Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiangbai Wu, Gen Li, Wenping Jiang, Shang-Min Long, Bo Lu
Summary: The relationship between ENSO and SST anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean during the decaying summer is asymmetric, with a weaker relationship between La Nina and SST anomalies relative to El Nino. This can be explained by asymmetries in initial SST, oceanic Rossby wave response, and ENSO decaying rate. La Nina events tend to have stronger initial warming and a slower decay, impacting climate predictability for the region.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lei Zhang, Gang Wang, Matthew Newman, Weiqing Han
Summary: This study analyzes sea surface temperature variability in the Indian Ocean, focusing on both internal processes and external influences from the Pacific. Results show that internally generated SST variability in the Indian Ocean is comparable to that forced by ENSO, indicating that the Indian Ocean actively influences the tropical Pacific.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kaigui Fan, Xidong Wang, Juan Liu, Caixia Shao
Summary: Tropical cyclones can transfer heat downward into the ocean, and this study investigates the spatiotemporal variability of this heat transfer and its potential impacts on ocean heat content. It finds that the distribution of heat transfer is uneven, with the greatest heat transfer occurring in the northwest Pacific. Interannual variability of heat transfer is closely related to the characteristics of tropical cyclones, and correlation analyses suggest a link to El Nino-Southern Oscillation. The study also suggests that heat transfer might have potential effects on ENSO evolution.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Richard Seager, Naomi Henderson, Mark Cane, Honghai Zhang, Jennifer Nakamura
Summary: This study reveals that the persistent multiyear cold states of the tropical Pacific Ocean have global hydroclimate impacts, primarily maintained by anomalous ocean heat flux divergence, which is influenced by changes in ocean circulation and thermal structure.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Leishan Jiang, Tim Li
Summary: The tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature anomaly is influenced by two dominant modes: basin-warming mode and meridional dipole mode, affecting the following winter's climate. The basin-warming mode induces a La Nina through Kelvin wave response and wind-evaporation-SST-convection feedback, while the dipole mode has little impact. Studies show that the differences in these modes play a role in the development of ENSO events in the Pacific Ocean.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Guang Yang, Xia Zhao, Dongliang Yuan, Yazhou Zhang, Lin Liu, Shiqiu Peng
Summary: Previous studies have shown that the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the tropical Atlantic or Indian Ocean during boreal winter-to-spring can lead to central-Pacific (CP) type El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the following winter. This study uses observational data and CMIP5 model simulations to demonstrate the strong relationship between the winter-to-spring north tropical Atlantic (NTA) SSTA or Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) mode and CP ENSO events. The synergistic effect of IOB and NTA SSTA can lead to more severe CP ENSO events in the subsequent winter through adjustments in the Walker circulation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yuntao Jian, Marco Y. T. Leung, Wen Zhou, Maoqiu Jian, Song Yang, Xiaoxia Lin
Summary: This study investigates the interdecadal variability of the ENSO-STV relationship over the Asian-Pacific-American region and the shift in this relationship in the 1980s over Eastern China. The research finds that the change in the ENSO pattern is a key factor influencing the interdecadal shift in the ENSO-STV relationship.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
T. O. N. G. Lu, Z. H. I. W. E. I. Zhu, Y. I. N. G. Yang, J. I. N. G. Ma, G. A. N. G. Huang
Summary: This study investigates the formation mechanism of the summer Western North Pacific Anomalous Anticyclone (WNPAC) that is independent of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It is found that besides the significant relationship with ENSO, the WNPAC index remains almost unchanged after removing the impact of ENSO, suggesting the possibility of other origins of the WNPAC. A two-step mechanism from the Atlantic to the Pacific is proposed for the formation of ENSO-independent summer WNPAC.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hanjie Fan, Song Yang, Chunzai Wang, Yuting Wu, Guangli Zhang
Summary: This study examines the projected changes in the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) and its impact on the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) under greenhouse gas forcing. The results suggest potential increases in both PMM amplitude and its impact on ENSO, highlighting the increasing importance of PMM for ENSO development. The study calls for more attention to be paid to PMM for ENSO prediction.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Soong-Ki Kim, Soon-Il An
