Article
Polymer Science
Qi Wang, Liying Kang, Xiangyu Xu, Meng Zhang, Albert Chao, Jianxia Chen, Zhijing Han, Huihui Yu, Ruipeng Li, Yixin Zhao, Donghui Zhang, Naisheng Jiang
Summary: In this study, the effect of alkyl side chain branching on melt-recrystallization of nanoconfined polypeptoid films was investigated using poly(N-octyl glycine) (PNOG) and poly(N-2-ethyl-1-hexyl glycine) (PNEHG) as model systems. The results showed that alkyl side chain branching significantly influenced the packing motif and multiscale crystalline structure of polypeptoids under a nanoconfined geometry.
Article
Polymer Science
Xi Jiang, Morgan Seidler, Glenn L. Butterfoss, Xubo Luo, Tianyi Yu, Sunting Xuan, David Prendergast, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Nitash P. Balsara
Summary: Amphiphilic molecules in aqueous solutions can form molecularly thin nanosheets. This study examines the atomic-scale structure of crystalline nanosheets formed by amphiphilic polypeptoids using cryogenic electron microscopy. The analysis reveals atomic-scale corrugations in the nanosheet, resulting in a doubling of the unit cell dimension. This work provides an alternative interpretation for observed angstrom X-ray diffraction peaks in polypeptoid crystals.
Article
Polymer Science
Lixun Zhang, Junying Yang, Weihua Li
Summary: In this study, the self-assembly of a multiblock copolymer melt was investigated under the confinement of nanopores. Different multi-strand helical structures were successfully predicted by tailoring the copolymer architecture. The results showed that these helical structures are mainly stabilized by the unique ability of the specific architecture to relieve the packing frustration of the majority blocks.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaoyuan Wang, Sirui Li, Yongqiang Cai
Summary: This study introduces a novel method to calculate the elastic moduli of self-assembled liquid-crystalline bilayers within the self-consistent field theory framework using the asymptotic expansion method, significantly reducing computational cost. Numerical simulations demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Naisheng Jiang, Donghui Zhang
Summary: Polypeptoids, a class of synthetic peptidomimetic polymers, have the potential for biotechnological applications and can self-assemble into various nanostructures with tailorable morphologies and functionalities.
Article
Polymer Science
Jun Yuan, Xiang Liu, Yingying Wang, Guangjian Zeng, Gang Li, Xue-Hui Dong, Tao Wen
Summary: This study investigates the self-assembly behavior of chiral block copolymers under one-dimensional spatial confinement, revealing the formation of chiral nanostructures and the influence of shape and topology on self-assembly.
Article
Polymer Science
Lin Weng, Mingchao Ma, Chenxiao Yin, Zhi-Xiong Fei, Ke-Ke Yang, Caroline A. Ross, Ling-Ying Shi
Summary: The synthesis and self-assembly of a silicon-containing liquid crystalline block copolymer (SiLCBCP) with high interaction parameter was reported, which contained thermally and photo-responsive azobenzene mesogens in the side chains. The phase transitions and orientation in the block copolymer were influenced by the molecular structural transitions of the azobenzene mesogens. A series of azobenzene-containing SiLCBCPs were synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization, and the influence of the liquid-crystalline phase transition on the nanostructure of the block copolymers was described. Various nanostructures were obtained as the volume fraction of the PMAAzo block changed.
Article
Polymer Science
Junying Yang, Qingshu Dong, Meijiao Liu, Weihua Li
Summary: This study investigates the self-assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymers under confinement and finds that the common phase sequence can only be maintained when the cylinder phase is not close to the boundaries of its phase region. Short B-blocks cause packing frustration and result in distortion of structures.
Article
Polymer Science
Jia-Lu Bai, Dan Liu, Rong Wang
Summary: Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has significant implications on the dynamic self-assembly process of amphiphilic diblock copolymers (BCPs). By controlling the formation paths, it can impact the structure and properties of the resulting aggregates. Detailed research and simulation of LLPS and its self-assembly contribute to completing the theoretical basis and practical applications in various fields in the future.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alexey A. Gavrilov, Igor I. Potemkin
Summary: The copolymer sequence is a novel tool to control system properties. This perspective explores copolymers with partially segregated sequences, including gradient copolymers, copolymers with random sequences, and those with controlled sequences. The review focuses on the effects of chain sequences on the microscopic behavior of polymer chains, as well as the application of data-driven methods (artificial intelligence and machine learning) in copolymer chain sequence design.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Wei Wen, Wangqi Ouyang, Song Guan, Aihua Chen
Summary: Polymerization induced hierarchical self-assembly (PIHSA) is a facile approach to synthesize non-spherical block copolymer (BCP) nanoparticles (NPs) by combining liquid crystallization and polymerization induced self-assembly. In this study, a PIHSA formulation based on azobenzene-containing BCPs was developed in n-butanol, achieving a high monomer conversion and morphological transformation of NPs under UV/Vis irradiation. This work expands the PIHSA systems and has potential applications in coating, smart devices, and gene delivery materials.
