Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaoye Wang, Yulong You, Xiangxin Han, Xiumin Jiang
Summary: Catalytic pyrolysis of oil shale with different zeolite catalysts was studied by experiments and DFT calculations, revealing differences in product distribution, coke characteristics and hydrocarbon adsorption. The study shows that optimizing zeolite characteristics and pyrolysis conditions can lead to directional regulation of volatile products and improvement of shale oil quality.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Soheil Valizadeh, Sumin Pyo, Young-Min Kim, Hanie Hakimian, Young -Kwon Park
Summary: Catalytic pyrolysis of cow manure using HZSM-5, HBeta, and HY zeolites was conducted, and HZSM-5 showed the highest production efficiency of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and naphthalene. The acidity and pore structure of the catalysts played a crucial role in the efficiency. Increasing the acidity, reaction temperature, and catalyst-to-feedstock ratio further increased the production of BTEXN and decreased oxygen-containing compounds.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chao Li, Farshad Ataei, Farid Atashi, Xun Hu, Mortaza Gholizadeh
Summary: This study demonstrated that catalytic pyrolysis in the presence of zeolite can effectively convert PET waste into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, while adjusting the properties and compositions of the products. Zeolite influences the yields of gases and light hydrocarbons by affecting secondary and primary reactions in the process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zezhou Chen, Xurui Zhang, Fan Yang, Huanghu Peng, Xu Zhang, Shouxin Zhu, Lei Che
Summary: The study reveals that coke evolution in the catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene leads to accumulation of coke quantity and structural condensation, resulting in catalyst deactivation and decrease of oil yields but increase of wax yields and heavy oil concentration.
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wojciech Jerzak, Ningbo Gao, Izabela Kalemba-Rec, Aneta Magdziarz
Summary: This study compares the effects of ZSM-5 and Zeolite Y catalysts on intermediate pyrolysis. Zeolite Y showed higher carbon deposition and hydrogen and nitrogen contents during the pyrolysis of rapeseed meal. The catalysts had different effects on the properties of the products, with Zeolite Y producing higher-quality pyro-gas but decreasing hydrogen and carbon oxide concentrations upon reusage.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sicheng Zhou, Shouhang Tang, Ge Li, Shanzhi Xin, Fang Huang, Xiaoye Liu, Tie Mi, Kai Huang, Lixi Zeng
Summary: Catalytic pyrolysis of licorice residue using ZSM-5 catalyst was conducted, and it was found that ZSM-5 can effectively convert oxygenates into aromatic hydrocarbons. The study also revealed that temperature and acidity of zeolite have a significant impact on the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, coke formation on the zeolite during catalytic pyrolysis leads to catalyst deactivation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ishaka Muhammad, George Manos
Summary: Pre-degradation treatment improved the performance of catalytic pyrolysis by lowering degradation temperature, increasing liquid yield, and reducing coke yield. The effects of pre-degradation treatment varied depending on the catalyst structure and acidity. ZSM-5 catalyst showed different hydrocarbon yields with high and low Si/Al ratio.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Israel Pala-Rosas, Jose L. Contreras, Jose Salmones, Beatriz Zeifert, Ricardo Lopez-Medina, Juan Navarrete-Bolanos, Sofia Hernandez-Ramirez, Jennipher Perez-Cabrera, Andres A. Fragoso-Montes de Oca
Summary: The study found that increasing the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of HY zeolites decreases the total amount of acid sites per unit area, leading to a reduced initial glycerol conversion; however, the initial acrolein selectivity increases with the higher Brønsted/Lewis acid sites ratio. The catalyst lifetime depends on pore structure, with larger surface areas improving deactivation rate constants.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sabah Mariyam, Shifa Zuhara, Prakash Parthasarathy, Gordon McKay
Summary: Py-GC/MS is a quick and highly effective method to analyse volatiles from small amounts of feeds, combining pyrolysis with GC and MS. This review focuses on using zeolites and other catalysts in the fast co-pyrolysis of various feedstocks to improve specific volatile product yields. Zeolite catalysts, especially HZSM-5, result in a synergistic reduction of oxygen and an increase in hydrocarbon content. The review also discusses the use of metal catalysts, self-catalytic feedstocks, and the combination of catalysts to improve aromatic yield during co-pyrolysis.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mpho Thabang Rapoo, Saranpreet Singh, Katie Chong, Scott Banks, Paula H. Blanco Sanchez
Summary: Through thermal and catalytic fast pyrolysis experiments, it was found that Prosopis juliflora can be processed as a mixture to achieve high yields of aromatics, eliminating the need for pre-separation. The use of zeolite-based catalysts improved product distribution and reduced the proportion of oxygenates.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Teguh Kurniawan, Achmad Setiawan, Nurika Andana Putri, Anton Irawan, Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto, Yazid Bindar
