Article
Environmental Sciences
Cesar O. Arevalo-Hernandez, Enrique Arevalo-Gardini, Fiorella Barraza, Abel Farfan, Zhenli He, Virupax C. Baligar
Summary: The study identified 11 cacao genotypes with low Cd accumulation potential, suggesting their potential use as rootstocks to reduce the negative impacts of Cd on economically important crops.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Cesar O. Arevalo-Hernandez, Enrique Arevalo-Gardini, Abel Farfan, Martin Amaringo-Gomez, Andrew Daymond, Dapeng Zhang, Virupax C. Baligar
Summary: Cacao is an important tropical crop, but the soils it grows in are often acidic and low in fertility. This study evaluated 60 cacao genotypes and found that early growth predictors of acid soil tolerance are the number of leaves and root area. Nutrient uptake, particularly for N, Ca, Mg, and K, may play a role in soil acidity tolerance. Ten genotypes were identified as potentially tolerant to soil acidity and could be used for breeding acid soil-tolerant cacao varieties.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jonina S. Gudmundsdottir, Elizabeth G. A. Fredheim, Catharina I. M. Koumans, Joachim Hegstad, Po-Cheng Tang, Dan Andersson, Orjan Samuelsen, Pal J. Johnsen
Summary: The study found that methotrexate may selectively promote the evolution of trimethoprim resistance determinants, and selectively acts on them when co-existing on a multi-drug resistance plasmid. These selective effects occur at concentrations below the minimal inhibitory concentration of methotrexate.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariyah Pressley, Jill A. Gallaher, Joel S. Brown, Michal R. Tomaszewski, Punit Borad, Mehdi Damaghi, Robert J. Gillies, Christopher J. Whelan
Summary: The study predicts the impact of fluctuating oxygen levels on HIF-alpha stabilization and cell proliferation. It suggests that facultative HIF-alpha regulation promotes greater net cell proliferation in certain environments, but under rapid oxygen fluctuations, both regulatory strategies exhibit similar cell fitness.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. Cahill, D. Patton, B. Reilly, K. M. Pierce, B. Horan
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing stocking rate (SR) and extending grazing season (GS) length on pasture and animal productivity on a marginal, poorly draining soil type. The study found that extending the grazing season significantly increased pasture production, while stocking rate had no significant effect on cow production. These findings provide strong evidence for achieving high levels of pasture utilization and milk production per hectare, while reducing the need for supplementary feed in spring-calving grazing systems.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Alex J. DeGrave, Joseph D. Janizek, Su-In Lee
Summary: Recent deep learning systems to detect COVID-19 from chest radiographs may rely on confounding factors rather than medical pathology, leading to accuracy issues when tested in new hospitals. The approach to obtain training data for these AI systems introduces a nearly ideal scenario for learning spurious shortcuts, raising concerns in medical-imaging AI. Evaluation of models on external data is insufficient to ensure reliance on medically relevant pathology, highlighting the importance of explainable AI for clinical deployment of machine-learning healthcare models.
NATURE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Pamela Gonzalez-Davila, Markus Schwalbe, Arpit Danewalia, Boushra Dalile, Kristin Verbeke, Sushil K. Mahata, Sahar El Aidy
Summary: The gut epithelium secretes antimicrobial peptides to control the action of gut microbes, and the microbes have evolved antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. This study found that the antimicrobial peptide CST can affect the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, and it is related to the production of short-chain fatty acids by the microbiota. In addition, the study also found that a certain bacterium can degrade CST, and the gene abundance is higher in patients with Crohn's disease.
Article
Ecology
Thi Bao-Anh Nguyen, Michael Bonkowski, Kenneth Dumack, Qing-Lin Chen, Ji-Zheng He, Hang-Wei Hu
Summary: This study investigated the response of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil to predation pressure from protists. The results showed that an increase in protistan predation pressure was associated with higher abundance and diversity of ARGs in the soil. High concentrations of protists significantly increased the abundance of genes encoding multidrug and tetracycline resistance, as well as the abundance of certain bacterial genera.