Article
Polymer Science
Derrick E. Hastings, Jose C. Bozelli, Richard M. Epand, Harald D. H. Stover
Summary: The transition from self-coacervation to complex coacervation of a series of charge-balanced polyampholyte (PA) and polyelectrolyte (PE) pairs based on copolymers of methacrylic acid and N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride was described, focusing on the effects of charge distribution on coacervate properties. The study found that higher molecular weight complex coacervates exhibited increased resistance to stimuli such as ionic strength and pH, compared to liquid self-coacervates and less hydrated coacervates formed from two PE homopolymers with complementary nonstoichiometric PAs.
Article
Polymer Science
Andreas J. Mueller, Aaron P. Lindsay, Ashish Jayaraman, Timothy P. Lodge, Mahesh K. Mahanthappa, Frank S. Bates
Summary: The discovery of Frank-Kasper phases and dodecagonal quasicrystals in soft, mesoscopic systems has sparked interest in understanding the fundamental mechanisms behind their formation. This study explores the temperature-dependent small-angle X-ray scattering analyses of a specific block copolymer, revealing its sequential assembly into various morphologies before melt disordering.Cooling a well-ordered BCC phase results in direct formation of a sigma phase, highlighting the importance of particle size distribution in triggering the emergence of a DDQC.
Review
Polymer Science
Yin Ning, Steven P. Armes, Dan Li
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive summary of nanoparticle occlusion within inorganic crystals. It discusses various strategies for occluding different types of colloidal particles in different host crystals and highlights the physicochemical properties and potential applications of the resulting functional nanocomposite crystals. The review also offers a perspective on the future direction of research in this field.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Nicolas Maria, Jon Maiz, Daniel E. Martinez-Tong, Angel Alegria, Fatimah Algarni, George Zapzas, Nikos Hadjichristidis, Alejandro J. Mueller
Summary: By comparing the crystallization and morphology of two linear diblock copolymers and blends, it was found that the diblock copolymers are miscible in the melt state while the blends are immiscible. The crystallization of PVDF is strongly influenced by its environment, with different polymorphic compositions induced by cooling rate or crystallization temperature.
Article
Polymer Science
Eva Maron, Zdravko Kochovski, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Hans G. Borner
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anne R. Nielsen, Stanislav Jelavic, Daniel Murray, Behzad Rad, Martin P. Andersson, Marcel Ceccato, Andrew C. Mitchell, Susan L. S. Stipp, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Karina K. Sand
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xi Jiang, Jing Sun, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Nitash P. Balsara
Summary: The morphological changes of phosphonate polypeptoid electrolyte membranes were characterized in hydrated and dry states using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and cryogenic electron tomography. The different lengths of the thin films absorbed varying amounts of water, resulting in different vesicle formations and lamellar phases. The changes in domain size reflected changes in chain conformations and water saturation levels.
