Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Richard B. Kreider, Ralf Jager, Martin Purpura
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the bioavailability, efficacy, and regulatory status of creatine monohydrate (CrM) and other marketed forms of creatine. It concludes that only CrM has substantial evidence supporting its bioavailability, efficacy, and safety. The paper recommends the use of CrM in dietary supplements and calls for research to substantiate claims about the efficacy and safety of other forms of creatine before they are marketed.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katharina Wirnitzer, Mohamad Motevalli, Derrick R. Tanous, Martina Gregori, Gerold Wirnitzer, Claus Leitzmann, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle
Summary: Female and male distance runners have been found to have differences in physiological and psychological characteristics related to endurance, but gender was not found to be a strong modulator of supplement intake among different groups of endurance runners.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Jaqueline Montoya-Rodriguez, Christian Azofeifa-Mora, Braulio Sanchez-Urena
Summary: The consumption of beetroot juice rich in nitrates has been shown to improve sports performance, particularly in fatigue resistance during repeated sprints. Different dosages have been proposed for chronic and acute intake, with chronic intake leading to better results over a period of days, while acute intake closer to physical exertion may also yield effective outcomes. This systematic review reveals potential benefits in enhancing fatigue resistance during repeated sprints by consuming nitrates derived from beetroot juice.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ryan A. Tamilio, Neil D. Clarke, Michael J. Duncan, Rhys Morris, Jozo Grgic, Jason Tallis
Summary: This study found that acute caffeine consumption improved muscle strength performance in the elbow and knee joints even with chronic caffeine intake. Resistance training intervention resulted in significant improvements in upper and lower body strength, with similar effects between the caffeine and placebo groups.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ryan A. Tamilio, Neil D. Clarke, Michael J. Duncan, Rhys O. Morris, Jason Tallis
Summary: This study found that acute ingestion of 3 mg/kg of caffeine can improve muscular strength, power, and endurance. However, the ergogenic effects of caffeine may not be repeatable between different training sessions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Beatriz Lara, Juan Jose Salinero, Veronica Giraldez-Costas, Juan Del Coso
Summary: The study found that acute ingestion of 3 mg kg(-1) of caffeine significantly enhanced peak and mean cycling power during a 15-second adapted version of the Wingate test in both men and women, and the ergogenic effect was of similar magnitude in both sexes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Joao Paulo Lopes-Silva, Andre Luiz Silva da Rocha, Julio Cesar Correia Rocha, Vitor Fabiano dos Santos Silva, Carlos Rafaell Correia-Oliveira
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion on upper-body intermittent strength endurance performance of combat sports athletes. Caffeine intake significantly increased both total repetitions and maximal isometric handgrip strength compared to a placebo condition. While heart rate, lactate concentration, and perceived exertion increased linearly throughout the test, they did not differ significantly between caffeine and placebo conditions. Findings suggest that caffeine could help maintain high levels of maximal handgrip and endurance strength in upper limbs for athletes in grappling sports.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Widemar Ferraz da Silva, Joao Paulo Lopes-Silva, Leandro Jose Camati Felippe, Guilherme Assuncao Ferreira, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Marcos David Silva-Cavalcante
Summary: This study reviewed the effects of caffeine mouth rinsing on physical and cognitive performance. It found that caffeine mouth rinse can improve cognitive performance, but the effects on physical performance are more uncertain.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Naiandra Dittrich, Marilia C. Serpa, Elisa Cristina Lemos, Ricardo D. De Lucas, Luiz Guilherme A. Guglielmo
Summary: This study demonstrates that chewing caffeine gum significantly improves exercise tolerance in well-trained runners. Despite decreased neuromuscular responses after exhaustion, athletes were able to run a longer distance in the caffeine condition, suggesting a neuromuscular contribution to the performance enhancement induced by caffeine.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elif Gunalan, Betul Yildirim Cavak, Saadet Turhan, Irem Kaya Cebioglu, Raul Dominguez, Antonio Jesus Sanchez-Oliver
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of dietary supplements in Turkish football players and found that male and professional players had a higher intake of supplements compared to females and non-professionals. The most consumed supplements included sports drinks, magnesium, vitamin C, and vitamin D.