Summary: Soap pyrolysis is an interesting route for green jet fuel production. By using zeolites as catalysts, the quality of bio-oil can be improved and coke formation can be reduced.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xu Lu, Chenhao Wei, Liang Zhao, Jinsen Gao, Chunming Xu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of acidity and textural properties on coke formation during the n-butene cracking process. HY zeolite-type catalysts were prepared and analyzed using NH3-TPD and Py-IR-TPD techniques. The results showed that as the concentration of ammonium hexafluorosilicate treatment (AHFS) increased, the acid density decreased, the ratio of Bronsted acid to Lewis acid initially increased and then decreased. The rate of coke formation on zeolites was found to be influenced by acid density and strength.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Leiting Kuai, Mengke Wang, Xuan Meng, Li Shi, Naiwang Liu
Summary: The study prepared WO3/HY zeolite catalysts on HY zeolite by liquid phase deposition method, increasing acid density and optimizing surface acidity distribution to enhance catalytic activity, achieving efficient alkylation reactions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ayla Ahmadi, Mortaza Gholizadeh, Mehrab Fallahi-Samberan, Leila Amirkhani
Summary: Thermal pyrolysis of different types of wastes was studied to investigate the effect of feedstock on product properties. The co-pyrolysis of single feedstocks was also examined using zeolite (A4) as the catalyst. The results showed that the type of feedstock significantly influenced the quantity and quality of the products. The study also observed the cross-interaction of volatiles and non-volatiles during the co-pyrolysis process, as well as the different effects of zeolite (A4) on the pyrolysis process depending on the feedstock type.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yongqi Liu, Qiuxiang Yao, Ming Sun, Xiaoxun Ma
Summary: The study demonstrates that catalytic fast pyrolysis using ZSM-5, HY and USY catalysts can enhance the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis products of CTA, promoting the decomposition of organic oxygen compounds and generating light aromatic hydrocarbons. The best results were achieved with a CTA-to-catalyst mass ratio of 1:1.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ishaka Muhammad, George Manos
Summary: Pre-degradation treatment improved the performance of catalytic pyrolysis by lowering degradation temperature, increasing liquid yield, and reducing coke yield. The effects of pre-degradation treatment varied depending on the catalyst structure and acidity. ZSM-5 catalyst showed different hydrocarbon yields with high and low Si/Al ratio.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sanaa Hafeez, Felipe Sanchez, Sultan M. Al-Salem, Alberto Villa, George Manos, Nikolaos Dimitratos, Achilleas Constantinou
Summary: The study found that under mild conditions of 30 degrees Celsius, the decomposition of formic acid for hydrogen production using a Pd/C catalyst and fixed bed microreactor can be achieved effectively. It was also observed that after multiple reactivation processes, the catalyst could maintain its activity.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sanaa Hafeez, Eleana Harkou, Sultan M. Al-Salem, Maria A. Goula, Nikolaos Dimitratos, Nikolaos D. Charisiou, Alberto Villa, Atul Bansode, Gary Leeke, George Manos, Achilleas Constantinou
Summary: This review focuses on the unique solution of using hydrogen derived from renewable power to convert carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals. Various products formed through CO2 hydrogenation reaction, conventional reactor units, and microreactors with different catalyst pathways are described. The limitations and future directions of CO2 hydrogenation are discussed.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anastasios Tsiotsias, Nikolaos D. Charisiou, Eleana Harkou, Sanaa Hafeez, George Manos, Achilleas Constantinou, Aseel G. S. Hussien, Aasif A. Dabbawala, Victor Sebastian, Steven J. Hinder, Mark A. Baker, Kyriaki Polychronopoulou, Maria A. Goula
Summary: Ni-based catalysts supported on sol-gel prepared Pr-doped CeO2 with varied porosity and nanostructure were tested for CO2 methanation reaction. The use of ethylene glycol in the synthesis led to a metal oxide support with larger pore size and volume, conducive to the deposition of medium-sized Ni nanoparticles confined into the nanoporous structure. The high Ni dispersion and availability of surface defects and basic sites greatly improved the catalyst's activity. CFD simulations and process simulation showed good validation with experimental results, confirming their ability in predicting CO2 methanation behavior.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
S. M. Al-Salem, M. Van Haute, H. J. Karam, A. Hakeem, W. Meuldermans, J. Patel, S. Hafeez, G. Manos, A. Constantinou
Summary: In this study, pyrolysis experiments were conducted on virgin linear low-density polyethylene, yielding high amounts of pyrolysis oil and gaseous products at high temperatures. The calorific value of the oil obtained was within the acceptable range. However, further desulfurization is required for the oil to meet clean fuel specifications.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Panayiota Adamou, Silvio Bellomi, Sanaa Hafeez, Eleana Harkou, S. M. Al-Salem, Alberto Villa, Nikolaos Dimitratos, George Manos, Achilleas Constantinou
Summary: This article introduces the demand for COx-free hydrogen generation as an alternative and efficient energy carrier, as well as the method of producing hydrogen through the catalytic decomposition of ammonia and hydrous hydrazine. It also discusses the impact and performance evaluation of different reactors on ammonia decomposition.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ishaka Muhammad, George Manos
