Article
Immunology
Oscar Manouchehrian, Marta Ramos, Sara Bachiller, Iben Lundgaard, Tomas Deierborg
Summary: The study aimed to measure the effect of acute inflammation on the glymphatic system by analyzing the distribution of CSF tracers after LPS injections. The results showed a significant decrease in perivascular CSF tracer flow and penetration into the parenchyma following LPS injections, without impacting AQP4 polarization, cytokines, astroglial and BBB markers, cerebral blood flow, or respiration.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Devis Benfaremo, Silvia Svegliati, Chiara Paolini, Silvia Agarbati, Gianluca Moroncini
Summary: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune-mediated chronic disorder characterized by small vessel alterations and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Various molecular pathways are being evaluated as potential therapeutic targets for SSc in clinical trials.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Olga Gumkowska-Sroka, Kacper Kotyla, Ewa Mojs, Klaudia Palka, Przemyslaw Kotyla
Summary: Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease with unknown origin and unpredictable course, exhibiting both cutaneous and internal organ manifestations. Despite the lack of understanding about its background and the absence of specific therapy, the focus of treatment is to preserve organ function. However, in modern times, insights from other fields of medicine may provide new possibilities for treating disease-related complications.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Haggai Kaspi, Jonathan Semo, Nathalie Abramov, Chen Dekel, Stacy Lindborg, Ralph Kern, Chaim Lebovits, Revital Aricha
Summary: These positive preclinical results suggest that Exo MSC-NTF may be a suitable therapy for COVID-19-induced ARDS and are more effective in combating ARDS physiological, pathological, and biochemical symptoms than sEVs isolated from non-induced MSCs.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Ji Feng, Jing Zhou, Yong Wu, Han-Ming Shen, Tao Peng, Guo-Dong Lu
Summary: Ischemia is a common pathological process that restricts nutrient availability and induces autophagy. Although autophagy helps sustain nutrient/energy and restrict damages in short-term scenarios, it leads to cell death in long-term scenarios. Ischemia has been used as a clinical application for cancer treatment, but its efficacy is limited. Our recent research shows that combining sorafenib with glucose starvation can enhance cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by impairing mitophagy. We also identified SIAH1 as an important E3 ubiquitin ligase for mitophagic induction in HCC cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fatima Cabral, Mustafa Al-Rahem, John Skaggs, Thushara A. Thomas, Naresh Kumar, Qian Wu, Paolo Fadda, Lianbo Yu, John M. Robinson, Jonghan Kim, Ekta Pandey, Xinghui Sun, Wael N. Jarjour, Murugesan V. S. Rajaram, Edward N. Harris, Latha P. Ganesan
Summary: The study revealed that Stab1 primarily facilitates the proactive clearance of LPS and limits TLR4-mediated inflammation, with TLR4 and Stab1 functionally opposing each other as LPS receptors. It suggests that endotoxemia can be controlled by optimizing LPS clearance by Stab1.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patience Odeniyide, Marielle E. Yohe, Kai Pollard, Angelina V. Vaseva, Ana Calizo, Lindy Zhang, Fausto J. Rodriguez, John M. Gross, Amy N. Allen, Xiaolin Wan, Romel Somwar, Karisa C. Schreck, Linda Kessler, Jiawan Wang, Christine A. Pratilas
Summary: This study suggests that the FTase inhibitor tipifarnib may be an effective therapeutic strategy for a subset of fusion-negative RMS patients, especially those with HRAS mutations.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ralley E. Prentice, Sally J. Bell, Claudia A. Nold-Petry, Marcel F. Nold, Rimma Goldberg
Summary: The effects of in utero exposure to inflammatory bowel disease pharmacotherapies and maternal inflammatory activity on the development of the neonatal immune system remain unclear, and further research is needed to determine appropriate antenatal care strategies for IBD.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Dermatology
T. Bieber, A. S. Paller, K. Kabashima, M. Feely, M. J. Rueda, J. A. Ross Terres, A. Wollenberg
Summary: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that starts in childhood and often continues into adulthood. It is characterized by various clinical phenotypes and is influenced by interactions between genetics, immune system dysregulation, and environmental factors. T-cell-driven inflammation plays a critical role in AD, with T helper (Th) 2- and Th17-derived cytokines, mediated by the Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathway, being key players. These inflammatory processes interact with sensory neuronal pathways, contributing to the clinical manifestations of AD, including itch, pain, and sleep disturbance. Recent advancements in understanding the molecular pathways involved in AD have led to the development of more targeted treatment strategies, such as JAK inhibitors and cytokine-specific biologic agents, offering promise for individualized treatment strategies tailored to specific AD subtypes.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Quanren Pan, Fengbiao Guo, Yanyan Huang, Aifen Li, Shuxian Chen, Jiaxuan Chen, Hua-feng Liu, Qingjun Pan
