Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sha Zhu, Qifeng Bai, Lanqing Li, Tingyang Xu
Summary: Drug repositioning plays a significant role in drug development and machine learning methods can accelerate this process. This article focuses on the repurposing potential of type 2 diabetes mellitus drugs for various diseases.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Chenxi Qin, Lina-Marcela Diaz-Gallo, Bowen Tang, Yunzhang Wang, Thuy-Dung Nguyen, Arvid Harder, Yi Lu, Leonid Padyukov, Johan Askling, Sara Hagg
Summary: Genetic variations in the target genes of antidiabetic drugs, particularly sulfonylureas, are inversely associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as revealed by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The underlying mechanisms behind this association need further investigation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana Duarte, Mariana Nunes, Sara Ricardo, Nuno Vale
Summary: Drug combination and repurposing strategies have been shown to be effective and cost-saving in finding new cancer therapies. This study demonstrates significant cytotoxicity of certain drug combinations in breast cancer and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, while being safe for non-tumoral cells. Additionally, the study suggests a potential role of PPT1 in the mechanisms of action of these drug combinations.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ching-Chi Chi, Chin-Yu Lee, Chia-Yu Liu, Shu-Hui Wang, Felice Tien O'Donnell, Tao-Hsin Tung
Summary: The study found that pioglitazone has significant therapeutic efficacy in treating psoriasis and may be a treatment option for patients with psoriasis and diabetes mellitus. However, there are some biases reported in the included articles and limitations such as only including glitazones.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Sania Batool, Santosh Chokkakula, Min-Suk Song
Summary: Influenza infection is a serious health concern due to the constant mutation and recombination of the influenza virus. This makes it difficult to eliminate the disease and treatment challenging. Combination therapy with multiple antivirals or immunomodulators is considered the best strategy for effectively treating influenza infection. This review discusses the current options for combination therapy, their performance, and the limitations imposed by drug resistance.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Gumieniczek, Anna Berecka-Rycerz
Summary: The article discusses the possible links between metabolic and degradation pathways for new antidiabetic drugs, focusing on glutides, gliflozins, and gliptins. It highlights the importance of metabolism data in determining safe levels of degradation impurities and improving product quality. Various analytical approaches, including chromatographic methods and radioactive labeling, are mentioned for examining the metabolism and degradation pathways.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yahui Zhu, Mao Li, Hongfen Wang, Fei Yang, Xinyuan Pang, Rongrong Du, Jinghong Zhang, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study assessed the association between antidiabetic drugs and stroke risk using Mendelian randomization. The results showed that genetic proxies for sulfonylureas, which lower blood glucose, were associated with a lower risk of any stroke and any ischemic stroke. However, other types of glucose-lowering drugs were not associated with stroke risk.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Yosi Gilad, Gary Gellerman, David M. Lonard, Bert W. O'Malley
Summary: Chemotherapy has evolved from single-agent therapy to polydrug treatments involving targeted drugs. The use of drug conjugates for selective delivery of cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells presents a potential strategy for further optimization of treatment regimens in cancer therapy.