Review
Sport Sciences
Jozo Grgic, Pavle Mikulic
Summary: The meta-analysis found that caffeine ingestion significantly enhances rate of force development (RFD), particularly during resistance exercises. Higher doses of caffeine showed larger effects on RFD improvement. However, the effects were not significant during countermovement jump tests.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Alisson H. Marinho, Jaqueline S. Goncalves, Palloma K. Araujo, Adriano E. Lima-Silva, Thays Ataide-Silva, Gustavo G. de Araujo
Summary: This study reviewed the effects of caffeine and creatine on exercise performance and found that ingesting caffeine after creatine loading can provide additional benefits, while ingesting caffeine during creatine loading does not seem to have apparent benefits.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ellem Eduarda Pinheiro dos Santos, Rodrigo Cappato de Araujo, Darren G. Candow, Scott C. Forbes, Jaddy Antunes Guijo, Carla Caroliny de Almeida Santana, Wagner Luiz do Prado, Joao Paulo Botero
Summary: Studies have shown that in older females, supplementation with creatine combined with resistance training can significantly increase upper body strength, and increase both upper and lower body strength when training lasts at least 24 weeks. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tom Gurney, Owen Spendiff
Summary: Algae such as spirulina and chlorella have been shown to improve cardiovascular risk factors, anemia, immune function, and arterial stiffness. However, the impact of oxidative stress biomarkers reported in previous studies is still debated, calling for further research. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of algae supplementation in enhancing submaximal exercise performance, although the exact mechanisms behind these improvements remain unclear.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Scott C. Forbes, Darren G. Candow, Joao Henrique Falk Neto, Michael D. Kennedy, Jennifer L. Forbes, Marco Machado, Erik Bustillo, Jose Gomez-Lopez, Andres Zapata, Jose Antonio
Summary: Creatine supplementation effectively enhances resistance training and short-duration intermittent performance, while its effects on endurance performance remain less known. This article aims to discuss the potential mechanisms of how creatine can influence endurance activities and highlight specific details within the literature.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Erik P. Andersson, Thomas L. Stoggl, Philipp Bachl, John O. Osborne
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the effect of exercise-induced hyperpnea on gross efficiency (GE) and anaerobic capacity estimates during a self-paced 3-min supramaximal cycle time trial (TT). The study found that the hyperpnea-corrected models generated lower GE and higher anaerobic capacity during the supramaximal TT, compared to the conventional models. The linear models for estimating anaerobic capacity are likely to generate underestimated values.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Amy L. Sweeny, Gerben Keijzers, Andrea Marshall, Emma J. Hall, Jamie Ranse, Ping Zhang, Gary Grant, Ya-Ling Huang, Dinesh Palipana, Yang D. Teng, Benjamin Gerhardy, Jaimi H. Greenslade, Philip Jones, Julia L. Crilly
Summary: This study assessed the number of emergency department (ED) presentations in Queensland during the low COVID-19 case period of 2020-2021. The analysis showed a 19.4% decrease in ED presentations during the lockdown period compared to the pre-pandemic period. The decline varied across different triage categories and diagnostic groups, with presentations for less urgent conditions and mental health problems remaining below predicted levels in the post-lockdown period.
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Review
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Jennifer Hamer, Ben Desbrow, Chris Irwin
Summary: Coaches play a crucial role in athlete health and performance, but their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding low energy availability (LEA) are lacking. It is important to investigate coaches' current understanding of LEA to guide future education and support initiatives.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Denise L. Hope, Gary D. Grant, Gary D. Rogers, Michelle A. King
Summary: This article provides a systematic and quantitative review and evaluation of the alignment of learning outcomes and the quality of peer-reviewed literature reporting gamification in pharmacy education. The findings highlight the inconsistent reporting quality, misalignment between intended learning outcomes and reported outcomes, overreliance on student perceptions as primary data, and lack of reference to reporting guidelines. The review identifies evidence gaps and emphasizes the need for improved research quality, alignment of learning outcomes with evaluation, and use of reporting guidelines in gamification studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Christopher T. V. Swain, Ann E. Drummond, Roger L. Milne, Dallas R. English, Kristy A. Brown, Makayla W. C. Lou, Leonessa Boing, Amy Bageley, Tina L. Skinner, Eline H. van Roekel, Melissa M. Moore, Tom R. Gaunt, Richard M. Martin, Sarah J. Lewis, Brigid M. Lynch
Summary: The protective effect of physical activity on breast cancer incidence may be partly mediated by inflammation. Meta-analyses of intervention studies showed that exercise interventions reduced levels of circulating inflammatory biomarkers, providing support for the biological plausibility of the physical activity-inflammation-breast cancer pathway.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
J. O. Osborne, J. Tallent, O. Girard, P. W. Marshall, D. Kidgell, R. Buhmann
