Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Molly Moroz, Illiam S. C. Jackson, Daniel Ramirez, Melissa E. Kemp
Summary: The study used bat fossil records to investigate changes in body size and mandible shape of two bat species over the past 25,000 years, revealing that specimens from drier environments were larger and showing significant dental shape variation in response to climate change.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Neil Brocklehurst, Daniel J. Field
Summary: The study found that the pattern of tooth loss in avialans during the Mesozoic era was not driven by an overarching selective trend, but rather by modularity among jaw regions, indicating a substantially later transition to complete crown bird edentulism than previously hypothesized.
Article
Horticulture
Ryan C. Traband, Xuesong Wang, Jill Lui, Lei Yu, Yoko Hiraoka, Ira A. Herniter, Christian Bowman, Mariano Resendiz, Zixian Wang, Sara P. Knowles, Sassoum Lo, Daniel H. Chitwood, Louis Santiago, Tracy Kahn, Danelle Seymour, Mikeal L. Roose, John M. Chater, Zhenyu Jia
Summary: This study used the Fourier-based method to analyze the morphology of over 4000 leaves from more than 190 citrus accessions. The findings showed significant variations in leaf morphology among different citrus species groups and hybrid varieties. The study also found correlations between leaf area, aspect ratio, and temperature/rainfall, suggesting the adaptive evolution of citrus leaves. Additionally, this study contributes to our understanding of the origins and migrations of citrus species.
Article
Geology
Luis A. Buatois, M. Gabriela Mangano, Bhawanisingh Desai, Noelia B. Carmona, Fiona Burns, Dean Meek, Bruce Eglington
Summary: This study compiles ichnological data from Middle Triassic to Late Jurassic shallow-marine siliciclastic units and finds that there was a significant increase in the utilization of infaunal ecospace during the Early Jurassic, followed by a plateau during the rest of the Jurassic. The study also reveals that the infaunal ecospace is partitioned into different tiers and multiple organisms were able to exploit the same resources. The increase in the number of ichnoguilds per community and per tier suggests that niche partitioning played a key role in the efficient use of infaunal ecospace and in driving alpha diversity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza, Philip D. Mannion, Alex Farnsworth, Matthew T. Carrano, Sara Varela
Summary: The study shows that sauropods, compared to other dinosaurs, occupied climatic niches characterized by high temperatures and strongly bounded by minimum cold temperatures. This constrained their distribution and dispersal pathways to tropical areas, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. The greater availability of suitable habitat in southern continents, particularly in the Late Cretaceous, may explain the high diversity of sauropods there.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David J. Peterman, Kathleen A. Ritterbush, Charles N. Ciampaglio, Erynn H. Johnson, Shinya Inoue, Tomoyuki Mikami, Thomas J. Linn
Summary: The study shows that the relationship between septal complexity of ammonoids and liquid retention capacity through surface tension provides a simple yet powerful functional explanation for buoyancy manipulation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Suresh A. Singh, Armin Elsler, Thomas L. Stubbs, Russell Bond, Emily J. Rayfield, Michael J. Benton
Summary: The Triassic and Early Jurassic herbivores are classified into five main guilds, generally avoiding competition by occupying different feeding groups. Major ecosystem remodelling was triggered by external environmental challenges, leading to the marginalisation of previously dominant herbivores by emerging forms. Dinosaur dominance was a mix of opportunity following disaster and competitive advantage in their new world.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Case Vincent Miller, Michael Pittman, Xiaoli Wang, Xiaoting Zheng, Jen A. Bright
Summary: This study investigates the diet of extinct birds by using four different proxies to determine their feeding habits. By studying the characteristics of extant birds and applying them to the longipterygid birds, the researchers were able to reveal the diet types and behaviors of these extinct birds.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abigail K. Parker, Johannes Mueller, Jean-Renaud Boisserie, Jason J. Head
Summary: Understanding the relationship between functional traits and the environment is crucial for assessing ecosystem health and predicting biotic responses to future environmental changes. Taxon-free analyses of functional traits allow for evaluating the performance of these traits using both the fossil record and paleoenvironmental proxies. In this study, turtles were used as a model system to investigate the role of body size as a functional trait with respect to climate. The results suggest that metabolism is not the primary driver of size for most turtle species, and body size as an ecometric has better predictive power at continental scales.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Giada Giacomini, Anthony Herrel, Gloriana Chaverri, Richard P. Brown, Danilo Russo, Dino Scaravelli, Carlo Meloro
Summary: The study found that skull morphology of bats is influenced by diet and sound emission types, with skull shape correlating with echolocation parameters only in a subset of insectivorous bat species. The study questions the trade-off between feeding and echolocation function, suggesting that evolutionary constraints may differ between different groups within Chiroptera.
INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Stephan Lautenschlager, Michael J. Fagan, Zhe-Xi Luo, Charlotte M. Bird, Pamela Gill, Emily J. Rayfield
Summary: Skeletal simplification occurred in multiple vertebrate clades, including the evolution from premammalian cynodonts to mammals. However, digital reconstruction and biomechanical modeling demonstrate that there is no evidence for an increase in cranial strength and biomechanical performance during this transition.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melanie A. D. During, Jan Smit, Dennis F. A. E. Voeten, Camille Berruyer, Paul Tafforeau, Sophie Sanchez, Koen H. W. Stein, Suzan J. A. Verdegaal-Warmerdam, Jeroen H. J. L. van der Lubbe
Summary: This study examines the timing of the asteroid impact that caused the Cretaceous-Palaeogene mass extinction and reveals that it occurred during spring. Analysis of fish fossils indicates that the timing of the impact played a significant role in the survival and reproduction of organisms.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rhys Taylor Lemoine, Robert Buitenwerf, Jens-Christian Svenning
Summary: In the past 120,000 years, the Earth has experienced a significant loss of large mammal species due to climate change and human hunting activities, with the latter being the dominant factor. This extinction has had a profound impact on global vegetation structure, plant dispersal, nutrient cycling, and co-dependent biota.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yonggang Wu, Jihua Zhang, Bingwei Long, Hong Zhang
Summary: Zinc tungstate (ZnW04) shows multiple surface terminations under certain thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, with the W2O4 - Zn8W6O36 termination exhibiting stronger light absorption and delocalized surface states within the band gap.
Article
Zoology
Myriam Boivin, Alicia Alvarez, Marcos D. Ercoli
Summary: Caviid rodents have specialized craniomandibular adaptations for mastication and grinding, with a strong covariation between cheek teeth. Unlike other mammals, each series of caviine cheek teeth functions as a single unit during grinding, and dietary changes may drive morphological differences between tooth pieces.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2022)