Review
Oncology
Ahmed Olatunde, Manisha Nigam, Rahul Kunwar Singh, Abhaya Shikhar Panwar, Abdulwahab Lasisi, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Vijay Jyoti Kumar, Abhay Prakash Mishra, Javad Sharifi-Rad
Summary: Cancer management often involves chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, but chemotherapy can be cytotoxic to normal cells and lead to drug resistance. Antidiabetic drugs such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, and thiazolidinediones have shown beneficial effects in cancer treatment, despite potential risks like pancreatic cancer development.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Merna Shaheen-Mualim, Neta Kutner, Shady Farah
Summary: Combining carrier-free crystalline-based drug delivery systems with polymeric implants/scaffolds can preserve the independent functionality, stability, and benefits of each component, which has the great potential to advance drug delivery research and accelerate the development of polymers and crystalline-based DDSs.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luisa M. P. F. Amaral, Tania Moniz, Andre M. N. Silva, Maria Rangel
Summary: This review provides an overview of the research on vanadium compounds as potential antidiabetic drugs over the past four decades. It discusses the most promising compounds and the main findings from in vivo studies conducted between 1899 and 2023. The review explores the chemistry of vanadium, emphasizing the importance of the structure and biochemistry of vanadate and its similarity to phosphate in relation to the antidiabetic effect. Spectroscopic characterization of vanadium compounds, particularly magnetic resonance methodologies, is discussed, highlighting its relevance to understanding species activity, speciation, and interaction with biological membranes. The review concludes by summarizing the most significant studies on the use of vanadium compounds for treating diabetes, including both animal models and human clinical trials. It presents an overview of the main hypotheses explaining the biological activity of these compounds, focusing on the accepted pathway involving vanadium interaction with phosphatase and kinase enzymes in the insulin signaling cascade. The authors believe that there is still much to learn about the pharmacological action of this family of compounds and their potential for metabolic control and clinical management of diabetes. They express anticipation for future research in this field, aiming to discover vanadium compounds with desired therapeutic properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Miguel Valdes, Fernando Calzada, Jesus Martinez-Solis, Julita Martinez-Rodriguez
Summary: This study evaluated the antihyperglycemic content, % HbA1c reduction, and antihyperlipidemic activities of Annona cherimola Miller extract and the flavonoid rutin. Both treatments were tested separately and in combination with oral antidiabetic drugs. The results showed that both extracts reduced hyperglycemia, % HbA1c, and hyperlipidemia. The combination of the extract with metformin showed the best activity, while rutin in combination with all drugs significantly reduced hyperglycemia. The study highlights the importance of evaluating the activity and potential side effects of herbal remedies in combination with drugs, and suggests the potential of rutin as a novel treatment for diabetes.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Christian Gerdes, Nicolle Mueller, Gunter Wolf, Martin Busch
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially from cardiovascular causes, particularly in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition to glycemic control, preventing and treating CKD to slow its progression is crucial. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), in addition to their glucose-lowering effects, have shown significant nephroprotective effects and have been confirmed in cardiovascular outcome trials.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jiamin Yao, Shaojuan Song, Hang Zhao, Yao Yuan
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the platinum/hydrogel combination system for drug delivery in cancer therapy. The combination of platinum-based drugs with hydrogels enhances targeted treatment and offers controlled release, thereby improving the efficacy of cancer therapy. Hydrogels demonstrate good biocompatibility and controlled drug release properties.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Chao Gao, Shu Yin, Haiqiang Wang, Zhen Wang, Zhanwei Du, Xuelong Li
Summary: Medication combination prediction can help experts have a better understanding of complex mechanisms in health and disease. This article presents a medical-knowledge-based graph neural network model that incorporates patient representation and medical knowledge, improving prediction performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Cornelius Fernandez James, Shiva Tripathi, Kyriaki Karampatou, Divya Gladston, Joseph M. Pappachan
Summary: Diabetic peripheral neuropathies (DPNs) are common chronic complications of diabetes, with painful DPN (PDPN) occurring in 6-34% of patients. PDPN is associated with reduced quality of life and economic burden. Individual patient characteristics can be used to stratify and assign targeted therapies for better pain outcomes. Pharmacological therapies, including anticonvulsants, antidepressants, opioid analgesics, and topical medications, are recommended for PDPN management.
MEDICAL BULLETIN OF SISLI ETFAL HOSPITAL
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sherouk Fouda, Madhu Mathew Vennikandam, Joseph M. Pappachan, Cornelius J. Fernandez
Summary: The intricate relationship between metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and maternal complications poses a significant health threat to pregnant women and their babies. This review explores the effects of MAFLD during pregnancy on maternal complications and outcomes, and the impact of pregnancy on the development and progression of MAFLD. It highlights the need for better representation of pregnant women in clinical trials to improve the understanding and management of MAFLD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen, Shahanas K. A. Khan, Sherouk Fouda, Joseph M. Pappachan
Summary: The obesity pandemic has led to the metabolic syndrome and an increase in the prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM and MAFLD share similarities in pathobiology, often coexisting in patients and resulting in accelerated disease progression and complications. This comprehensive review from a diabetologist's perspective aims to compile the current evidence on MAFLD and T2DM and suggest optimal management strategies.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen, Rahul Chaudhari, Joseph M. Pappachan, Sherouk Fouda
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people worldwide. It has particularly affected individuals with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). There is a strong link between MAFLD and obesity, and the severity of viral infections, including COVID-19, may be influenced by these conditions.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joseph M. Pappachan, Bill Cassidy, Cornelius James Fernandez, Vishnu Chandrabalan, Moi Hoon Yap
Summary: Foot ulcers are common complications of diabetes mellitus and managing them requires regular monitoring, dressing changes, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and offloading. Logistic issues can make it challenging to assess ulcer progress, but mobile phones and artificial intelligence-based technologies enable remote monitoring and have the potential to greatly impact ulcer care.
