Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Thurarshen Jeyalingam, Ryan Brydges, Shiphra Ginsburg, Graham A. McCreath, Catharine M. Walsh
Summary: This study aims to understand how clinical supervisors make decisions regarding procedural entrustment. The findings suggest that entrustment levels fluctuate in different contexts, and both static and dynamic factors influence the decision-making process. Understanding the factors that influence supervisors' decisions can inform faculty development and competency committees' work.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Daniel J. Schumacher, Catherine Michelson, Ariel S. Winn, David A. Turner, Abigail Martini, Benjamin Kinnear
Summary: The mechanisms underlying prospective entrustment decision making by entrustment or clinical competency committees are not well understood. This study conducted a realist synthesis of the literature to identify what works in making defensible prospective entrustment decisions, for whom, and under what circumstances. The findings suggest that decision making is often driven by default, and the trustworthiness of trainees and the sufficiency of data about their performance influence the decision making process. Additionally, factors such as personal knowledge and experience with trainees and the structure and processes of the committees also play a role in the decision making process.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Olle ten Cate, Carol Carraccio, Arvin Damodaran, Wade Gofton, Stanley J. Hamstra, Danielle E. Hart, Denyse Richardson, Shelley Ross, Karen Schultz, Eric J. Warm, Alison J. Whelan, Daniel J. Schumacher
Summary: The Miller's pyramid divides assessment in medical education into different levels, emphasizing innovation and importance in workplace assessment. With the rise of competency-based medical education, assessment of learners' competence in clinical workplaces has become a focus.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Olle ten Cate, Dorene F. Balmer, Holly Caretta-Weyer, Rose Hatala, Marije P. Hennus, Daniel C. West
Summary: The authors reviewed recent research papers to establish a research and development agenda for EPAs in the coming decade. They identified 3 levels of potential research and development and categorized their recommendations into 14 discrete themes. Future studies should focus on large-scale implementation of EPAs to support CBME and evaluate their impact at various levels.
Article
Management
Johannes Ulrich Siebert, Reinhard E. Kunz, Philipp Rolf
Summary: Decision sciences emphasize the importance of decision training, but few studies have empirically tested its effectiveness or practical usefulness, and even fewer have investigated its impact on problem structuring. Effective structuring of problems and generating alternatives is crucial in decision-making processes, leading to increased decision satisfaction and overall life satisfaction. Research findings indicate positive effects of decision training on proactive cognitive skills and decision satisfaction, with minimal impact on proactive personality traits and limited significant interactions with experience.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Daniel J. Schumacher, Catherine Michelson, Ariel S. Winn, David A. Turner, Ethan Elshoff, Benjamin Kinnear
Summary: This study investigates the factors influencing prospective entrustment decisions made by medical education committees. It found that trainees' ability to know their limits and seek help is the foundation of these decisions, but default decisions and lack of sufficient data are common challenges.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Claire Touchie, Benjamin Kinnear, Daniel Schumacher, Holly Caretta-Weyer, Stanley J. Hamstra, Danielle Hart, Larry Gruppen, Shelley Ross, Eric Warm, Olle ten Cate
Summary: Health care is centered around trust, with educational programs responsible for developing trustworthy physicians and making valid entrustment decisions for unsupervised practice. The validity of these decisions should be supported by arguments that can be analyzed across various components. Frameworks by Kane and Messick can be applied to support summative entrustment decision-making, ensuring high-quality safe patient care.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David R. Brown, Jeremy J. Moeller, Douglas Grbic, Dorothy A. Andriole, William B. Cutrer, Vivian T. Obeso, Mark D. Hormann, Jonathan M. Amiel
Summary: Progress has been made in developing an entrustment process in the Core EPAs framework, but important gaps remain, particularly for a subset of Core EPAs.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Thurarshen Jeyalingam, Catharine M. Walsh, Walter Tavares, Maria Mylopoulos, Kathryn Hodwitz, Louis W. C. Liu, Steven J. Heitman, Ryan Brydges
Summary: This study explored rater entrustment decision making in workplace and simulation settings for entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in medical education. The results showed that there were variations in how raters understood and defined entrustment, which led to differences in their entrustment decisions. The study suggests that these variations should be considered when integrating EPA assessments from different settings and emphasizes the importance of clear definitions and purposes in workplace and simulation-based assessments.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Karen Scherr, Rebecca K. Delaney, Peter Ubel, Valerie C. Kahn, Daniel Hamstra, John T. Wei, Angela Fagerlin
Summary: The study developed a SDM training video for early stage prostate cancer patients, which was well received and led to increased willingness to participate in decision-making, reduced decision urgency, and improved self-efficacy for communicating with physicians. Participants also showed increased intentions to seek a referral from a radiation oncologist, take notes, and record their upcoming appointments.
