Article
Physiology
Norman R. Lazarus, Stephen D. R. Harridge
Summary: Physiology can be considered as the study of the healthy human ageing process, where biological health is affected by lifestyle and the interaction of lifestyle choices with physical activity determines the trajectory of ageing towards health or disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Helena Andersson, Andreas Caspers, Manne Godhe, Torbjorn Helge, Julia Eriksen, Dan Fransson, Mats Borjesson, Elin Ekblom-Bak
Summary: Walking Football is a popular recreational football activity targeting older adults. This study investigated the characteristics of the participants and their experience in Walking Football, as well as the physiological demands of the sport. The results showed that the average age of the participants was 70.9 years, with a majority of them having hypertension and regularly taking prescription drugs due to illness. During Walking Football games, the participants covered an average distance of 2409 meters and maintained a heart rate of about 80% of their maximum. This suggests that Walking Football is a moderate intensity activity for older adults. The main motivation for participating in Walking Football was social interaction.
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN FOOTBALL
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Benjamin J. Ryan, Nisha Charkoudian, Michael J. Joyner
Summary: In recent years, there have been many new approaches to improve physical performance for athletes, the military, and other applications. The goal of this discussion is to review and quantify the potential impact of these approaches using physiological insights. The evaluation ranges from transformative to ineffective or undetermined. For example, an increase of arterial oxygen partial pressure by 10% may not have a significant impact on healthy individuals at sea level, but it could be beneficial at high altitude or for certain patient populations. The importance of quantitative evaluation and the role of integrative physiologists in appraising these approaches are highlighted.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jacob L. Barber, Jonathan J. Ruiz-Ramie, Jeremy M. Robbins, Robert E. Gerszten, Arthur S. Leon, D. C. Rao, James S. Skinner, Claude Bouchard, Mark A. Sarzynski
Summary: The study investigated whether high or low responsiveness to exercise training in seven cardiometabolic traits aggregate in the same individuals. Results showed that high and low responses did not consistently aggregate in the same individuals across all traits, with nearly half of the cohort demonstrating at least one high response and one low response in the seven traits.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isabel A. Ely, Bethan E. Phillips, Kenneth Smith, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Mathew Piasecki, Leigh Breen, Mads S. Larsen, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: This review highlights the anabolic effects of leucine (LEU) supplementation in the context of aging, exercise, and unloading states. LEU has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and maximize muscle anabolism, especially when combined with resistance exercise. Low doses of LEU-enriched protein/essential amino acids (EAA) can achieve maximal MPS stimulation without the need for larger protein doses, making LEU supplementation a promising strategy for promoting muscle growth and net protein accretion.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeronimo Aragon-Vela, Olivia Gonzalez-Acevedo, Julio Plaza-Diaz, Rafael A. Casuso, Jesus R. Huertas
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of seawater consumption in long-duration sport events. The results indicate that consuming seawater can accelerate the recovery of aerobic capacity and muscle capacity, while reducing lactate production after running exercise.
Article
Microbiology
Lucas Moitinho-Silva, Michelle Wegener, Sandra May, Florian Schrinner, Awais Akhtar, Teide J. Boysen, Eva Schaeffer, Clint Hansen, Timo Schmidt, Malte C. Ruehlemann, Matthias Huebenthal, Philipp Rausch, Mustafa T. Kondakci, Walter Maetzler, Stephan Weidinger, Matthias Laudes, Philip Suess, Dominik Schulte, Ralf Junker, Felix Sommer, Burkhard Weisser, Corinna Bang, Andre Franke
Summary: This study explored the effects of different types of exercise on human physiology, revealing distinct impacts on immune cells and body parameters in endurance and strength training. Microbiome changes showed individual variations without specific collective alterations, emphasizing individual differences.
