Article
Immunology
Sachiko Ozawa, Holly B. Schuh, Tomoka Nakamura, Tatenda T. Yemeke, Yi-Fang Ashley Lee, Noni E. Macdonald
Summary: Resilience in vaccination demand is crucial in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, where there is timid demand for vaccines and reduced uptake of routine immunizations. The Vaccination Demand Resilience (VDR) framework highlights the complexity of vaccination demand and offers interventions to improve vaccination resilience. Interventions such as information, education, incentives, and provider communications can help address incongruences in individuals' attitudes, behaviors, and vaccination status.
Article
Pediatrics
Sophia R. Newcomer, Jason M. Glanz, Matthew F. Daley
Summary: The recommended immunization schedule by ACIP in the US provides a structure for administering 10 different vaccines to children under 18 months. Current focus on childhood immunization coverage at age 24 does not reflect vaccine doses received as recommended or whether vaccines were given together. This paper discusses innovations in measuring adherence to immunization schedule through timely vaccinations and undervaccination patterns. These measures can contribute to population-based surveillance of vaccine confidence and improve early childhood vaccination rates in the US.
ACADEMIC PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Santosh Kumar Rauniyar, Yoko Iwaki, Daisuke Yoneoka, Masahiro Hashizume, Shuhei Nomura
Summary: Although Nepal has achieved a 90% crude coverage of childhood vaccines, the age-appropriate coverage is significantly low, especially in provinces like Province 2 and Province 6. Timeliness of vaccination is associated with subnational regions and season of childbirth, highlighting the need for tailored strategies to ensure timely administration of childhood vaccines at national and subnational levels.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
K. M. Jong, C. A. Sikora, S. E. MacDonald
Summary: The study found that reminders and recalls can improve appointment attendance, but their time-consuming and resource-intensive nature is a major weakness. Participants believed that improving reminder/recall systems through modernizing delivery methods, providing educational information, and addressing language barriers could enhance their effectiveness.
Article
Immunology
Arman R. Badalyan, Marine Hovhannisyan, Gayane Ghavalyan, Mary M. Ter-Stepanyan, Rory Cave, Jennifer Cole, Andrew W. K. Farlow, Hermine Mkrtchyan
Summary: The study highlights low vaccine coverage and high vaccination hesitancy in Yerevan, Armenia. Physicians displayed varying levels of knowledge regarding the HPV vaccine, indicating a need for additional training and educational activities to improve understanding and trust in vaccination programs. The drivers of vaccine hesitancy are complex and may not be consistent for different vaccines, suggesting the importance of tailored approaches in addressing this issue.
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rachel L. Eagan, Heidi J. Larson, Alexandre de Figueiredo
Summary: Declining trends in vaccine confidence, particularly among young adults, are a cause for concern as they coincide with low routine immunization coverage. This article discusses recent research on global vaccine confidence levels and trends, the factors influencing confidence, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vaccine confidence. Timely examination of the causes and consequences of waning vaccine confidence, as well as critical evaluation of COVID-19 response measures, is crucial in preventing further losses in vaccine confidence and building resilience for future health crises.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xiaomin Wang, Leesa Lin, Jiayao Xu, Weiyi Wang, Xudong Zhou
Summary: This study found that parents who had higher levels of trust towards crisis communication information and better critical understanding of crisis information were less likely to exhibit vaccine hesitancy. Additionally, parents with lower confidence in vaccine efficacy were more likely to be hesitant, but also more likely to maintain their vaccine intentions.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Annalise Julia Tolley, Victoria C. Scott, Mary Louise Mitsdarffer, Jonathan P. Scaccia
Summary: This study examined the impact of vaccine hesitancy on the relationship between county-level social/structural barriers and vaccine coverage. The results showed a significant negative relationship between the COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage Index (CVAC) and vaccine coverage. When vaccine hesitancy was introduced as a moderator, the model explained additional variance in vaccine coverage. The study also found that county-level ethno-racial composition was associated with vaccination rates.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jessica R. Cataldi, Sean T. O'Leary
Summary: Recent studies have expanded understanding of global parental vaccine hesitancy, identifying common concerns such as uncertainty, vaccine safety, and efficacy. Strategies to address hesitancy include presumptive or announcement vaccine recommendations, motivational interviewing, and the use of various immunization delivery strategies.
CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
M. Buus, I. da Silva, S. Nielsen, S. M. Thysen, A. B. Fisker
Summary: This study assessed the coverage and factors associated with receiving campaign polio vaccines in urban Guinea-Bissau. Lower campaign coverage was found among children of young and not formally educated mothers, children <9 months, and Fula children. Attention should be directed towards informing these groups to increase campaign coverage.
Article
Immunology
Saad B. Omer, Sean T. O'Leary, Robert A. Bednarczyk, Mallory K. Ellingson, Christine I. Spina, Matthew Z. Dudley, Allison T. Chamberlain, Rupali J. Limaye, Sarah E. Brewer, Paula M. Frew, Fauzia A. Malik, Walter Orenstein, Neal Halsey, Kevin Ault, Daniel A. Salmon
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of a multi-component intervention package on maternal immunization uptake in obstetric care clinics. The intervention targets barriers at practice-, provider-, and patient-levels in order to increase vaccine uptake. The primary outcomes are the receipt of influenza and Tdap vaccines during pregnancy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amit Summan, Arindam Nandi, Sarang Deo, Ramanan Laxminarayan
Summary: The Mission Indradhanush (MI) program in India has been shown to effectively increase the full immunization rate and the proportion of children receiving vaccines at recommended ages. Research indicates that children in the MI intervention group had significantly higher rates of vaccination for oral polio vaccine (OPV), bacillus Calmette-Guerin, hepatitis B, among others, compared to the control group. Further studies are needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of investing in MI-type programs compared to routine immunization.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shannon E. MacDonald, Airlie Palichuk, Linda Slater, Hailey Tripp, Laura Reifferscheid, Catherine Burton
Summary: There is a lack of sufficient vaccine coverage for immunocompromised children, leading to gaps in knowledge regarding specific vaccines for specific immunocompromised populations. It is crucial to ensure appropriate vaccination for immunocompromised children, especially with the increasing use of immunosuppressive therapies.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tracy Milondzo, Johanna C. Meyer, Carine Dochez, Rosemary J. Burnett
Summary: The study found that most caregivers of girls attending private schools in South Africa have good knowledge about HPV vaccination, but only a small percentage of girls have actually been vaccinated. Caregivers of unvaccinated girls were more willing to vaccinate if it was offered for free at their school, but misinformation played a significant role in contributing to negative attitudes towards vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Sofie Schumacher, Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Oliver A. Cornely, Sibylle C. Mellinghoff
Summary: Mandatory vaccination policies or multifaceted campaigns can achieve vaccination coverage in healthcare workers of over 90%, while campaigns solely based on education or on-site vaccination may not exceed 40%. These strategies can lead to a substantial relative increase in vaccination coverage.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Mallory K. Ellingson, Robert A. Bednarczyk, Sean T. O'Leary, Jason L. Schwartz, Eugene D. Shapiro, Linda M. Niccolai
Summary: Health care provider recommendations play a crucial role in parents' decisions to vaccinate their adolescents. However, the delivery of high-quality recommendations for vaccination varies widely. Factors influencing providers' recommendations include attitudes and beliefs, patient characteristics, community context, and vaccine policies. A multi-level framework is proposed to understand and improve providers' recommendations.
JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Developmental
Jad A. Elharake, Faris Akbar, Amyn A. Malik, Walter Gilliam, Saad B. Omer
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of children and college students, leading to increased anxiety, depression, fatigue, and distress. Factors such as living in rural areas, low family socioeconomic status, and having a connection to healthcare workers have been associated with worse mental health outcomes. Future strategies should prioritize social contacts to support students at higher risk of social isolation during the pandemic.
CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Chia-shi Wang, Rinchen Doma, Adrianna L. Westbrook, Jillian Johnson, Evan J. Anderson, Larry A. Greenbaum, Shaheen A. Rana, Roshan P. George, Rouba Garro, Anjali Khanna-Farber, Cam Escoffery, Robert A. Bednarczyk
Summary: This study examined COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents of children with chronic kidney disease or hypertension. The results showed that two-thirds of parents were unsure or unwilling to vaccinate their child against COVID-19. Additionally, hesitancy toward routine childhood and influenza vaccination was associated with hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance communication of vaccine information relevant to kidney patients in an accessible manner to reduce vaccine hesitancy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Douglas J. Opel, Noel T. Brewer, Alison M. Buttenheim, Timothy Callaghan, Richard M. Carpiano, Chelsea Clinton, Jad A. Elharake, Lisa C. Flowers, Alison P. Galvani, Peter J. Hotez, Jason L. Schwartz, Regina M. Benjamin, Arthur Caplan, Renee DiResta, Rekha Lakshmanan, Yvonne A. Maldonado, Michelle M. Mello, Wendy E. Parmet, Daniel A. Salmon, Joshua M. Sharfstein, Saad B. Omer
Article
Immunology
Kimberly H. Nguyen, Ruitong Zhao, Corey Mullins, Laura Corlin, Paul Beninger, Robert A. Bednarczyk
Summary: This study analyzed the vaccination patterns and factors associated with the immunization status of U.S. children aged 19 to 35 months. The study found that from 2015 to 2020, the proportion of children completing the recommended schedule increased, while the proportion following alternative or unknown schedules was lowest. Additionally, the percentage of children not up-to-date with vaccinations decreased. However, there was no change in the percentage of children receiving zero vaccinations. The study also found that lower-income or uninsured families were more likely to follow alternative or unknown schedules or not be up-to-date with vaccines. Therefore, increased efforts are needed to promote timely adherence to recommended vaccination schedules, especially among populations with significant disparities in coverage, through tailored approaches to increase confidence in and access to vaccines.
Article
Immunology
John Boyle, Glen Nowak, Rachel Kinder, Ronaldo Iachan, James Dayton
Summary: Despite high rates of spread, morbidity and mortality, the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among eligible populations has been slow. This study examines the factors influencing willingness to get an early vaccination and finds that general vaccine beliefs play a significant role, even compared to demographics, perceived risk, and institutional trust. The findings from this study can inform future public health communication strategies.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Mary E. Petrone, Carolina Lucas, Bridget Menasche, Mallery Breban, Inci Yildirim, Melissa Campbell, Saad B. Omer, Edward C. Holmes, Albert Ko, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Akiko Iwasaki, Craig B. Wilen, Chantal B. F. Vogels, Joseph R. Fauver
Summary: Developing a timely and effective response to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is crucial for public health. Global health surveillance relies not only on genomic data but also on methods that utilize genomic data to estimate the epidemiological dynamics of emerging lineages. In this study, the differences in reporting delays among SARS-CoV-2 VOCs were analyzed, indicating that these delays may have delayed the global response to the Mu variant. The nonsystematic biases in the reporting of genomic data could impede the assessment of future emerging variants.
