期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
卷 14, 期 -, 页码 441-455出版社
DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S188439
关键词
TiO2 nanotubes; axitinib; stent implant; endothelial cells; conditioned medium
资金
- National High-tech Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China [2014AA020539]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81770388, 81860079, 81660070]
- Outstanding Young Talent Program of Jiangxi Province [20162BCB23059]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province [20151BAB205007, 20161BBI90015, 20171ACB21061]
- Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education [150274]
Background: Macrophages play important roles in the immune response to, and successful implantation of, biomaterials. Titanium nanotubes are considered promising heart valve stent materials owing to their effects on modulation of macrophage behavior. However, the effects of nanotube-regulated macrophages on endothelial cells, which are essential for stent endothe-lialization, are unknown. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the inflammatory responses of endothelial cells to titanium nanotubes prepared at different voltages. Methods and results: In this study we used three different voltages (20, 40, and 60 V) to produce titania nanotubes with three different diameters by anodic oxidation. The state of macrophages on the samples was assessed, and the supernatants were collected as conditioned media (CM) to stimulate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), with pure titanium as a control group. The results indicated that titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes induced macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 state and increased the expression of arginase-1, mannose receptor, and interleukin 10. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that M2 macrophage polarization controlled by the TiO2 nanotube surface activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways through release of vascular endothelial growth factor to influence endothelialization. Conclusion: Our findings expanded our understanding of the complex influence of nanotubes in implants and the macrophage inflammatory response. Furthermore, CM generated from culture on the TiO2 nanotube surface may represent an integrated research model for studying the interactions of two different cell types and may be a promising approach for accelerating stent endothelialization through immunoregulation.
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