Review
Sport Sciences
Kellsey N. Smith, Tracy Baynard, Peter S. Fischbach, Jane S. Hankins, Lewis L. Hsu, Peggy M. Murphy, Kiri K. Ness, Shlomit Radom-Aizik, Amy Tang, Robert Liem
Summary: In total, 24 studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Adverse events were reported in 3.8% of 939 participants with SCD undergoing maximal CPET, with most related to transient ischaemic changes on ECG monitoring or oxygen desaturation during testing. Only 0.43% experienced pain events related to maximal CPET.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Ying Zhang, Jin-Soo Kim, Tian-Zhen Wang, Robert U. Newton, Daniel A. Galvao, Robert A. Gardiner, Michelle M. Hill, Dennis R. Taaffe
Summary: Exercise is increasingly being recognized as a valuable treatment strategy in managing prostate cancer by releasing extracellular vesicles that may influence disease outcomes, including suppressing tumor development.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Ryan Welch, Alaina Francis, Thalia Babbage, Mandy Lardenoye, John Kolbe, Kevin Ellyett
Summary: The VBA technique described in the manuscript provides an alternative approach for determining and quantifying EFLT, potentially reducing the overestimation of EFLT degree and more accurately identifying individuals experiencing EFLT.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ana Paula Renno Sierra, Antonio Alves Fontes-Junior, Ines Assis Paz, Cesar Augustus Zocoler de Sousa, Leticia Aparecida da Silva Manoel, Duane Cardoso de Menezes, Vinicius Alves Rocha, Hermes Vieira Barbeiro, Heraldo Possolo de Souza, Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
Summary: Inadequate nutrient intakes, such as low carbohydrate and calcium intakes, are associated with higher fat mass. High sucrose and sodium intakes are associated with elevated levels of BDNF. Adequate carbohydrate intake after exercise promotes higher levels of myostatin and musclin, while inadequate intakes lead to lower levels of IL-15 and BDNF. High cholesterol and low fiber intakes are associated with lower levels of irisin and apelin.
Article
Sport Sciences
Andrew H. Ramsook, Michele R. Schaeffer, Reid A. Mitchell, Satvir S. Dhillon, Kathryn M. Milne, Olivia N. Ferguson, Joseph H. Puyat, Michael S. Koehle, A. William Sheel, Jordan A. Guenette
Summary: The study found that both females and males experience a decrease in diaphragm voluntary activation (D-VA) and transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (P-di,P-TW) after whole-body exercise, but the decrease is significantly less in females compared to males.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
J. O. R. E. N. BUEKERS, P. A. T. R. I. C. K. DE BOEVER, J. A. N. THEUNIS, S. A. R. A. H. HOUBEN-WILKE, A. N. O. U. K. W. VAES, F. R. I. T. S. M. E. FRANSSEN, E. M. I. E. L. F. M. WOUTERS, S. A. M. I. O. SIMONS, JEAN-MARIE AERTS, M. A. R. T. I. J. N. A. SPRUIT
Summary: The effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on physiological exercise responses in COPD patients vary between responders and nonresponders. Responders showed significant improvements in endurance time and breathing patterns after PR, while nonresponders did not exhibit similar improvements. These physiological changes are associated with the variable improvements in physical performance seen in COPD patients after PR.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
John A. Hawley, Michael J. Joyner, Daniel J. Green
Summary: Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in identifying bioactive oral compounds that mimic the effects of exercise, but these compounds have typically only targeted skeletal muscle and fail to impart the broad health benefits seen in other tissues and organs. The challenges of designing a pill that can mimic the extensive range of exercise benefits are discussed, including the limitations of the current myocentric paradigm and the potential application of low dose cardiovascular polypills in mimicking cardiovascular exercise effects. Calls for an exercise pill stem from perceived failures of expert advice and public health approaches, and possible strategies to address the global rise in inactivity are explored.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
I. Lisko, J. Kulmala, M. Annetorp, T. Ngandu, F. Mangialasche, M. Kivipelto
