Article
Plant Sciences
Shan Li, Regina Hanlon, Hua Wise, Narinder Pal, Hargeet Brar, Chunyu Liao, Hongyu Gao, Eli Perez, Lecong Zhou, Brett M. Tyler, Madan K. Bhattacharyya
Summary: Phytophthora sojae delivers RxLR effector proteins, such as Avr1b, to interact with soybean U-box protein GmPUB1-1, modulating host immunity. GmPUB1-1, induced by infection, possesses E3 ligase activity and forms a complex with Avr1b in the nucleus, promoting effector-triggered immunity in soybean.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Yang, Sen Yang, Baodian Guo, Yuyin Wang, Wenyue Zheng, Mengjun Tian, Kaixin Dai, Zehan Liu, Haonan Wang, Zhenchuan Ma, Yan Wang, Wenwu Ye, Suomeng Dong, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: Plant pathogens rely on effector proteins such as Avh241 to suppress host immune responses by targeting critical components like NDR1, allowing for successful colonization. Avh241 disrupts the function of NDR1 by suppressing NDR1-mediated immune responses, showcasing an effective counter-defense mechanism used by Phytophthora during infection.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xufang Qiu, Liang Kong, Han Chen, Yachun Lin, Siqun Tu, Lei Wang, Zhiyuan Chen, Mengzhu Zeng, Junhua Xiao, Peiguo Yuan, Min Qiu, Yan Wang, Wenwu Ye, Kaixuan Duan, Suomeng Dong, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: This study reveals that the nuclear effector PsAvh110 from the pathogen Phytophthora sojae suppresses plant immunity by disrupting the formation of the GmLHP1-2/GmPHD6 complex, leading to reduced expression of immunity genes. PsAvh110 also represses the expression of immune-associated genes through binding to G-rich elements in gene promoters. The findings suggest a regulatory mechanism by which pathogen effectors target a transcriptional complex to manipulate plant immunity.
Article
Plant Sciences
Tianli Li, Gan Ai, Xiaowei Fu, Jin Liu, Hai Zhu, Ying Zhai, Weiye Pan, Danyu Shen, Maofeng Jing, Ai Xia, Daolong Dou
Summary: This study characterizes the functional properties of the core RXLR effector RXLR242 in P. capsici and its manipulation of host plant immunity. RXLR242 interacts with RAB proteins and disrupts protein trafficking, thereby promoting Phytophthora infection.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Biao Gu, Wenxin Gao, Zeqi Liu, Guangda Shao, Qin Peng, Yinyu Mu, Qinhu Wang, Hua Zhao, Jianqiang Miao, Xili Liu
Summary: As a destructive plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans secretes specific proteins called RxLR effectors that facilitate infection. One of these effectors, PiAvr3b, causes a specific immune response and also suppresses the general immune response. The molecular basis of these dual activities has been unknown, but this study found that specific amino acids in PiAvr3b were responsible for both activities. The localization of PiAv3b within the cell also plays a role in its ability to stimulate or suppress immune responses.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Haonan Wang, Baodian Guo, Bo Yang, Haiyang Li, Yuanpeng Xu, Jinyi Zhu, Yan Wang, Wenwu Ye, Kaixuan Duan, Xiaobo Zheng, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: This study reveals that an atypical RxLR effector PsAvh181 secreted by Phytophthora sojae inhibits the secretion of plant defense-related proteins in the apoplast by manipulating the host SNARE complex. PsAvh181 binds to a host target GmSNAP-1, interfering with the interaction between GmSNAP-1 and GmNSF, consequently blocking the secretion of apoplastic defense-related proteins.