Summary: Catalytic and noncatalytic copyrolysis of plastic and heavy oil was studied using thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis reactor experiments, and GC analysis of the formed liquid. The presence of plastic in the copyrolysis increased the liquid yield and shifted the product distribution towards lighter fractions. Predegradation as a pretreatment method reduced the decomposition temperature, severity of catalyst deactivation, and increased synergistic effects during the thermal copyrolysis of plastic and heavy oil.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
S. Hafeez, E. Harkou, A. Spanou, S. M. Al-Salem, A. Villa, N. Dimitratos, G. Manos, A. Constantinou
Summary: This paper reviews the recent progress in hydrogen production from various technologies and presents the advantages of formic acid as a hydrogen supply source and the catalysts and reactors for formic acid reaction.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ishaka Muhammad, Nura Makwashi, Tariq Galadanchi Ahmed, George Manos, Donglin Zhao
Summary: A mechanistic model for catalyst deactivation by coke formation in a CSTR was developed, treating it as a surface reaction and proposing four different mechanisms for coke formation. The system of ODEs was solved numerically using MATLAB and validated with the isomerization reaction over ferrierite. The simulation results showed that coke formation is rapid, with fast formation on strong acid sites leading to final coke, and slower deposition at higher residence times resulting in more stable product formation and weaker deactivation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sanaa Hafeez, Maarten Van Haute, George Manos, Hajar Jawad Karam, Achilleas Constantinou, Sultan Majed Al-Salem
Summary: Upgrading fuels is necessary to meet environmental specifications. This study investigates the effect of hydrotreatment on the products of plastic pyrolysis, specifically the oil and wax. It is found that hydrotreatment can improve the quality of fuel by saturating olefinic compounds in wax and reducing naphthalene and paraffins in oil.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eleana Harkou, Sanaa Hafeez, Panayiota Adamou, Zhien Zhang, Anastasios I. Tsiotsias, Nikolaos D. Charisiou, Maria A. Goula, S. M. Al-Salem, George Manos, Achilleas Constantinou
Summary: Greenhouse gas emissions are a major concern for scientists in mitigating global warming. The study focused on investigating different reactors and catalysts for CO2 methanation. 2D models were developed using CFD modelling methods, with good agreement between experimental and simulated results in a packed bed reactor. The coated wall reactor performed worse than the packed bed reactor, with approximately 30% difference in results due to lower residence time. Two membrane reactor configurations were proposed, and lower flow rates in the coated wall reactor resulted in higher conversion values. The optimal bed thickness was found to be 1 mm, and reducing the thickness of the membrane for CO2, H2, and H2O removal showed better conversion results.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eleana Harkou, Panayiota Adamou, Kyproula Georgiou, Sanaa Hafeez, Sultan M. M. Al-Salem, Alberto Villa, George Manos, Nikolaos Dimitratos, Achilleas Constantinou
Summary: Sustainable alternatives to conventional fuels, specifically hydrogen-based economy, have shown great promise due to the zero-emission properties of hydrogen. This study investigated the use of formic acid decomposition for hydrogen generation using a commercial Pd/C catalyst. Different microreactor configurations were studied, with the double membrane configuration demonstrating superior performance. By selectively removing carbon monoxide using membranes, the efficiency of the microreactor was improved, achieving conversions higher than 80%.
Article
Acoustics
Panayiota Adamou, Eleana Harkou, Sanaa Hafeez, George Manos, Alberto Villa, S. M. Al-Salem, Achilleas Constantinou, Nikolaos Dimitratos
Summary: Sonochemical-assisted synthesis plays a crucial role in the design of photocatalysts, allowing shape and size modification of nanomaterials through ultrasound application. This review focuses on the influence of ultrasound on formation mechanism and the common photocatalysts prepared via sonochemical techniques. It also discusses the challenges in reactor design for material synthesis and photocatalytic evaluation.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ye Shui Zhang, Hua Lun Zhu, Dingding Yao, Paul T. Williams, Chunfei Wu, Dan Xu, Qiang Hu, George Manos, Lu Yu, Ming Zhao, Paul R. Shearing, Dan J. L. Brett
Summary: Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes is a promising technology compared to traditional waste treatment options, and producing CNTs from waste materials can solve waste management issues and reduce production costs. The review focuses on four common waste carbonaceous materials with potential for CNT production. Additionally, discussions on catalyst development, research studies on CNT and hydrogen production, and applications of CNTs have been highlighted in the review.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Guanshuai Zhang, Shanjian Liu, Dongmei Bi, Zhisen He, Jia Liu, Yinjiao Liu
Summary: Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment was applied for fast pyrolysis of corn stalks, and it was found that the pretreatment effectively promoted lignin depolymerization and decreased the reaction activation energy. The pretreatment also increased the cellulose content and removed alkali and alkaline earth metals from the biomass. The pH of the hydrogen peroxide solution affected the removal of lignin and ash by the pretreatment, and the composition of bio-oil changed significantly, with a significant increase in the relative content of levoglucosan after pretreatment.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2024)