期刊
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS
卷 35, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
DOI: 10.1145/2897824.2925906
关键词
MPM; APIC; elastoplasticity; sand; granular
资金
- Division of Computing and Communication Foundations
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [1423064] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
We simulate sand dynamics using an elastoplastic, continuum assumption. We demonstrate that the Drucker-Prager plastic flow model combined with a Hencky-strain-based hyperelasticity accurately recreates a wide range of visual sand phenomena with moderate computational expense. We use the Material Point Method (MPM) to discretize the governing equations for its natural treatment of contact, topological change and history dependent constitutive relations. The Drucker-Prager model naturally represents the frictional relation between shear and normal stresses through a yield stress criterion. We develop a stress projection algorithm used for enforcing this condition with a non-associative flow rule that works naturally with both implicit and explicit time integration. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on examples undergoing large deformation, collisions and topological changes necessary for producing modern visual effects.
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