Summary: This Delphi study aimed to gather expert opinions and provide recommendations for best practices when using electrical stimulation during maximal voluntary contractions. The study found that electrical stimulation can validly assess voluntary activation in specific circumstances, such as during maximal contractions, and can be applied to either the muscle or the nerve. The recommendations from experts in this study can guide researchers in making informed decisions when designing studies involving electrical stimulation for the assessment of voluntary activation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Hanne C. Staff, Guro Strom Solli, John O. Osborne, Oyvind Sandbakk
Summary: This scoping review identified a limited number of studies that describe the long-term development of training and performance-determining factors in male and female endurance athletes. The findings suggest a non-linear increase in training volume over time and improvements in submaximal variables and maximal performance indices. However, the development of VO2max showed inconsistent results. No evidence was found regarding sex differences in the development of training or performance-determining factors among endurance athletes.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alexander N. Boytar, Tina L. Skinner, Ruby E. Wallen, David G. Jenkins, Marloes Dekker Nitert
Summary: This study systematically reviewed human longitudinal exercise interventions and found that moderate to high-intensity exercise for 30-90 min, at least 3 times per week (or 150-270 min per week) for 8 weeks or more, is likely to produce changes in the gut microbiota. Exercise appears to be effective in modifying the gut microbiota in both clinical and healthy populations. More rigorous methodology is needed for future studies to improve the certainty of the evidence.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathan Delang, Christopher Irwin, Aimie L. Peek, Iain S. Mcgregor, Ben Desbrow, Danielle Mccartney
Summary: This study systematically reviewed prior research on the effects of contact/collision sport participation on neurometabolite levels in the absence of concussion. The review found that N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and total creatine (tCr) decreased during the sports season, but glutamate-glutamine (Glx), myo-inositol (mI), and total choline (tCho) did not show significant changes. Several moderating factors, including sex, sport played, brain region, and the MRS quantification approach, were found to influence the results. The study suggests that contact/collision sport participation has the potential to alter neurometabolites measured via H-1 MRS in the absence of concussion, but further research is needed.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sanchari Basu Mallik, Jayesh Mudgal, Manas Kinra, Susan Hall, Gary D. Grant, Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie, Madhavan Nampoothiri, Yuqing Zhang, Devinder Arora
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of ferulic acid (FA) by using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior model. The results indicated that low doses of FA attenuated depressive-like behavior by modulating IDO, BDNF, and reducing neuroinflammation.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Asiyeh Avakh, Gary D. Grant, Matthew J. Cheesman, Tejaswini Kalkundri, Susan Hall
Summary: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a problematic bacterium due to its multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. It exhibits intrinsic and acquired resistance to many antibiotics, and efflux pumps, particularly the Mex pumps, play a crucial role in driving MDR. Developing efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) holds great potential for overcoming MDR and restoring the efficacy of antipseudomonal drugs.
Review
Substance Abuse
Blake Palmer, Christopher Irwin, Ben Desbrow
Summary: Factors influencing alcohol consumption behaviors among young Australian adults include physical and social opportunities, as well as reflective and automatic motivations. The COM-B model provides an integrated understanding of these factors and their impact on drinking behaviors.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Zane Hopper, Ben Desbrow, Shelley Roberts, Chris Irwin
Summary: Standardised bomb calorimetry methods are crucial for accurately measuring the energy content of food and beverages, but there is currently no universally accepted protocol. This review aims to summarize the literature on sample preparation methods used in bomb calorimetry for food and beverage analysis. The synthesis provides insights into the potential impact of methodological variations on the estimation of caloric values.
JOURNAL OF FOOD AND DRUG ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Blake Palmer, Christopher Irwin, Christina Mailer, Ben Desbrow
Summary: This study investigated the availability, visibility, advertising, and promotion of low-alcohol beverages (LABs) in licensed venues in Australia. The findings showed that LABs were available in about half of the venues audited, but their visibility and promotion were poor. There is a need to improve access to and promote lower alcohol alternatives within licensed venues.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH & PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
D. L. Hope, G. D. Rogers, G. D. Grant, M. A. King
Summary: The aim of this research was to evaluate affective learning in participants of an extended, immersive, gamified pharmacy simulation. Affective learning was assessed via analysis of student reflective journals. From 2016 to 2018, 123 students participated in the simulation, generating 734 reflective journal entries for analysis. Overall, affective learning was evident, and its level increased over the course of the simulation. This was primarily associated with the improvements of female students.
FOCUS ON HEALTH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
