Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia Jimeno, Fernando R. Balestra, Pablo Huertas
Summary: Fine-tuning the choice of DNA double-strand break repair pathways relies on different regulatory layers responding to environmental cues, with RNA modifications emerging as a promising field within this complex process.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Kajal Samantara, Aalok Shiv, Lorenna Lopes de Sousa, Karansher Singh Sandhu, Parichita Priyadarshini, Sourav Ranjan Mohapatra
Summary: Epigenetics is an important mechanism that can help plants cope with various stressors by altering gene expression without involving changes in DNA sequences. It provides diversity to aid plants in responding to the impacts of climate change.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Liu, Huimin Ma, Yang Li, Hua Zhao
Summary: This article reviews the current research status of epigenetic modifications in cervical cancer, including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA regulation, and chromatin regulation. The functions and molecular mechanisms of these modifications in the occurrence and progression of cervical cancer are also discussed. This review provides new ideas for early screening, risk assessment, molecular targeted therapy, and prognostic prediction of cervical cancer.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Zhengyu Cai, Teng Long, Yaochao Zhao, Ruixin Lin, You Wang
Summary: Osteoarthritis is a disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, with epigenetics playing a significant role in its pathogenesis. Recent research has focused on DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs, but further exploration of the interactions between genetics, environmental variables, and epigenetics is needed.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Charanya Kumar, Sahil Batra, Jack D. Griffith, Dirk Remus
Summary: R-loops can lead to replication stress, but the impact can be suppressed by RNase H1 and Pif1. Replisomes have the ability to maintain fork progression in certain conditions, providing a mechanistic basis for distinguishing harmful from non-harmful R-loops.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xin Chai, Xiushun Wang, Liwei Rong, Manfei Luo, Li Yuan, Qiuxin Li, Baoye He, Jingjing Jiang, Daili Ji, Min Ouyang, Qingtao Lu, Lixin Zhang, Jean-David Rochaix, Wei Chi
Summary: This study reveals a previously unknown function of the inner envelope membrane-bound AAA-ATPase FtsHi1 in maintaining R-loop homeostasis in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. It is shown that FtsHi1 acts as an ATP-dependent helicase and prevents the accumulation of R-loops by unwinding both DNA-DNA and DNA-RNA duplexes. The dual function of FtsHi1 in protein import and chloroplast gene expression suggests a mechanical link between these two processes in higher plant chloroplasts.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyeonji Lee, Seong-Yeob You, Dong Wook Han, Hyeonwoo La, Chanhyeok Park, Seonho Yoo, Kiye Kang, Min-Hee Kang, Youngsok Choi, Kwonho Hong
Summary: The study reveals that R-loop dynamics are associated with the regulation of zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in mice, especially in the minor ZGA stage. R-loop formation and level changes may modulate gene transcription and DNA replication.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arum Kim, Gang Greg Wang
Summary: R-loop is a prevalent and specialized chromatin structure involved in various biological processes, particularly in regulating transcription and gene expression. Dysregulation of R-loop may serve as a frequent event in the development of pathologies such as cancer and neurological disorders.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS
(2021)
Article
Horticulture
Sadaruddin Chachar, Muzafaruddin Chachar, Adeel Riaz, Aamir Ali Shaikh, Xiulan Li, Xiaoxue Li, Changfei Guan, Pingxian Zhang
Summary: Our era has witnessed significant advancements in plant epigenetics, with recent discoveries of RNA chemical modifications playing a role in gene translation efficiency. The application of epigenetic modifications in horticultural plants has shown promise in studying processes like fruit development, grafting, and bud dormancy. This review highlights the importance of understanding epigenetic regulation mechanisms in plants and the potential for future innovations in computational techniques for research in this field.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Luke Twenhafel, DiAnna Moreno, Trista Punt, Madeline Kinney, Rebecca Ryznar
Summary: Osteosarcoma is a common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Despite improvements in clinical outcomes, early detection is crucial for better survival rates and reducing the need for debilitating treatments like amputations. Research in the field of epigenetics, focusing on changes in genetic expression above the genome, shows potential for understanding and improving the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruijie Cai, Runyu Lv, Xin'e Shi, Gongshe Yang, Jianjun Jin
Summary: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing has been widely used due to its programmability and specificity, but can also affect genome stability. Recently, fusion proteins with transcriptional activator/inhibitor effects have been developed by linking proteins to dCas9 to regulate gene transcription. These tools have important applications in gene regulation, functional studies, target gene screening, and disease treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Haishuang Tang, Zhangwei Zeng, Chenghao Shang, Qiang Li, Jianmin Liu
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological process involving various cell types and is considered a chronic inflammatory disease. Recent studies have shown the significant role of epigenetic regulation in atherosclerosis, offering new perspectives for researching mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pierre Aldag, Marius Rutkauskas, Julene Madariaga-Marcos, Inga Songailiene, Tomas Sinkunas, Felix Kemmerich, Dominik Kauert, Virginijus Siksnys, Ralf Seidel
Summary: The authors dissect the target search and recognition process of the Type I CRISPR-Cas complex Cascade by monitoring DNA binding and R-loop formation. They quantify the effect of DNA supercoiling on target recognition and demonstrate the use of facilitated diffusion in target search. The findings highlight the importance of considering DNA supercoiling and limited 1D diffusion in understanding CRISPR-Cas target recognition and search.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qinglin Sun, Tianyu Li, Yang Yu, Yang Li, Zhiwei Sun, Junchao Duan
Summary: The toxicological effects of nanomaterials on health and the environment are gradually attracting attention due to the epigenetic alterations they cause, including DNA methylation, noncoding RNA expression, and histone modifications. These alterations can contribute to the onset and development of various diseases and serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prevention.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Pia Loren, Nicolas Saavedra, Kathleen Saavedra, Tomas Zambrano, Patricia Moriel, Luis A. Salazar
Summary: Cisplatin, an antineoplastic drug, is most notably known for its nephrotoxicity among various side effects. Recent research shows that epigenetic regulation plays a key role in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by altering different signaling pathways leading to cell death. Despite the ongoing development in this field, it offers new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.