期刊
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 8, 期 27, 页码 17321-17333出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05075
关键词
layered sodium transition metal oxides; lithium titanium spinel oxide; lithium ion batteries; sodium ion batteries; hybrid sodium-lithium ion batteries; TEM analysis; EPR spectroscopy; lithium and sodium intercalation
The development of lithium and sodium ion batteries without using lithium and sodium metal as anodes gives the impetus for elaboration of low-cost and environmentally friendly energy storage devices. In this contribution we demonstrate the design and construction of a new type of hybrid sodium lithium ion cell by using unique electrode combination (Li4Ti5O12 spinel as a negative electrode and layered Na3/4Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 as a positive electrode) and conventional lithium electrolyte (LiPF6 salt dissolved in EC/DMC). The cell operates at an average potential of 2.35 V by delivering a reversible capacity of about 100 mAh/g. The mechanism of the electrochemical reaction in the full sodium lithium ion cell is studied by means of postmortem analysis, as well as ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis, HR-TEM, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The changes in the surface composition of electrodes are examined by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
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