Article
Microbiology
V. P. O'Brien, L. K. Jackson, J. P. Frick, A. E. Rodriguez Martinez, D. S. Jones, C. D. Johnston, N. R. Salama
Summary: Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is the primary risk factor for developing stomach cancer. In a transgenic mouse gastric metaplasia model, H. pylori strains from unrelated individuals differed in their ability to infect the stomach and colonize metaplastic glands. Genetic variation in a cell surface adhesin gene called sabB was associated with the ability to colonize the diseased stomach environment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mehdi Damaghi, Jeffrey West, Mark Robertson-Tessi, Liping Xu, Meghan C. Ferrall-Fairbanks, Paul A. Stewart, Erez Persi, Brooke L. Fridley, Philipp M. Altrock, Robert A. Gatenby, Peter A. Sims, Alexander R. A. Anderson, Robert J. Gillies
Summary: The harsh microenvironment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) selects for a Warburg Effect (WE) phenotype through constitutive transcriptional reprogramming, with KLF4 potentially being an inducer of the WE phenotype. In vitro results were used to simulate DCIS phenotypic evolution using a mathematical model.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Luke Lear, Elze Hesse, Angus Buckling, Michiel Vos
Summary: This study demonstrates a direct link between metal stress and bacterial virulence, highlighting the detrimental effects of metal pollution on human health.
Article
Ecology
Maciej J. Ejsmond, Jacek Radwan, Anna Ejsmond, Tomasz Gaczorek, Wieslaw Babik
Summary: The coevolution between host and pathogen can influence the evolution of host life histories, including age at maturation and body size. The MHC-pathogen coevolution and its impact on host mortality rates can lead to postponed maturation and increased body size.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Swapnil Rohidas Shinde, David U. Mick, Erika Aoki, Rachel B. Rodrigues, Steven P. Gygi, Maxence V. Nachury
Summary: Many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) within cilia require TOM1L2 and the BBSome for their regulated exit from cilia. TOM1L2 directly binds to UbK63 chains and the BBSome, enabling the retrieval of UbK63-tagged proteins by the ciliary trafficking machinery. This study provides insight into the molecular basis of UbK63 recognition and the role of TOM1L2 in ciliary protein clearance.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2023)
Review
Ecology
William Soto, Michele K. Nishiguchi
Summary: Symbiotic bacteria in the Vibrionaceae are a dynamic group of gamma-Proteobacteria that can adapt to various environmental stresses due to their dual lifestyle, increasing ecological diversity.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sadegh Ghorbani, Ali Shahrokhtash, Julien E. Gautrot, Duncan S. Sutherland
Summary: This study demonstrates that the pattern of Ln332 determines the type of cellular adhesion, with a size-dependent initiation and maturation of hemidesmosomes. The protein nanopatterning approach presented here provides a new in vitro route to study the role of hemidesmosomes in cell signaling and function.
Article
Ecology
Elena Albertsen, Oystein H. Opedal, Geir H. Bolstad, Rocio Perez-Barrales, Thomas F. Hansen, Christophe Pelabon, W. Scott Armbruster
Summary: Studying pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits can help understand and link the variation in selection to differences in ecological context. Research results indicate that selection on traits affecting pollen transfer from the pollinator to the stigmas is strong when cross-pollination is unreliable.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Sebastian Wacker, Tonje Aronsen, Sten Karlsson, Ola Ugedal, Ola H. Diserud, Eva M. Ulvan, Kjetil Hindar, Tor F. Naesje
Summary: The study found that genetic introgression from escaped farmed salmon negatively impacts the survival rate of wild Atlantic salmon in a river in northern Norway, leading to a decrease in population-level genetic introgression. This suggests that there is natural selection against genetic introgression in the wild, potentially resulting in lower productivity.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
R. D. Hedger, O. H. Diserud, B. Finstad, A. J. Jensen, D. K. Hendrichsen, O. Ugedal, T. F. Naesje
Summary: The study reveals that infestation of salmon lice can potentially lead to significant declines in sea trout population, even at low rates of infestation. Compensatory behavioral mechanisms aid in reducing these declines, however, persistent premature return may result in reduced body mass of returning adults. The shape of the stock-recruitment relationship strongly influences how lice-induced mortality impacts the population.
AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Christophe Pelabon, Elena Albertsen, Arnaud Le Rouzic, Cyril Firmat, Geir H. Bolstad, W. Scott Armbruster, Thomas F. Hansen
Summary: In a selection experiment on floral traits in two taxa of the Dalechampia scandens species complex, responses were found to be asymmetrical and lower than predicted, with genetic drift likely being a dominant source of uncertainty in plant selection experiments.