Summary: The aging population has led to a significant increase in older individuals living with dementia and disabilities, with dementia identified as the main cause of disability in old age. The World Health Organization's risk reduction guidelines highlight 12 modifiable risk factors that could contribute to approximately 40% of dementia cases worldwide. The FINGER trial has shown that multidomain lifestyle-based intervention can prevent cognitive and functional decline in at-risk older adults, supporting the need for integrated preventive interventions to address the shared risk factors between dementia and physical disability.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Claudio Mauro, Amy J. Naylor, Janet M. Lord
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rose S. Penfold, Maria Beatrice Zazzara, Marc F. Osterdahl, Carly Welch, Mary Ni Lochlainn, Maxim B. Freidin, Ruth C. E. Bowyer, Ellen Thompson, Michela Antonelli, Yu Xian Rachel Tan, Carole H. Sudre, Marc Modat, Benjamin Murray, Jonathan Wolf, Sebastien Ourselin, Tonny Veenith, Janet M. Lord, Claire J. Steves
Summary: The study found that aging affects temperature regulation, with significant heritability in both health and acute infection settings. Results showed that increasing age was associated with lower temperatures and a 1% decrease in fever likelihood for each additional year in COVID-19 infected individuals. Therefore, the authors suggest a lower temperature threshold of 37.4 degrees Celsius for identifying fever in older adults aged 65 and above.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Jonathan I. Quinlan, Amritpal Dhaliwal, Felicity Williams, Sophie L. Allen, Leigh Breen, Carolyn A. Greig, Janet M. Lord, Matthew J. Armstrong, Ahmed M. Elsharkawy
Summary: This study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous muscle biopsies in patients with ESLD. The procedure successfully obtained muscle tissue with a high consent rate and yielded sufficient tissue for analysis. The study provides evidence for the safe use of muscle biopsies in this population, even considering disease-specific complications, medications, and comorbidities.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Stephen D. R. Harridge
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Michaeljohn Kalakoutis, Ross D. D. Pollock, Norman R. R. Lazarus, R. Andrew Atkinson, Marc George, Onur Berber, Roger C. C. Woledge, Julien Ochala, Stephen D. R. Harridge
Summary: The specific force (SF) of human aging in single muscle fibers is inconsistent in different studies, which may result from variations in the health status/physical activity levels and methodological differences. This study compared SF in fibers from older hip fracture patients, healthy master cyclists, and healthy nontrained young adults using two different activating solutions. The results showed that the activating solution significantly affected the force and revealed a difference in sensitivity in muscle fibers of hip fracture patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Conor Bentley, Jon Hazeldine, Laura Bravo, Angela E. Taylor, Lorna C. Gilligan, Fozia Shaheen, Animesh Acharjee, George Gkoutos, Mark A. Foster, Wiebke Arlt, Janet M. Lord
Summary: This study aimed to understand the speed and extent of the immediate endocrine response to traumatic injury. The results showed an increase in glucocorticoid and adrenal androgen biosynthesis within 1 hour of injury, while classic gonadal androgens decreased. Further studies are needed to investigate the association between these early changes in steroid metabolism and patient outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Jonathan I. Quinlan, Amritpal Dhaliwal, Felicity R. Williams, Sophie L. Allen, Surabhi Choudhary, Alex Rowlands, Leigh Breen, Gareth G. Lavery, Janet M. Lord, Ahmed M. Elsharkawy, Matthew J. Armstrong, Carolyn A. Greig
Summary: The central question of this study is to determine to what extent musculoskeletal impairment occurs in patients with end stage liver disease (ESLD) compared to a healthy control group. The main finding is that muscle mass, quality, and function are impaired in patients with ESLD, particularly in the lower limb muscle groups. This highlights the importance of considering muscle health in the lower limbs, as sarcopenia is associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality in ESLD patients.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Maxim B. Freidin, Nathan Cheetham, Emma L. Duncan, Claire J. Steves, Katherine J. Doores, Michael H. Malim, Niccolo Rossi, Janet M. Lord, Paul W. Franks, Alessandra Borsini, Isabelle Granville Smith, Mario Falchi, Carmine Pariante, Frances M. K. Williams
Summary: Chronic fatigue is a common symptom of post-COVID syndrome, and this study suggests that elevated levels of IL-6 prior to COVID-19 infection may contribute to the development of chronic fatigue.