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Adeel A. Butt, Peng Yan, Obaid S. Shaikh, Saad B. Omer, Florian B. Mayr, Victor B. Talisa
Summary: In previously uninfected, nonhospitalized, high-risk persons with COVID-19, the use of molnupiravir does not significantly reduce the rate of hospitalization or death within 30 days of diagnosis. However, asymptomatic patients might experience a benefit.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Richard M. Carpiano, Timothy Callaghan, Renee DiResta, Noel Brewer, Chelsea Clinton, Alison P. Galvani, Rekha Lakshmanan, Wendy E. Parmet, Saad B. Omer, Alison M. Buttenheim, Regina M. Benjamin, Arthur Caplan, Jad A. Elharake, Lisa C. Flowers, Yvonne A. Maldonado, Michelle M. Mello, Douglas J. Opel, Daniel A. Salmon, Jason L. Schwartz, Joshua M. Sharfstein, Peter J. Hotez
Article
Pediatrics
Glen J. Nowak, Michael A. Cacciatore
PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Bruno Andraus Filardi, Valter Silva Monteiro, Pedro Vellosa Schwartzmann, Vivian do Prado Martins, Luis Eduardo Rosa Zucca, Gabriela Crispim Baiocchi, Amyn A. Malik, Julio Silva, Anne M. Hahn, Nicholas F. G. Chen, Kien Pham, Eddy Perez-Then, Marija Miric, Vivian Brache, Leila Cochon, Rafael A. Larocca, Roberto Della Rosa Mendez, Douglas Bardini Silveira, Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto, Julio Croda, Inci Yildirim, Saad B. Omer, Albert I. Ko, Sten H. Vermund, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Akiko Iwasaki, Carolina Lucas
Summary: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages resulted in increased transmission rates and reduced vaccine protection. Homologous CoronaVac booster doses showed lower efficiency in enhancing immune response compared to heterologous BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 boosters, especially in individuals over 50 years old. These findings emphasize the potential benefits of heterologous vaccination strategies for older adults fully vaccinated with CoronaVac during the Omicron wave.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Robert A. Bednarczyk, Noel T. Brewer, Melissa B. Gilkey, Sherri Zorn, Rebecca B. Perkins, Kristin Oliver, Debbie Saslow
Summary: The ACIP has recommended HPV vaccination for adolescents since 2006, but its uptake has lagged behind other adolescent vaccines. The ACIP recommends starting HPV vaccination at 11-12 y, with 9 y as an option. This commentary summarizes the current recommendations and evidence regarding HPV vaccination starting at 9 y, and suggests future directions for research and implementation.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Robert A. Bednarczyk, Heather M. Brandt
Summary: Despite being recommended for routine adolescent use, HPV vaccination uptake in the United States lags behind that of other vaccines such as Tdap and MCV4. Initiating the vaccine series at a younger age, as early as 9 years old, may help improve HPV vaccination rates. This study analyzed data from the NIS-Teen and found that 4.0% of US adolescents initiated HPV vaccination at 9-10 years old, with higher rates among younger birth cohorts. Completion rates for the vaccine series were highest after 3-4 years, with 93% of 13-year-olds completing the series after initiating at ages 9-10.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anis Barmada, Jon Klein, Anjali Ramaswamy, Nina N. Brodsky, Jillian R. Jaycox, Hassan Sheikha, Kate M. Jones, Victoria Habet, Melissa Campbell, Tomokazu S. Sumida, Amy Kontorovich, Dusan Bogunovic, Carlos R. Oliveira, Jeremy Steele, E. Kevin Hall, Mario Pena-Hernandez, Valter Monteiro, Carolina Lucas, Aaron M. Ring, Saad B. Omer, Akiko Iwasaki, Inci Yildirim, Carrie L. Lucas
Summary: A study found that rare immune-mediated cardiac tissue inflammation can occur after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Contrary to early hypotheses, the underlying mechanisms of this pathology do not involve hypersensitivity myocarditis or hyperimmune humoral response. Instead, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteases were observed, along with expansion of activated T cells and NK cells, and inflammation and fibrosis in monocytes. These findings provide insights into the cytokine-dependent pathology of vaccine-associated myopericarditis and have implications for vaccine development and clinical care.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nour J. Youssef, Nadim K. Tfaily, Mohammad Bahij M. Moumneh, Celina F. Boutros, Jad A. Elharake, Amyn A. Malik, SarahAnn M. McFadden, Bayan Galal, Inci Yildirim, Kaveh Khoshnood, Saad B. Omer, Ziad A. Memish, Ghassan S. Dbaibo
Summary: Lebanese healthcare workers show relatively high acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, but there are still barriers such as concerns about insufficient research. The WHO and healthcare providers are the most trusted sources of COVID-19 information. These findings are important for informing Lebanese health authorities in improving vaccine uptake.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