Article
Fisheries
Sebastian A. Pardo, Geir H. Bolstad, J. Brian Dempson, Julien April, Ross A. Jones, Dustin Raab, Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Summary: The study found that the trends in marine survival varied among different populations of Atlantic salmon, with the changes in marine survival primarily affecting the returning numbers after one year for the fish. However, other factors also played a role in the variations in return abundances among populations.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elorri Arevalo, Hilaire Drouineau, Stephane Tetard, Caroline M. F. Durif, Ola H. Diserud, W. Russell Poole, Anthony Maire
Summary: Climate change is altering the hydrological and thermal conditions of rivers globally, posing a threat to the migratory patterns of European eels. Changes in river water temperature and discharge have led to a mismatch between the preferred migratory conditions of silver eels and the actual environmental conditions, potentially endangering the completion of their life cycle.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Thomas F. Hansen, Geir H. Bolstad, Masahito Tsuboi
Summary: Understanding variation in rates of evolution and morphological disparity is the goal of this study. Three explicit models are presented to study the linkage between the rate of evolution of one trait and the state of another evolving trait. The study reveals that even strong causal effects have low power to explain variation in disparity. By testing the influence of brain size on beak-shape evolution in birds, the study finds that both macro- and microevolution of the beak are faster in birds with larger brains, but the effects of relative brain size are inconsistent.
SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Stefan Palm, Sten Karlsson, Ola H. Diserud
Summary: The study confirmed the presence of escaped farmed salmon and genetic introgression in salmon rivers on the west coast of Sweden, at levels similar to those in neighboring Norway. These findings raise concerns over the long-term impact of escaped farmed salmon on the ecosystem, highlighting the need for more permanent monitoring. The results also suggest that farmed gene flow may pose a transboundary problem with potential international implications.
AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Geir H. Bolstad, Sten Karlsson, Ingerid J. Hagen, Peder Fiske, Kurt Urdal, Harald Saegrov, Bjorn Floro-Larsen, Vegard P. Sollien, Gunnel Ostborg, Ola H. Diserud, Arne J. Jensen, Kjetil Hindar
Summary: After fifty years of salmon farming, the study found that genetic introgression from farmed escapees can accelerate the growth rate of wild Atlantic salmon and lead to earlier seaward migration and sexual maturity, with significant variation among populations. Additionally, variation at major-effect loci associated with age at maturity was minimally affected by farmed genetic ancestry.
Article
Fisheries
V. Fernandez-Gonzalez, E. M. Ulvan, P. Sanchez-Jerez, O. H. Diserud, K. Toledo-Guedes, N. Casado-Coy, P. Klebert, I. Uglem
Summary: This study aims to evaluate and determine a standardized method to measure sea lice abundance in the salmon farming industry, providing a sampling and analysis strategy for quantifying sea lice larvae. Quantifying sea lice larvae can lead to more accurate predictions of their dispersal and the risk of infestation in salmon farms.
Article
Fisheries
Arne J. Jensen, Ola H. Diserud, Bengt Finstad, Peder Fiske, Eva B. Thorstad
Summary: The timing of seaward migration is crucial for the growth and survival of anadromous fish species. Early migrating individuals show higher growth and survival rates, while first-time migrants have increased survival with body length and number of smolts migrating simultaneously.
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Ronan James O'Sullivan, Mikhail Ozerov, Geir H. Bolstad, John Gilbey, Jan Arge Jacobsen, Jaakko Erkinaro, Audun H. Rikardsen, Kjetil Hindar, Tutku Aykanat
Summary: The oceans around the Faroe Islands serve as a feeding ground for Atlantic salmon. The utilization of this resource varies among different age classes and populations, with multi-sea winter salmon being more likely to migrate to the Faroes.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arne J. Jensen, Ingerid J. Hagen, Yann Czorlich, Geir H. Bolstad, Gunnbjorn Bremset, Bengt Finstad, Kjetil Hindar, Oystein Skaala, Sten Karlsson
Summary: Understanding the potential of natural populations to adapt to altered environments is crucial in evolutionary research. In this study, we investigated how the body mass of Atlantic salmon adapts to river regulation using time series data spanning nearly a century. Our results revealed that the change in body mass followed the change in waterflow, and allele frequency changes at specific loci predicted a significant portion of the observed reduction in body mass. Modeling the adaptive dynamics showed that the population mean lagged behind before catching up after approximately six salmon generations.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Marion Sinclair-Waters, Torfinn Nome, Jing Wang, Sigbjorn Lien, Matthew P. Kent, Harald Saegrov, Bjorn Floro-Larsen, Geir H. Bolstad, Craig R. Primmer, Nicola J. Barson
Summary: This study investigates the mutational composition of sea age at maturation in Atlantic salmon and finds that the genetic architecture may involve multiple loci with simple alleles and a locus with potentially more complex alleles. It provides a useful multi-SNP framework for characterizing genetic variation underlying phenotypes in wild populations using sequencing data.
