Effect of magnesium deficiency on magnetic properties tuning and cation redistributions of magnesium ferrite nanoparticles

Magnesium nano ferrite Mg1-xFe2O4 with deficient Mg (0x0.5) has been prepared with the co-precipitation method. The Mg deficiency was examined from the samples elemental compositions obtained by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The impact of the Mg deficiency on the structural and magnetic characteristics has been inspected applying X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared and vibrating sample magnetometer. The structural analysis applying Rietveld method indicated the variation of cation distribution between the octahedral B-site and tetrahedral A-site with the Mg content. The lattice parameter, crystallite size, oxygen coordinates, bond angles and bond lengths are calculated as the function of Mg-deficient content in the samples. From the analysis, the defect spinel structure Mg1-xFe2O4 with Mg2+ deficiency could be considered as a solid solution of stoichiometric (1-x)MgFe2O4 and (x)Fe2.6673+0.333O4, ( symbolize cation vacancies) which corresponding to a general formula (Mgy-x2+Fe1-y3+)[Mg1-y2+Fe1+y-x/33+x/3]O4. Fourier transform infrared was used to identify the different ions (Fe3+, Fe2+, Mg2+) in each sample and their location either in A or B sites. The magnetic measurement showed that the samples exhibited a superparamagnetic behavior. Yafet-Kittel and core-shell models were applied in order to understand the samples magnetic behavior. The competition between the amount of Fe2+ in B site and crystallite size controlled the coercivity and magnetocrystalline anisotropy behavior of the samples.