Review
Immunology
Jiajia Du, Xing Lv, Zunyi Zhang, Zhiyong Huang, Erlei Zhang
Summary: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare and aggressive type of cancer with increasing incidence in recent years. Surgery is the most effective treatment, but not suitable for all patients. Targeted therapy focusing on FGFR, IDH, and EGFR2, as well as immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors, CAR-T cells, and TILs, have shown promising results in CCA treatment. Combining targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy can greatly improve the prognosis of advanced CCA patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Flavio G. Rocha
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy, and recent genomic studies have identified key driver mutations that can be targeted for therapy. Advances in cancer immunology have also shown potential for utilizing the host's immune system for treatment. However, the unique fibrotic stroma of pancreatic cancer presents challenges in translating these strategies to clinical practice.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yang Zheng, Heling Peng, Xu Hu, Yong Ou, Dong Wang, Han Wang, Shangqing Ren
Summary: This review discusses the molecular profile of urachal carcinoma (UrC) and identifies potential targets for personalized treatment, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors representing underlying biomarkers. The most commonly mutated genes in UrC were TP53 (70%), KRAS (28.3%), MYC (20.3%), SMAD4 (18.2%), and GNAS (18%). Targeted therapy, especially EGFR-targeting therapy, may provide curative efficacy for UrC patients by applying specific molecular markers.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anusha Muralidhar, Hemanth K. Potluri, Tanya Jaiswal, Douglas G. McNeel
Summary: Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed malignancy in men in the United States, but targeted radionuclide therapies have shown promise in improving patient outcomes. While immune-based treatments have generally had limited success, radiation therapy may be able to combine with immunotherapy to more effectively eliminate metastases. This review provides an overview of targeted radiation agents approved for prostate cancer and explores their potential combination with immunotherapy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaokai Chen, Xiaodong Zhang, Yinglong Wu, Yun Chen, Yi Guo, Deblin Jana, Dongdong Wang, Wei Yuan, Yanli Zhao
Summary: In this study, a multifunctional nanoscavenger was designed to clear tumor extracellular matrix, improve tumor hypoxia, and enhance photodynamic and immune therapies. This strategy provides a solution to overcome the suppressive tumor microenvironment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul Lee, Rita Yim, Yammy Yung, Hiu-Tung Chu, Pui-Kwan Yip, Harinder Gill
Summary: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a hematological disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Standard treatment with hypomethylating agents may lead to drug resistance, so combinatorial therapies with targeted therapy or immunotherapy are being explored to improve outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Deblin Jana, Bing He, Yun Chen, Jiawei Liu, Yanli Zhao
Summary: This study introduces a nanozyme coated with tumor cell membrane for targeted photo-immunotherapy of cancer. The nanozyme can accumulate in tumors, causing oxidative damage and triggering immune activation, leading to tumor eradication and immunogenic cell death.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ziyao Qin, Mei Zheng
Summary: Melanoma, the most aggressive and deadly type of skin cancer, has a poor prognosis with metastasis. Recently, new and effective therapies, including targeted agents and immunotherapy, have emerged for metastatic melanoma. This article reviews recent clinical trials of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma, with a focus on improving treatment efficacy.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Carmelo Laface, Girolamo Ranieri, Felicia Maria Maselli, Francesca Ambrogio, Caterina Foti, Michele Ammendola, Marigia Laterza, Gerardo Cazzato, Riccardo Memeo, Giovanni Mastrandrea, Marco Lioce, Palma Fedele
Summary: One of the most important abilities of a tumor is to establish immunosuppression inside the tumor microenvironment. This is achieved through various mechanisms of tumor immune escape identified in experimental studies. In the liver, the microenvironment is oriented towards immune tolerance, preventing autoimmune reactions. Additionally, hepatocellular carcinoma often develops in the context of chronic inflammation. Due to these factors, different immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed and evaluated for advanced HCC. This review provides an overview of the clinical applications of immunotherapy for advanced HCC, including approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Allison Boboltz, Sahana Kumar, Gregg A. Duncan
Summary: Asthma is a chronic lung disease with diverse pathobiological subtypes, leading to variable responses to anti-inflammatory therapies. Patient-specific treatments and effective inhalation formulations are needed. The review discusses disease progression, genetic modifiers, limitations of current treatments, and new approaches such as monoclonal antibody delivery, mucolytic therapy, and gene therapies.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bilal Zulfiqar, Asim Farooq, Shahzina Kanwal, Kashif Asghar
Summary: Lung cancer is a highly prevalent and deadly disease, often diagnosed at advanced stages. Surgery is not an option at this point, so radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both is used. However, these therapies are often ineffective, necessitating the search for alternative preventive approaches. Targeting the tumor microenvironment has proven to be an effective therapy against lung cancer.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Carmelo Laface, Palma Fedele, Felicia Maria Maselli, Francesca Ambrogio, Caterina Foti, Pasquale Molinari, Michele Ammendola, Marco Lioce, Girolamo Ranieri
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer with poor prognosis. New molecular targeted therapies have shown promising results in recent years. However, research into new treatments is still necessary.
Review
Oncology
Xiaolu Sun, Kuai Liu, Shuli Lu, Weina He, Zixiu Du
Summary: Breast cancer is a molecularly diverse disease with heterogeneity. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy offer solutions to improve prognosis and address drug resistance. Molecular classifications are important for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies differ according to the molecular subtype. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy provide hope for the treatment of breast cancer.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhongmin Li, Yilun Liu, Xuedong Fang, Zhenbo Shu
Summary: Molecular targeted therapy not only directly inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, but also activates the immune system through various mechanisms. However, limitations such as poor water solubility, insufficient accumulation at the tumor site, and nonspecific targeting of immune cells hinder their application. Innovative nanomaterials have been developed to overcome these obstacles and enhance the immunomodulatory effects of molecular targeted drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Magdalena Skorzewska, Katarzyna Geca, Wojciech P. Polkowski
Summary: Outcomes for patients with advanced gastric cancer remain unsatisfactory despite the inclusion of new targeted therapies. The limited effectiveness of targeted therapies is due to the presence of specific biomarkers in a small percentage of patients. Further research focused on identifying new molecular targets is crucial in improving the effectiveness of advanced-stage therapy.