Article
Microbiology
Jane Chepsergon, Celiwe Innocentia Nxumalo, Brenda S. C. Salasini, Aquillah M. Kanzi, Lucy Novungayo Moleleki
Summary: Oomycetes of the genus Phytophthora, including Phytophthora parasitica, are successful plant pathogens due to their secretion of effector proteins that alter host physiological processes. In this study, we identified 333 candidate RxLR effectors in P. parasitica and found that 71 of them are highly conserved among P. parasitica strains. These conserved effectors, designated as core RxLR effectors (CREs), exhibit enrichment of intrinsically disordered regions in the N terminus and contain important short linear motifs (SLiMs) in the C terminus. One of the CREs, PpRxLR1, was shown to interact with host defense proteins and carry a ubiquitin-like SLiM that may mediate these interactions. This research improves our understanding of Phytophthora RxLR effector function and may contribute to the development of control strategies.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jane Chepsergon, Celiwe Innocentia Nxumalo, Brenda S. C. Salasini, Aquillah M. Kanzi, Lucy Novungayo Moleleki
Summary: A bioinformatics study identified core RxLR effectors in Phytophthora parasitica, which contain short linear motifs (SLiMs) that may play a crucial role in effector translocation.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yuanpeng Xu, Yunhuan Zhang, Jinyin Zhu, Yujing Sun, Baodian Guo, Fan Liu, Jie Huang, Haonan Wang, Suomeng Dong, Yan Wang, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: This study examined the effector repertoire secreted by Phytophthora into the soybean apoplast during infection, and found that one of the effectors, AEP1, could induce cell death and immune responses. AEP1 also acted as a virulence factor mediating sugar uptake by mutarotation of extracellular aldose.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ye-Eun Seo, Hye-Young Lee, Haeun Kim, Xin Yan, Sang A. Park, Myung-Shin Kim, Cecile Segonzac, Doil Choi, Hyunggon Mang
Summary: The Phytophthora capsici RxLR effector CRISIS2 triggers cell death by suppressing the plasma membrane proton pump in the host plant, thereby supporting the hemibiotrophic life cycle of the pathogen. CRISIS2 physically and functionally associated with PMAs and induced host cell death independent of immune receptors. This study identified a novel RxLR effector that plays multiple roles in the suppression of plant defense and in the induction of cell death to support the pathogen hemibiotrophic life cycle.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Gan Ai, Qingyue Xia, Tianqiao Song, Tianli Li, Hai Zhu, Hao Peng, Jin Liu, Xiaowei Fu, Ming Zhang, Maofeng Jing, Ai Xia, Daolong Dou
Summary: The study identifies a virulence-related effector, CRN78, from the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae, which promotes infection by inhibiting H2O2 accumulation in plants. Furthermore, CRN78 interacts with plant aquaporin proteins and regulates their phosphorylation for subsequent protein degradation. The phosphorylation mechanism of CRN78 on aquaporin proteins is highly conserved among higher plants and oomycete pathogens, suggesting a novel pathway for effector proteins to inhibit host cellular defenses.
Article
Microbiology
Biao Gu, Guangda Shao, Wenxin Gao, Jianqiang Miao, Qinhu Wang, Xili Liu, Brett M. Tyler
Summary: Transcriptional plasticity allows oomycetes to adapt to environmental challenges, such as host resistance, through natural silencing of effector genes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 system, targeted genes can be mutated for functional studies. In this study, Avr1b-1 gene was successfully deleted from P. sojae genome and replaced with mCherry. Results suggest that Avr1b-1 may be highly susceptible to transcriptional variation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Rui Jiang, Qin He, Jingyi Song, Zeng Liu, Jian Yu, Kefan Hu, Huiming Liu, Yang Mu, Jiahui Wu, Zhendong Tian, Botao Song, Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers, Conghua Xie, Juan Du
Summary: Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive disease in potatoes. The oomycete pathogen quickly evolves to defeat most known resistance genes, but the broad-spectrum and durable R8 gene provides valuable resources for potato resistance breeding. The study on the avirulence gene Avr8 showed that it promotes colonization of P. infestans in Nicotiana benthamiana and potato. The interaction between AVR8 and the desumoylating isopeptidase StDeSI2 in potato indicates a new strategy for modulating host immunity against P. infestans, and StDeSI2 becomes a potential target for breeding durable resistance in potato.
Article
Plant Sciences
Genevieve Arsenault-Labrecque, Parthasarathy Santhanam, Yanick Asselin, Benjamin Cinget, Amandine Lebreton, Caroline Labbe, Francois Belzile, Mark Gijzen, Richard R. Belanger
Summary: In this study, a specific Avr gene interacting with the soybean resistance gene Rps8 was identified using genotyping-by-sequencing approach. The interaction between Rps8 and Avr3a was confirmed through functional analyses. This study also revealed a clear distinction between Rps3a and Rps8, which has not been previously reported.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shuyun Chen, Tao Ma, Shiren Song, Xinlong Li, Peining Fu, Wei Wu, Jiaqi Liu, Yu Gao, Wenxiu Ye, Ian B. Dry, Jiang Lu
Summary: This study reveals that the oomycete pathogen HaRxLL470 effector protein enhances susceptibility of host plants to H. arabidopsidis by interacting with the host protein HY5 and compromising its function as a transcription factor, thereby suppressing the plant's immune response.