MEDICAL DECISION MAKING
(2022)
Article
Ethics
Sune Holm
Summary: This article discusses the legitimacy of deferring referral decisions in primary care to recommendations from machine learning algorithms. The introduction of algorithmic decision procedures for referral decisions is justified by their increased accuracy compared to practitioners. The improvement in accuracy helps optimize the use of healthcare resources and enhance patient care. The article proposes a proceduralist framework to examine the legitimacy of algorithmic referral decisions based on instrumental values of accuracy and fairness. It also explores the connection between procedural algorithmic legitimacy and the debate on algorithmic fairness.
ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Aden Kittel, Ian Cunningham, Paul Larkin, Matthew Hawkey, Geraldine Rix-Lievre
Summary: The decision-making ability of sports officials is crucial for success, but insight into improving this skill through off-field training is lacking. Past training methods have limitations, and future studies should focus on including more competition constraints, as well as reflective training and individualized approaches for officials.
PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Salvatore Corrao, Christiano Argano
Summary: This article discusses clinical approaches and educational gaps in training medical students and young doctors to improve clinical reasoning. The authors analyze core elements of clinical reasoning, including metacognition, reasoning errors and cognitive biases, reasoning strategies, and ways to enhance decision-making.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anke J. M. Oerlemans, Marjan L. Knippenberg, Gert J. Olthuis
Summary: Learning shared decision-making (SDM) in clinical practice involves observing and imitating other professionals, as well as reflecting on personal experiences. Both patients and professionals agree that learning the nuances of SDM is a complex task that requires involvement of patients, informal learning processes, and role models.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING
(2021)
Review
Surgery
Alaina D. Geary, Hilary Sanfey, Loretto Glynn, Luise I. Pernar
Summary: This study conducted a literature review to explore the scope and purpose of teaching assistant cases, their impact on patients and safety, as well as the barriers and facilitators to resident participation. The findings suggest that trustworthiness plays a crucial role in residents being granted teaching assistant opportunities.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Leslie Carstensen Floren, Amy Louise Pittenger, Olle ten Cate, David M. Irby
Summary: This paper describes the development and preliminary validity evidence for a Tool for Observing Construction of Knowledge in Interprofessional teams (TOCK-IP). The tool showed fair agreement among faculty raters and high agreement between raters' scores and consensus rating. Faculty supported the feasibility and utility of the tool.
JOURNAL OF INTERPROFESSIONAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Inge Pool, Saskia Hofstra, Marieke van der Horst, Olle ten Cate
Summary: Healthcare has become highly specialized, with specialists playing a crucial role in delivering high-quality care. However, this specialization has also led to fragmentation, with professionals often trained in separate postgraduate programs and facing challenges in collaboration. The concept of transdisciplinary entrustable professional activities (EPAs) has been proposed to enhance collaboration and flexibility in healthcare education. This paper discusses the practical and conceptual issues surrounding transdisciplinary EPAs and their potential impact on professional identity.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Adrian Philipp Marty, Machelle Linsenmeyer, Brian George, John Q. Young, Jan Breckwoldt, Olle ten Cate
Summary: With the rise of competency-based medical education and workplace-based assessment, assessment methods have been extensively discussed. Direct observation and other sources of information have become standard in many clinical programs. Entrustable professional activities have become a central focus in clinical workplace assessment. The use of digital technology has rendered paper and pencil observation obsolete, and mobile technology has become indispensable for documentation and assessment at the point of care.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susan Humphrey-Murto, Seung Ho Lee, Michael Gottlieb, Tanya Horsley, Bev Shea, Karine J. Fournier, Christopher Tran, Teresa Chan, Timothy Wood, Olle ten Cate
Summary: This study aims to explore the use of virtual NGT in research. The study will use literature review and online interviews to answer questions about the extent of virtual NGT usage, modifications made to accommodate the online format, and the advantages and disadvantages compared to face-to-face mode.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Fury Maulina, Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, Fedde Scheele, Jamiu O. Busari
Summary: This study investigated doctors' perceptions of physician leadership competencies based on their experiences in low-resource rural and remote areas of Indonesia. The findings revealed that good physician leaders in these settings should possess cultural sensitivity skills, a strong character, and creativity and flexibility skills.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Hannah L. Anderson, Layla Abdulla, Dorene F. Balmer, Marjan Govaerts, Jamiu O. Busari
Summary: This study aims to understand intrinsic inequity in assessment systems by analyzing assessment policies and procedures in residency training, using general pediatrics as a case study. Foucauldian discourse analysis was conducted, revealing that inequity in assessment may not be an isolated aberration but rather an inherent feature of the system.
ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jamiu O. Busari
Summary: Successful black or nonwhite healthcare scholars serve as ideal role models for young, aspiring, and underrepresented healthcare professionals. Unfortunately, many fail to understand the challenges these individuals faced to attain their success. Most black healthcare professionals credit their success to working twice as hard as their white peers. In this article, the author presents a teachable case story to highlight how black scholars can thrive in inequitable professional contexts.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Nel, Eduard Jonas, Vanessa Burch, Amy Nel, Lydia Cairncross, Adnan Alseidi, Brian George, Olle ten Cate
Summary: This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the current use of EPAs in general surgery, and to guide surgeon-educators on implementing CBME. The review will include peer-reviewed journal publications and an extensive review of grey literature sources. The results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at international conferences.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Terence Ma, Olle Ten Cate
Summary: This paper discusses a job activity framework called entrustable professional activities (EPAs) used in medical education, and explores its potential application in other industries to provide employers with information about a prospective employee's ability to perform required job activities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION AND LEARNING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Leslie Carstensen Floren, Amy L. L. Pittenger, Ingeborg Wilting, David . M. Irby, Olle ten Cate
Summary: This study investigates workplace-based interactions between residents and pharmacists, finding differences between US and Dutch residents in their engagement with pharmacists and medication resources. While US residents reported positive impacts of informal interactions with pharmacists on their learning, Dutch residents did not confirm this. Designing training programs to include opportunities for interactions with pharmacists could potentially improve residents' informal workplace learning.
MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Fury Maulina, Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, Jamiu O. Busari, Fedde Scheele
Summary: Globally, rural/remote health systems struggle due to infrastructure limitations, lack of resources, healthcare professionals, and cultural barriers. Leadership plays a crucial role in addressing these challenges, especially in low-income and middle-income countries like Indonesia. Effective communication, trust-building, collaboration facilitation, connection-making, and coalition-building are deemed essential for doctors working in rural/remote communities. Culture-based leadership training should be provided to doctors in Indonesia and other similar settings to better prepare them for the specific demands of rural practice.
Editorial Material
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jan C. Frich, Dominique Allwood, Jamiu O. Busari, Ming-Ka Chan, Amelia Compagni, Rachel Gemine, Indra Joshi, Robert Klaber, Benjamin Laker, Erwin Loh, Oscar Lyons, Aoife Molloy, James Mountford, Amit Nigam, Rachael Moses, Julie-Lyn Noel, Iain Smith, Janice St John-Matthews, Catherine Stoddart, Charlotte Emily Williams
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Daniel J. Schumacher, Benjamin Kinnear, Carol Carraccio, Eric Holmboe, Jamiu O. Busari, Cees van der Vleuten, Lorelei Lingard
Summary: High-value care is not often delivered in healthcare, but medical education can provide the spark for change by embracing competency-based medical education (CBME) and centering the patient. The authors argue that medical educators must adopt a new approach, treat CBME as an adaptive challenge, and prioritize genuine engagement and discussion.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Omolayo Anjorin, Jamiu O. Busari
Summary: In this article, the authors draw on their own lived experiences to provide a critical sociological overview of the challenges faced by racial/ethnic minority students in medical education. They examine the concepts of categorization, othering, and belonging in the context of medical education, and highlight the psychological and academic consequences of overgeneralizing social categories.
TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Marjel van Dam, Hanneke van Hamersvelt, Lisette Schoonhoven, Reinier G. G. Hoff, Olle ten Cate, Marije P. P. Hennus
Summary: This study aims to explore the nature, aspects, and key features of supervision under highly demanding circumstances among certified and redeployed healthcare professionals on COVID-19 ICUs. The study found that efforts should primarily focus on factors that are within a supervisor or trainee's span of control to ensure good clinical supervision.
MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE
(2023)