory and logic dies cool.
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weisheng Li, Xiaoshu Gong, Zhihao Yu, Liang Ma, Wenjie Sun, Si Gao, Cagil Koroglu, Wenfeng Wang, Lei Liu, Taotao Li, Hongkai Ning, Dongxu Fan, Yifei Xu, Xuecou Tu, Tao Xu, Litao Sun, Wenhui Wang, Junpeng Lu, Zhenhua Ni, Jia Li, Xidong Duan, Peng Wang, Yuefeng Nie, Hao Qiu, Yi Shi, Eric Pop, Jinlan Wang, Xinran Wang
Summary: By hybridizing with semi-metallic antimony (0112) through strong van der Waals interactions, the electrical contact of monolayer molybdenum disulfide is improved, meeting the requirements for the development of next-generation electronics.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Aditya Sood, Jonah B. Haber, Johan Carlstrom, Elizabeth A. Peterson, Elyse Barre, Johnathan D. Georgaras, Alexander H. M. Reid, Xiaozhe Shen, Marc E. Zajac, Emma C. Regan, Jie Yang, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Feng Wang, Xijie Wang, Jeffrey B. Neaton, Tony F. Heinz, Aaron M. Lindenberg, Felipe H. da Jornada, Archana Raja
Summary: In this study, lattice dynamics in photoexcited WSe2/WS2 heterostructures were directly visualized using femtosecond electron diffraction. It was found that both WSe2 and WS2 were heated simultaneously on a picosecond timescale, which cannot be explained by phonon transport across the interface. First-principles calculations revealed a fast channel involving layer-hybridized electronic states, enabling phonon-assisted interlayer transfer of photoexcited electrons. Phonons were emitted in both layers on the femtosecond timescale via this channel, consistent with the simultaneous lattice heating observed experimentally. Strong electron-phonon coupling via layer-hybridized electronic states was identified as a novel route for controlling energy transport across atomic junctions.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sumaiya Wahid, Alwin Daus, Jimin Kwon, Shengjun Qin, Jung-Soo Ko, H. -S. Philip Wong, Eric Pop
Summary: We report the performance and gate bias stress stability of ultrathin (similar to 4 nm) channel indium tin oxide (ITO) transistors using different precursors for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of the Al2O3 top-gate dielectric. Water-based ALD leads to devices remaining in the on-state, while ozone-based ALD devices have less negative V-T shift at short channel lengths and relatively more positive V-T at all channel lengths. We achieve maximum drive current and good gate bias stability with normalized VT shift, improving over previous reports of uncapped ITO transistors.
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Giuliano Benenti, Davide Donadio, Stefano Lepri, Roberto Livi
Summary: Energy transfer in small nano-sized systems can be very different from that in their macroscopic counterparts due to reduced dimensionality, interaction with surfaces, disorder, and large fluctuations. We provide an overview of recent advances in understanding non-diffusive heat transfer in these systems through nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and atomistic simulations. The underlying basic properties leading to violations of standard diffusive heat transport and the effects of long-range interaction and integrability on non-diffusive transport are discussed. We also explore the applications of these features in thermal management, rectification, and improving energy conversion efficiency.
RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Stephanie M. Bohaichuk, Suhas Kumar, Mahnaz Islam, Miguel Munoz Rojo, R. Stanley Williams, Gregory Pitner, Jaewoo Jeong, Mahesh G. Samant, Stuart S. P. Parkin, Eric Pop
Summary: Oscillatory devices are important in biomimetic neuronal spiking computing systems, but understanding their time scales is challenging due to the influence of external circuitry. In this study, we demonstrate the challenges using a sub-100-nm VO2 Mott oscillator with a nanogap cut in a metallic carbon nanotube electrode. Despite its nanoscale thermal volume, external parasitics result in orders-of-magnitude slower dynamics. We discuss methods for determining when measurements are dominated by extrinsic factors and the conditions for observing intrinsic oscillation frequencies.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Emanuel Ber, Ryan W. Grady, Eric Pop, Eilam Yalon
Summary: Achieving good electrical contacts is a major challenge in devices based on atomically thin 2D semiconductors. This study experimentally examines the classical transmission line model description of contacts to 2D materials and proposes a modification based on an additional lateral resistance component. It finds that the additional lateral resistance component dominates the contact resistance in atomically thin semiconductor devices and is responsible for the back-gate bias and temperature dependence.
ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Il-Kwon Oh, Asir Intisar Khan, Shengjun Qin, Yujin Lee, H. -S. Philip Wong, Eric Pop, Stacey F. Bent
Summary: This study explores the application of area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) technique in the fabrication of RRAM devices and finds that AS-ALD can improve the reliability and accuracy of RRAM, regardless of device size. The application of this technique will contribute to the improvement of other data storage technologies.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christopher Perez, Aaron J. Mcleod, Michelle E. Chen, Su-In Yi, Sam Vaziri, Ryan Hood, Scott T. Ueda, Xinyu Bao, Mehdi Asheghi, Woosung Park, A. Alec Talin, Suhas Kumar, Eric Pop, Andrew C. Kummel, Kenneth E. Goodson
Summary: Aluminum nitride (AlN) is an electrically insulating material with excellent thermal conductivity. This study demonstrates the deposition of AlN films at low temperatures using sputtering, and analyzes their thermal properties based on grain size and interfacial quality. The results show that varying the partial pressure of reactive N2 can significantly alter the thermal conductivity of the films, and the defect densities can be estimated from the measurements, providing insights for optimizing the thermal engineering of AlN.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joel Martis, Sandhya Susarla, Archith Rayabharam, Cong Su, Timothy Paule, Philipp Pelz, Cassandra Huff, Xintong Xu, Hao-Kun Li, Marc Jaikissoon, Victoria Chen, Eric Pop, Krishna Saraswat, Alex Zettl, Narayana R. Aluru, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, Peter Ercius, Arun Majumdar
Summary: Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) was used to determine the electron charge density in monolayer MoS2 by combining center of mass (CoM) images and annular dark field (ADF) images. The contribution of core electrons and valence electrons to the charge density was evaluated, with the core electrons mainly responsible for the spatial modulation and the valence electrons forming a featureless background. This study highlights the importance of probe shape in interpreting charge densities derived from 4D-STEM and suggests the need for smaller electron probes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Agnieszka Anna Corley-Wiciak, Shunda Chen, Omar Concepcion, Marvin Hartwig Zoellner, Detlev Gruetzmacher, Dan Buca, Tianshu Li, Giovanni Capellini, Davide Spirito
Summary: In this study, the arrangement of Ge and Sn atoms in optoelectronic grade Ge1-xSnx epitaxial layers was investigated using polarization-dependent Raman spectroscopy and density-functional-theory calculations. The analysis of the polarization-dependent spectra allowed for the identification of vibrational modes and the understanding of disorder-assisted Raman transitions. Atomistic simulations demonstrated that the presence of Sn atoms alters the local environments of Ge atoms, resulting in two spectral features at different Raman shifts corresponding to distortions of the atomic bonds. This analysis provides a valuable framework for advancing the understanding of the vibrational properties in Ge1-xSnx alloys and the impact of local ordering of different atomic species.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Aviv Schwarz, Hadas Alon-Yehezkel, Adi Levi, Rajesh Kumar Yadav, Koushik Majhi, Yael Tzuriel, Lauren Hoang, Connor S. Bailey, Thomas Brumme, Andrew J. Mannix, Hagai Cohen, Eilam Yalon, Thomas Heine, Eric Pop, Ori Cheshnovsky, Doron Naveh
Summary: Recent research on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has led to important discoveries in fundamental phenomena and device applications. In this study, a two-step treatment with organic molecules was used to heal native defects in CVD-grown WSe2 and WS2. The adsorption of thiols was found to only partially passivate defects, but molecular trimming and release of atomic sulfur significantly improved semiconductor quality. Time-dependent XPS and first-principles calculations were used to characterize defects and their healing.
NPJ 2D MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Timm Swoboda, Nicolas Wainstein, Sanchit Deshmukh, Cagil Koroglu, Xing Gao, Mario Lanza, Hans Hilgenkamp, Eric Pop, Eilam Yalon, Miguel Munoz Rojo
Summary: Heat dissipation is a major concern for electronic devices, especially at the nanoscale. Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a versatile tool for measuring device temperature with nanoscale resolution but quantifying thermal features is challenging. This study calibrates a thermo-resistive SThM probe using metal lines of different widths and evaluates its sensitivity under different conditions. The results provide new insights for accurately determining the temperature of scanned devices.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hon-Loen Sinn, Aravindh Kumar, Eric Pop, Akm Newaz
Summary: Researchers demonstrated a bismuth-1L-MoS2-bismuth device with ohmic electrical contacts and extraordinary optoelectronic properties by suppressing metal-induced gap states (MIGS) at the metal-monolayer MoS2 interface. This overcomes Fermi-level pinning and expands the application range of optoelectronic devices based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
ADVANCED PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