Summary: The life cycle of ENSO follows a seasonal march, with onset in spring, developing during summer, maturing in winter, and decaying in the following spring. Recent studies show that the seasonal modulation of the ENSO growth rate is crucial for phase locking. Different regimes of phase locking are associated with the strength of seasonal modulation of growth rate, with a seasonal gap in the strong regime where ENSO peak cannot occur.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chiyu Zhao, Xin Geng, Wenjun Zhang, Li Qi
Summary: This study finds that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) can affect the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It shows that during a negative AMO phase, the atmospheric anomaly amplitudes in the tropical Pacific for El Nino events are more pronounced and for La Nina events are weaker, compared to a positive AMO phase. This discrepancy may be largely attributed to the decadal modulation of AMO.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Weixuan Xu, Jung-Eun Lee, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Yann Planton, Michael J. McPhaden
Summary: Current global climate models have biases in simulating the mean state and ENSO phenomenon in the tropical Pacific. Previous studies have shown that increasing the elevation of the Andes can improve the simulation of the mean state. In this study, we explored the influence of the Andes on ENSO simulation and found that higher Andes elevations can decrease the amplitude of ENSO, making it more consistent with observations.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qi Tian, Ruiqiang Ding, Jianping Li
Summary: This study evaluates the simulations of the NTA mode and NTA-ENSO connection using CMIP5 and CMIP6 historical simulations. The results show that most models can reproduce the spatial pattern of the NTA mode reasonably, although there are some differences in the central values and position. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the CMIP5/CMIP6 models have a large diversity in the NTA-ENSO connection, which may be attributed to their differences in simulating the spring climatological mean Atlantic ITCZ precipitation and spring-to-summer NTA SST persistence. The CMIP6 models perform better in simulating the NTA-ENSO connection compared to the CMIP5 models.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yuhao Cai, Xiang Han, Haikun Zhao, Philip J. Klotzbach, Liguang Wu, Graciela B. Raga, Chao Wang
Summary: This study reveals an enhanced relationship between snow depth in the eastern Tibetan Plateau in January-March and the frequency of rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific during the following peak TC season. The correlation between these two factors is significant in recent years, but was insignificant in the past. The relationship is influenced by the presence of an anomalous anticyclone and the associated wind anomalies and cooler sea surface temperatures in the subtropical eastern North Pacific.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaofan Li, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Zhiqiang Gong, Bhaskar Jha
Summary: This study quantitatively assesses the impact of global sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) on land precipitation anomalies using a new metric, and compares observations with model simulations. The results show that SSTAs have different effects on precipitation variations in different regions, with hotspot areas identified in the Sahel region, Indochina Peninsula, and southwestern United States. The simulations underestimate the influence of SSTAs on land precipitation, but ensemble means amplify the integrated impact.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wenping Jiang, Ping Huang, Gang Huang, Jun Ying
Summary: The excessive westward extension of ENSO SST in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models is primarily due to the simulated cold tongue strength in the equatorial western Pacific. With the overall improvement in the EWP cold tongue from CMIP5 to CMIP6, the excessive westward extension bias of ENSO SST in CMIP6 models is reduced relative to those in CMIP5 models.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jiayu Zhang, Ping Huang, Fei Liu, Shijie Zhou
Summary: This study investigates the spatial pattern of amplitude changes in tropical intraseasonal and interannual variability under global warming, focusing on precipitation and circulation. The moisture budget and thermodynamic energy equations are found to be simultaneously tenable, with the vertical gradient of mean-state moist static energy being a key factor in determining the spatial pattern of circulation changes. Vertical gradients of moisture and dry static energy are modified by global warming, influencing the moisture and thermodynamic energy balances and ultimately the spatial pattern of precipitation and circulation changes.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Letter
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Weiying Peng, Quanliang Chen, Shijie Zhou, Ping Huang
Summary: Seasonal forecasts for sea surface temperature anomalies in the offshore area of China pose a challenge for climate prediction in China. Research shows that using simulations from global climate models can provide accurate climate forecasts. The optimized multi-model ensemble can achieve high anomaly correlation coefficients at a 3-month lead time.
GEOSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wenping Jiang, Hainan Gong, Ping Huang, Lin Wang, Gang Huang, Lisuo Hu
Summary: The influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is investigated using CMIP6 models and compared to CMIP5 models. The results show that CMIP6 models more accurately reproduce the ENSO-EAWM teleconnection, although it is still somewhat underestimated compared to observations. The underestimation among the models can be attributed to the excessive extension of the cold tongue to the equatorial western Pacific. Most CMIP6 models better simulate the ENSO-EAWM teleconnection compared to CMIP5 models. Efforts should be made to reduce the bias in the mean-state sea surface temperature for better simulation and projection of the East Asian-western Pacific winter climate.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xianke Yang, Ping Huang
Summary: The evolution of ENSO is regulated by the diversity of post-ENSO evolution, with a decaying mode and a developing mode coexisting during the ENSO decaying periods. The ENSO developing mode, susceptible to other signals, determines the diversity of ENSO evolution, while the ENSO decaying mode is steady. Key signals in the South Atlantic and equatorial South Pacific are identified as the main sources impacting ENSO evolution. A prediction model based on the decaying and developing modes improves the forecasting skill of summer ENSO when considering continuous SSTAs and interbasin interactions.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yanfeng Wang, Ping Huang
Summary: Fire emissions in South America consistently decreased from 2003 to 2019, which can be attributed to unfavorable climatic conditions and the phase transition of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Despite anthropogenic forcing exacerbating drought and fire risks, fire emissions and aerosol pollution in the southern Amazon and Pantanal region showed a consistent long-term decrease. This decrease is linked to climatic conditions that hindered fire intensification and spread, including increased humidity and slower surface wind speed.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jun Ying, Matthew Collins, Wenju Cai, Axel Timmermann, Ping Huang, Dake Chen, Karl Stein
Summary: Determining the emergent climate change signals in the tropical Pacific is crucial for climate action. Model simulations show that the mean sea surface temperature signal is already detectable, and that mean rainfall and ENSO-related signals could emerge around 2040. The results emphasize the importance of understanding the time of emergence of climate change signals and the increasing risks of ENSO-induced climate extremes.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xinru Xie, Ping Huang, Shijie Zhou, Jiayu Zhang
Summary: The study investigates the changes in ENSO-driven Hadley circulation (HC) and the role of ENSO SST and background SST changes using multiple models. The results show that ENSO-driven HC intensifies in a warmer climate, especially over the eastern Pacific, and the changes in background SST enhance this intensification.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xianke Yang, Ping Huang, Yong Liu, Dong Chen
Summary: This study finds that the negative relationship between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and summer Northeast Asia (NEA) circulation has undergone changes over the past few decades, particularly a significant strengthening after 1999/2000. This change is closely connected with the variation of circumglobal teleconnection (CGT)/Silk Road pattern (SRP) and is influenced by the ENSO-Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) relationship and ENSO evolution.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Tiantian Yu, Wen Chen, Ping Huang, Juan Feng, Ning Jiang
Summary: This paper focuses on the interdecadal changes in the biennial East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) transition related to the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO), which is closely associated with the changes in the amplitude and position of wind anomalies over the western North Pacific (WNP). The study suggests that the regime shifts in El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) properties play a crucial role in inducing circulation anomalies over the WNP, subsequently contributing to the changes in the EASM TBO.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xianke Yang, Ping Huang
Summary: The coupling of precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST) is crucial in understanding climate variation under global warming. The CMIP6 models significantly improved the simulation of the precipitation-SST and precipitation-SST tendency correlations compared to the CMIP5 models, particularly in spring and summer. The differences among models were mainly determined by the climatological precipitation.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Shufan Li, Ping Huang
Summary: This study proposes a new method to accurately estimate Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) by reducing the influence of internal noise using an exponential-interval sampling (EIS) method. The results demonstrate that this method can provide a more accurate estimation of ECS, with the estimated values being closer to the results of long-term simulations.
GEOSCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yue Chen, Ping Huang
Summary: This study analyzes the simulation of subsurface temperature decadal variability (TPDV) in the tropical Pacific of 26 CMIP6 models. The ENSO-like and ENSO-induced TPDVs show a high consistency in the subsurface, while the ENSO-induced TPDV in the subsurface has two distinct patterns among the models, with one centered in the central Pacific and the other showing a zonal dipole in the equatorial Pacific. The zonal pattern of the ENSO-induced TPDV in the subsurface is mainly induced by the SST skewness in the equatorial eastern Pacific, which is related to the surface heat flux feedback during La Nina.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xianke Yang, Ping Huang, Peng Hu, Zhibiao Wang
Summary: This study defines two indices for continuing and emerging ENSOs based on the combination of the two leading modes of tropical sea surface temperature anomalies. It reveals that these two types of ENSOs dominate the variability in the tropical Indo-western Pacific and have different impacts on the Asian summer monsoon.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ping Huang, Xiao-Tong Zheng, Xichen Li, Kaiming Hu, Zhen-Qiang Zhou