Review
Microbiology
Yan Wang, Rory N. Pruitt, Thorsten Nuernberger, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: Plant pathogens utilize various strategies to evade plant immunity, hindering the effective use of host genetic resistance for disease control. This Review discusses current knowledge on how microbial pathogens successfully infect plants by evading their immune responses and explores the potential for engineering crop resistance based on this knowledge.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lan Wang, Hanmei Liu, Mingmei Zhang, Yu Ye, Lei Wang, Jinyi Zhu, Zhaodan Chen, Xiaobo Zheng, Yan Wang, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: Plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are receptors that sense microbial invasion and activate immune responses. This study identified a glycoside hydrolase family 12 (GH12) protein Ps109281 secreted by Phytophthora sojae during infection. Ps109281 promotes P. sojae infection but does not induce cell death. It triggers immune responses by interacting with the receptor-like protein RXEG1. The loss of cell death induction is linked to a sequence polymorphism at the N-terminus.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yao Zhao, Bo Yang, Huawei Xu, Jinbin Wu, Zhiyang Xu, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae secretes RXLR effectors to suppress host immune responses, promoting infection. The virulence effector Avh94 stabilizes the repressor JAZ1/2 of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway to inhibit JA signaling, thereby enhancing infection.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xufang Qiu, Liang Kong, Han Chen, Yachun Lin, Siqun Tu, Lei Wang, Zhiyuan Chen, Mengzhu Zeng, Junhua Xiao, Peiguo Yuan, Min Qiu, Yan Wang, Wenwu Ye, Kaixuan Duan, Suomeng Dong, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: This study reveals that the nuclear effector PsAvh110 from the pathogen Phytophthora sojae suppresses plant immunity by disrupting the formation of the GmLHP1-2/GmPHD6 complex, leading to reduced expression of immunity genes. PsAvh110 also represses the expression of immune-associated genes through binding to G-rich elements in gene promoters. The findings suggest a regulatory mechanism by which pathogen effectors target a transcriptional complex to manipulate plant immunity.
Article
Soil Science
Qi Yang, Xueling Yang, Xiaowei Huang, Wenwu Ye, Tianyu Wang, Zhongyi Cheng, Jiachun Shi, Yong Li, Jianming Xu, Yan He
Summary: While seed coating with fungicide is commonly used in soybean culture to control diseases, its impact on root-associated microbial communities remains understudied. This study found that fungicide seed coating had a greater effect on endophytic communities, including root endosphere and nodules, than rhizosphere communities. Many beneficial microbes responded positively to fungicide seed coating. Seed coating also increased the abundance of nitrogen fixation genes. Root-associated microbes with coatings had a higher complexity of microbial interactions. Fungicide seed coating did not show any negative impact on the root-associated microecology of mature soybean and may have a lower environmental risk than expected.
SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yanhong Hu, Zhihua He, Yebin Kang, Wenwu Ye, Linkai Cui
Summary: In this study, a transcription factor (PsCZF3) in Phytophthora sojae was identified using a weighted gene correlation network analysis. PsCZF3 regulates the transcription of multiple effectors and carbohydrate-active enzymes, facilitating the infection of P. sojae.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zongkuan Wang, Bo Yang, Wenyue Zheng, Lei Wang, Xingxing Cai, Jie Yang, Rongrong Song, Sen Yang, Yuyin Wang, Jin Xiao, Huiquan Liu, Yan Wang, Xiue Wang, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: This study found that Fusarium graminearum (FHB) is a devastating disease in wheat, causing substantial yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. Two GH12 proteins, Fg05851 and Fg11037, were found to have redundant roles in F. graminearum colonization and were recognized by the receptor-like protein RXEG1. Introducing RXEG1 into different wheat cultivars enhanced resistance to F. graminearum.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhaodan Chen, Fan Liu, Mengzhu Zeng, Lei Wang, Hanmei Liu, Yujing Sun, Lan Wang, Zhichao Zhang, Zhiyuan Chen, Yuanpeng Xu, Mingmei Zhang, Yeqiang Xia, Wenwu Ye, Suomeng Dong, Francine Govers, Yan Wang, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: In this study, scientists identified a receptor named REL that can recognize the extracellular protein ELicitin. REL is a receptor-like protein (RLP) that mediates plant resistance against Phytophthora by binding to ELicitin. The island domain (ID) within the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of REL was found to be crucial for ELicitin recognition.
Article
Plant Sciences
Han Chen, Yujie Fang, Wenrui Song, Haidong Shu, Xi Li, Wenwu Ye, Yuanchao Wang, Suomeng Dong
Summary: In this study, a highly induced PsKMT3 gene was found to play an important role in regulating reproductive development and pathogenicity in Phytophthora sojae. The deletion of PsKMT3 resulted in asexual development and pathogenicity defects. The study also revealed that histone H3K36 trimethylation was significantly reduced and involved in the activation of RxLR effector genes.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shuchen Wang, Sen Yang, Kaixin Dai, Wenyue Zheng, Xiaoyi Zhang, Bo Yang, Wenwu Ye, Xiaobo Zheng, Yuanchao Wang
Summary: In this study, a putative effector protein Fg62 was identified from the secretome of the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Fg62 modulates host immunity and facilitates infection by upregulating during early stages of infection and inducing plant cell death. It also activates plant immunity and enhances plant resistance to various pathogens.
PHYTOPATHOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lin Liu, Yeqiang Xia, Yingchen Li, Yong Zhou, Xiaofeng Su, Xiaojing Yan, Yan Wang, Wende Liu, Hongmei Cheng, Yuanchao Wang, Qing Yang
Summary: Phytopathogenic fungi secrete chitin deacetylase (CDA) to evade the host's immune defense, and the authors identify common structural features of phytopathogenic fungal CDAs and find potential CDA inhibitors for controlling plant diseases.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