Summary: SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease with treatment options including hormones, immunosuppressants, and biologic drugs, but rates of response are unsatisfactory. Emerging evidence suggests gut microbiota dysbiosis may play crucial roles in SLE, with potential therapies like oral antibiotic therapy and fecal microbiota transplantation showing promise. Further research and understanding of gut microbiota in SLE may provide novel therapeutic strategies for improving clinical outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Alfredo Raglio
Summary: The therapeutic use of music can involve active interventions or passive listening, both of which have shown therapeutic effects in different clinical settings. However, there is a lack of clear therapeutic rationale and specific application protocols for music listening-based interventions.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Qiao Zhou, Ting Li, Qin Qin, Xiaobo Huang, Yi Wang
Summary: Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death that is closely related to tumorigenesis, tumor development, and the treatment of lymphoma. Targeting ferroptosis may be a strategy for treating lymphoma.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
William H. H. Nugent, Danuel A. A. Carr, Joel Friedman, Bjorn K. K. Song
Summary: Sepsis is a severe complication of infection and injury that causes perfusion deficits and multi-organ failure due to endothelial dysfunction. A topical formulation of curcumin was developed to target the endothelial barrier and showed potential in mitigating the endotoxemic endothelial dysfunction.
ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez, Alexandra Martin-Rodriguez, Rodrigo Yanez-Sepulveda, Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of various diseases, and mitochondrial transfer has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for restoring mitochondrial function. This review summarizes the current understanding of mitochondrial transfer, its mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and impact on cell death pathways. The future directions and challenges in using mitochondrial transfer as a novel therapeutic approach in disease diagnosis and treatment are also discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chun-Huei Liao, Chih-Ching Yen, Hsiao-Ling Chen, Yu-Hsien Liu, Yu-Hsuan Chen, Ying-Wei Lan, Ke-Rong Chen, Wei Chen, Chuan-Mu Chen
Summary: A novel kefir exopolysaccharides (KEPS) derived from kefir grain fermentation were found to have anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting NF-kappa B/MAPK signaling in LPS-induced systemic injury, suggesting their potential as a treatment for inflammatory disorders.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marlene Schwarzfischer, Anna Niechcial, Kristina Handler, Yasser Morsy, Marcin Wawrzyniak, Andrea S. Laimbacher, Kirstin Atrott, Roberto Manzini, Katharina Baebler, Larissa Hering, Egle Katkeviciute, Janine Hafliger, Silvia Lang, Maja E. Keller, Jerome Woodtli, Lisa Eisenbeiss, Thomas Kraemer, Elisabeth M. Schraner, Mahesa Wiesendanger, Sebastian Zeissig, Gerhard Rogler, Andreas E. Moor, Michael Scharl, Marianne R. Spalinger
Summary: This study investigates the interaction between the PTPN22 gene variation and food-grade titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The results show that the ingestion of titanium dioxide nanoparticles makes mice carrying the PTPN22 variation susceptible to IBD and triggers severe intestinal inflammation. This demonstrates that environmental factors can interact with genetic risk variants and reverse a protective mechanism into a disease-promoting effect.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura J. Smith, Magdalena M. Bolsinger, Kai-Yin Chau, Matthew E. Gegg, Anthony H. Schapira
Summary: Sequence variants or mutations in the GBA gene are the most important risk factor for Parkinson's disease. This study characterizes the effects of the E326K variant in human cells and finds that it behaves differently compared to other common GBA mutations. However, lipid imbalance and alpha-synuclein pathology are still observed.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Joana Torres, Maria Chaparro, Mette Julsgaard, Konstantinos Katsanos, Zuzana Zelinkova, Manasi Agrawal, Sandro Ardizzone, Marjo Campmans-Kuijpers, Gabriele Dragoni, Marc Ferrante, Gionata Fiorino, Emma Flanagan, Catarina Frias Gomes, Ailsa Hart, Charlotte Rose Hedin, Pascal Juillerat, Annemarie Mulders, Par Myrelid, Aoibhlinn O'Toole, Pauline Riviere, Michael Scharl, Christian Philipp Selinger, Elena Sonnenberg, Murat Toruner, Jantien Wieringa, C. Janneke Van der Woude
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adam R. R. Smith, David M. M. Richards, Katie Lunnon, Anthony H. V. Schapira, Anna Migdalska-Richards
Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder, and mutations in the GBA1 gene are the most common genetic risk factor for PD. PD-GBA1 is distinct from idiopathic PD in terms of age of onset, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. This study found differences in DNA methylation levels of the SNCA gene between PD-GBA1 and idiopathic PD, suggesting the existence of different genetic subtypes within PD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Electra Brunialti, Alessandro Villa, Marco Toffoli, Sara Lucas Del Pozo, Nicoletta Rizzi, Clara Meda, Adriana Maggi, Anthony H. V. Schapira, Paolo Ciana
Summary: Microglia are heterogenous cells in the nervous system that have distinct populations contributing to specific processes, including neuroprotection. Our study found that male microglia tend to have a more pro-inflammatory phenotype, while female microglia are more sensitive to glucocerebrosidase inhibition. Furthermore, glucocerebrosidase inhibition impaired the ability of female microglia to enhance the Nrf2-dependent detoxification pathway in neurons.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Janine Hafliger, Marlene Schwarzfischer, Kirstin Atrott, Claudia Stanzel, Yasser Morsy, Marcin Wawrzyniak, Silvia Lang, Tomas Valenta, Konrad Basler, Gerhard Rogler, Michael Scharl, Marianne R. Spalinger
Summary: The loss of GP96 in the adult mice intestine leads to the degeneration of the stem cell niche, the eradication of the epithelial layer, and ultimately death. This is due to defects in Wnt and Notch signaling, as well as massive induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. GP96 also plays a critical role in regulating the renewal and differentiation of intestinal stem cells.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tom Foltynie, Sonia Gandhi, Cristina Gonzalez-Robles, Marie-Louise Zeissler, Georgia Mills, Roger Barker, James Carpenter, Anette Schrag, Anthony Schapira, Oliver Bandmann, Stephen Mullin, Joy Duffen, Kevin McFarthing, Jeremy Chataway, Mahesh Parmar, Camille Carroll
Summary: Multi-arm, multi-stage platform designs have improved the efficiency of clinical trials in the field of oncology. Foltynie et al. discuss the challenges and considerations of using this approach to assess potential disease-modifying treatments in progressive neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna Niechcial, Marlene Schwarzfischer, Marcin Wawrzyniak, Kirstin Atrott, Andrea Laimbacher, Yasser Morsy, Egle Katkeviciute, Janine Hafliger, Patrick Westermann, Cezmi A. Akdis, Michael Scharl, Marianne R. Spalinger
Summary: The study found that the polyamine spermidine can reduce intestinal inflammation by promoting the production of anti-inflammatory macrophages, maintaining a healthy gut microbiome, and preserving the integrity of the intestinal barrier, suggesting its potential therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel disease.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Marianne Spalinger, Marlene Schwarzfischer, Anna Niechcial, Kirstin Atrott, Andrea Laimbacher, Paulin Jirkof, Michael Scharl
Summary: The use of analgesics in DSS-induced colitis models is currently discouraged due to potential interactions. However, this study found that tramadol and paracetamol can be viable options without interfering with colitis severity. Tramadol had minor effects on colitis, while paracetamol improved overall appearance. Metamizole, on the other hand, significantly reduced water uptake and caused weight loss.
LABORATORY ANIMALS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Daniel Schweckendiek, Dagmar Pauli, Michael Scharl
Summary: Eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, are potentially life-threatening with severe psychiatric and somatic comorbidities. The number of patients is expected to increase significantly in the post COVID-19 pandemic era. This article focuses on the gastroenterologic aspects and complications of eating disorders, rather than the psychiatric treatment. The role of gastroenterologists in managing these complications is crucial.
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael Scharl
Summary: Current data on the clinical effectiveness of microbiota-based therapies varies greatly between different diseases. While certain therapies proved successful in the treatment of some diseases, the data is still insufficient on their effectiveness in other diseases. So far, the most successful treatment in this context is fecal microbiota transplantation with a success rate of 80-90% for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile colitis.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cornelis Blauwendraat, Nahid Tayebi, Elizabeth Geena Woo, Grisel Lopez, Luca Fierro, Marco Toffoli, Naomi Limbachiya, Derralynn Hughes, Vanessa Pitz, Dhairya Patel, Dan Vitale, Mathew J. Koretsky, Dena Hernandez, Raquel Real, Roy N. Alcalay, Mike A. Nalls, Huw R. Morris, Anthony H. V. Schapira, Manisha Balwani, Ellen Sidransky
Summary: This study investigated the contribution of PD risk variants to risk for PD in patients with GD1. The results showed that patients with GD1 who developed PD had a significantly higher PD genetic risk score than those without PD. This suggests that common risk variants may affect underlying biological pathways.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2023)