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hamish J. C. McAuley, Rachael A. Evans, Charlotte E. Bolton, Christopher E. Brightling, James D. Chalmers, Annemarie B. Docherty, Omer Elneima, Paul L. Greenhaff, Ayushman Gupta, Victoria C. Harris, Ewen M. Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Caroline J. Jolley, Olivia C. Leavy, Nazir I. Lone, William D. C. Man, Michael Marks, Dhruv Parekh, Krisnah Poinasamy, Jennifer K. Quint, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Marco Sereno, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Sally J. Singh, Michael Steiner, Ai Lyn Tan, Louise Wain, Carly Welch, Julie Whitney, Miles D. Witham, Janet Lord, Neil J. Greening, HOSP-COVID Study Collaborat Grp
Summary: This study recruited COVID-19 survivors in the UK and objectively measured frailty using FFP. The results showed that frailty and pre-frailty are common after hospitalization with COVID-19, and comprehensive assessment and interventions targeting frailty are needed beyond the initial illness.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Umer Syed, Anuradhaa Subramanian, David C. Wraith, Janet M. Lord, Kirsty McGee, Krishna Ghokale, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Shamil Haroon
Summary: This study found an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and an increased incidence of IMIDs such as T1DM, IBD, and psoriasis. However, these findings may be influenced by ascertainment bias, and further research is needed to replicate and investigate these results in other populations.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Yuanwei Xu, Nabeela Malik, Saisakul Chernbumroong, James Vassallo, Damian Keene, Mark Foster, Janet Lord, Antonio Belli, Timothy Hodgetts, Douglas Bowley, George Gkoutos
Summary: Novel triage tools developed using machine learning outperform existing tools in a nationally representative trauma population. The proposed primary tool requires external validation prior to consideration for practical use. The secondary tool demonstrates good external validity and may be used to support decision-making by healthcare workers responding to major incidents.
EMERGENCY MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yung-Yi Chen, Krupali M. Patel, Rizwana Imran, Tarek Hassouna, Ezekwe Amirize, Abdulrazak Abdulsalam, Jonathan Bishop, Anita Slade, Maximina Ventura, Jeremy Yarrow, Janet M. Lord, Yvonne Wilson, Naiem S. Moiemen
Summary: This study aims to investigate the cellular kinetics in HTS after laser therapy, focusing on the association of scar reduction with the presence of senescent cells. The findings will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in scar reduction with laser treatment and help improve treatment regimens for HTS patients.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Leena Patel, Ashwin Roy, Amor Mia B. Alvior, Mengshi Yuan, Shanat Baig, Karina V. Bunting, James Hodson, Katja Gehmlich, Janet M. Lord, Tarekegn Geberhiwot, Richard P. Steeds
Summary: Alstrom syndrome (AS) is an ultra-rare disorder characterized by early-onset multi-organ dysfunction. This study found that AS patients have a higher Phenoage compared to chronological age, and echocardiography shows cardiac changes indicative of accelerated aging.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kamlesh Patel, Marcos Fernandez-Villamarin, Craig Ward, Janet M. Lord, Peter Tino, Paula M. Mendes
Summary: This study reports a fluorescence-based assay for the detection of kynurenine in urine, which shows a linear response and low detection limit. The quantitative analysis of kynurenine in synthetic urine samples using this method is accurate and has the potential for low-cost and high-throughput analysis.
Article
Rehabilitation
Jonathan I. Quinlan, Clare Jones, Emma Bissonnette, Amritpal Dhaliwal, Felicity Williams, Surabhi Choudhary, Leigh Breen, Gareth G. Lavery, Matthew J. Armstrong, Ahmed M. Elsharkawy, Janet M. Lord, Carolyn A. Greig
Summary: End stage liver disease patients with muscle mass loss are at increased risk of complications, hospitalization, and mortality. This study investigated the impact of reducing the number of slices required for muscle volume estimation and compared two equations for estimating muscle volume. The use of the truncated equation with a 4 cm slice interval on MRI was found to be an efficient and accurate method for estimating quadricep muscle volume in ESLD patients.
FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES
(2022)