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xi Jiang, Sunting Xuan, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Robert M. Glaeser, Kenneth H. Downing, Nitash P. Balsara
Summary: The introduction of a novel composite holey gold support aims to prevent cryo-crinkling and reduce beam-induced motion of soft specimens, building on a previously introduced all-gold support. This two-step fabrication method includes transferring a holey gold film on top of a molybdenum grid and then transferring a continuous thin carbon film onto the holey gold film. The resulting Au/Mo grid shows excellent performance with tilted specimens and can provide high-resolution information of crystalline membranes beyond 1.5 angstrom.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xi Jiang, Nitash P. Balsara
Summary: Electron microscopy has been essential in characterizing polymers, with recent developments allowing for atomic resolution imaging of polymer crystals and providing a comprehensive understanding of strategies towards high-resolution imaging of radiation-sensitive polymer materials at different length scales.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiangmin Ding, Dandan Liu, Xi Jiang, Xuesi Chen, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Jing Sun
Summary: The interplay between crystalline packing and hierarchical assembly is essential for the fabrication of complex superstructures from polymers. This study demonstrates the formation of distinct hierarchical superstructures by tuning the balance between surface energy and crystallization energy of a diblock copolymer containing an N-octylglycine peptoid block. The partially ordered micellar aggregates serve as key intermediates and template the formation of superstructures. The fiber-like branch of the superstructures exhibits living linear growth and shows promise for biomedical applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shih-Ting Wang, Honghu Zhang, Sunting Xuan, Dmytro Nykypanchuk, Yugang Zhang, Guillaume Freychet, Benjamin M. Ocko, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Nevena Todorova, Oleg Gang
Summary: This study demonstrates a method of using peptoid molecules to stabilize gold, silver, platinum, and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). This approach allows for the control of NP stability in different environments while maintaining a small NP molecular shell size. Experimental results show that gold nanoparticles coated with a specific structure of peptoid (PE5) exhibit superior stability and can self-assemble into ordered 2D lattices at the vapor-aqueous interface.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Min Lin, Meiyao Wang, Dandan Liu, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Jing Sun
Summary: The complexation of polyelectrolytes offers the opportunity to construct new hierarchical materials. This study reports the assembly of nanoscale peptidomimetic polyelectrolyte complex vesicles (PCVs) from oppositely charged homopolypeptoids and homopoly(2oxazoline)s, which have excellent aqueous stability and can encapsulate hydrophilic cargo molecules. The appropriate strength of hydrogen-bonding effects is crucial for the formation of the vesicles, and the PCVs show great stability and low toxicity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tianyi Yu, Xubo Luo, David Prendergast, Glenn L. Butterfoss, Behzad Rad, Nitash P. Balsara, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Xi Jiang
Summary: The precise engineering of synthetic polymers with the same structural accuracy as biomacromolecules is crucial for the de novo design of robust nanomaterials with biomimetic function. Peptoids, a controllable bio-inspired polymer family, have the ability to assemble into various functional, crystalline nanostructures across different sequences. Through cryo-TEM 3D reconstruction, the conformation of an individual polymer chain within a peptoid nanofiber lattice is directly visualized, providing atomic-level details of the molecular structure. The findings reveal the role of packing interactions in determining the local chain ordering and long-range order in peptoid lattices, and demonstrate the potential to modulate lattice stability and nanoscale morphology through the addition of small molecules, thus accelerating the design of functional nanostructures.
Article
Polymer Science
Xi Jiang, Morgan Seidler, Glenn L. Butterfoss, Xubo Luo, Tianyi Yu, Sunting Xuan, David Prendergast, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Nitash P. Balsara
Summary: Amphiphilic molecules in aqueous solutions can form molecularly thin nanosheets. This study examines the atomic-scale structure of crystalline nanosheets formed by amphiphilic polypeptoids using cryogenic electron microscopy. The analysis reveals atomic-scale corrugations in the nanosheet, resulting in a doubling of the unit cell dimension. This work provides an alternative interpretation for observed angstrom X-ray diffraction peaks in polypeptoid crystals.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James R. B. Eastwood, Ethan I. Weisberg, Dana Katz, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Kent Kirshenbaum
Summary: The number of structural studies on peptoids has significantly increased in the past 20 years. Over 100 high-resolution structures of peptoids, N-substituted glycine oligomers, have been reported to date. These structures have been collected and standardized to aid in structural analysis and are available in The Peptoid Data Bank, which also provides links to published structural data. This review examines the current collection of structures and identifies a strong correlation between the chemistry of side chains adjacent to the backbone nitrogen and their influence on the backbone's conformational preferences. Additionally, a relationship between the side chain and backbone conformations, specifically the values of the chi(1) and phi dihedrals, is observed for many monomers, which has not been extensively discussed before. Based on the patterns observed in the collected structures, a general design strategy for achieving specific backbone conformations is outlined.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Thi Kim Hoang Trinh, Tengyue Jian, Biao Jin, Dan-Thien Nguyen, Ronald N. Zuckermann, Chun-Long Chen
Summary: In this study, peptoid nanomembranes were designed and prepared as mimics of phosphotriesterases to catalyze the hydrolysis of DMNP. This approach overcomes limitations of natural enzymes and allows for enhanced hydrolysis activity, demonstrating potential for high catalytic efficiency in nerve agent detoxification.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Sunting Xuan, Xi Jiang, Nitash P. Balsara, Ronald N. Zuckermann
Summary: The research shows that through utilizing complementary molecular shapes, selective assembly between sequence-defined peptoids can be achieved. Peptoids with different overall molecular shapes were able to form crystalline nanosheets with the same lattice structure in aqueous solution.