WORLD JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sherouk Fouda, Joseph M. Pappachan
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sherouk Fouda, Mohammed Sadiq Jeeyavudeen, Joseph M. Pappachan, Venkataraman Jayanthi
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiao Ying Khor, Joseph M. Pappachan, Mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen
Summary: Diabetes care requires proper collaboration between patients and care providers as it is mostly self-managed by patients. Clinical guidelines provide broad principles, but blindly following them without considering patient characteristics often leads to inadequate glycaemic control and complications. Therefore, understanding the individual case is important for tailoring the management strategy in diabetes care.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Salomi Shaikh, Lakshmi Nagendra, Shehla Shaikh, Joseph M. Pappachan
Summary: The diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency requires a high index of suspicion, detailed clinical assessment, and appropriate laboratory evaluation. The clinical characteristics vary depending on the cause and can range from insidious onset to a potentially life-threatening adrenal crisis. Testing the basal serum cortisol coupled with adrenocorticotrophin remains the initial tests of choice, while newer cortisol assays and salivary cortisol test are also being used. Testing the HPA axis, imaging, and ruling out systemic causes are necessary for the diagnosis, and cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors is an emerging cause that requires close follow up.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria Michaelidou, Joseph M. Pappachan, Mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen
Summary: The global prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing, along with a rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The term 'diabesity' highlights the strong connection between obesity and diabetes, posing significant challenges in disease management. Effective management algorithms for diabesity require addressing complications of obesity such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and obstructive sleep apnea. Proper selection of antidiabetic medications is crucial, as some medications may worsen diabesity. Non-pharmacological measures like dietary adjustments, exercise interventions, and bariatric procedures are also important. Sadly, the importance of optimal management of diabesity is often overlooked by medical professionals, leading to inadequate disease management and complications.
WORLD JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Meghna Julian Sebastian, Shahanas K. A. Khan, Joseph M. Pappachan, Mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen
Summary: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been identified as a major risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, and its prevalence is rising worldwide. DM affects neuronal function and mental capacity through various mechanisms, including cerebrovascular disease, altered glucose transporters, insulin resistance, and hypoglycemic episodes. Understanding the pathobiology of cognitive dysfunction in relation to DM and its management is crucial for optimal care.
WORLD JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bill Cassidy, Moi Hoon Yap, Joseph M. Pappachan, Naseer Ahmad, Samantha Haycocks, Claire O'Shea, Cornelious J. Fernandez, Elias Chacko, Koshy Jacob, Neil D. Reeves
Summary: This study evaluates the accuracy of an artificial intelligence system on a smartphone for automated detection of diabetic foot ulcers. The results demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity of the system, as well as high inter- and intra-rater reliability.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Moi Hoon Yap, Connah Kendrick, Neil D. Reeves, Manu Goyal, Joseph M. Pappachan, Bill Cassidy
Summary: This paper discusses the conceptual foundation and procedures used in developing diabetic foot ulcer datasets over the past decade, as well as the distribution of dataset users by country and year. It provides an overview of data capturing methods, computer vision tasks, and future directions in dataset development, aiming to encourage researchers to participate in data sharing in this domain by sharing technical challenges and good practices.
DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS GRAND CHALLENGE (DFUC 2021)
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sherouk Fouda, Madhu Mathew Vennikandam, Joseph M. Pappachan, Cornelius J. Fernandez
Summary: The intricate relationship between MAFLD and maternal complications poses a significant health threat to pregnant women, highlighting the need for more clinical research and management. The presence of MAFLD during pregnancy can exacerbate metabolic complications for both mother and baby, emphasizing the importance of understanding and addressing this issue.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
