Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Badrinathan Sridharan, Hae Gyun Lim
Summary: Biomaterials and their formulations have been successful in diagnostic and therapeutic applications, but there are limitations in terms of yield and target specificity. Some nano/microformulations can respond to physical or chemical alterations. This review discusses the applications of exosomes and ultrasound in disease diagnosis and therapy, as well as the potential of ultrasound to enhance the properties of exosomes for future theranostics.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arezoo Mohammadipoor, Megan R. Hershfield, Hans R. Linsenbardt, James Smith, James Mack, Shanmugasundaram Natesan, Dayna L. Averitt, Thomas R. Stark, Natasha M. Sosanya
Summary: The theranostic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is being extensively investigated. While there is considerable information on the role of EVs and the secretome in disease, there is still limited understanding of their physiological and pathological roles. The main challenge lies in establishing standardized isolation, storage, and sample preparation protocols. There is growing interest in using circulating EV cargo as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, but limitations need to be addressed for successful therapeutics use. This review emphasizes the potential of EVs as theranostics and highlights the need for further investigation.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Weidong Nie, Guanghao Wu, Haizheng Zhong, Hai-Yan Xie
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell secretory components with long circulation, good biocompatibility, and ability to cross physiologic barriers. Engineering modification is needed to enhance their stability, biological activity, and lesion-targeting capacity. Future clinical applications of EVs face challenges of limited accumulation at lesion sites and compromised therapy efficiency.
BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Thong Teck Tan, Wei Seong Toh, Ruenn Chai Lai, Sai Kiang Lim
Summary: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-secreted small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have shown significant therapeutic efficacy in treating diseases, offering a safer and less complex alternative to living MSCs. However, realizing their full therapeutic potential will require strict scientific rigor and regulatory compliance.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Chen Jia, Yi-Xuan Ding, Wen-Tong Mei, Yu-Ting Wang, Zhi Zheng, Yuan-Xu Qu, Kuo Liang, Jia Li, Feng Cao, Fei Li
Summary: Comprehensive reviews and large population-based cohort studies have significantly reduced the incidence and mortality of pancreatitis. The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, in pancreatitis has shown potential for identifying cell-to-cell communication and influencing the disease's development and progression. Plasma exosomes of acute pancreatitis can reach the alveolar cavity and activate alveolar macrophages to cause acute lung injury, suggesting their use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for this disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Monteiro-Reis, Carina Carvalho-Maia, Genevieve Bart, Seppo J. Vainio, Juliana Pedro, Eunice R. Silva, Goreti Sales, Rui Henrique, Carmen Jeronimo
Summary: EVs, as heterogeneous cell-derived membranous granules, play a crucial role in CNS-related disorders and have been studied for their molecular components in disease progression and therapeutic applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco, Daniela Fignani, Caterina Formichi, Laura Nigi, Giada Licata, Carla Maccora, Noemi Brusco, Guido Sebastiani, Francesco Dotta
Summary: EVs are generated by cells through complex molecular mechanisms and contain molecular cargo such as ncRNA, mRNA, and proteins that modulate biological processes and are altered in diseases including autoimmune diseases. EVs have a promising role as biomarkers in disease progression, with studies showing specific cargo alterations in autoimmune diseases like T1D.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Akhil Srivastava, Shipra Rathore, Anupama Munshi, Rajagopal Ramesh
Summary: Exosomes, as a natural form of cell communication, have potential applications as drug delivery vehicles and in cancer treatment. However, challenges such as sourcing and scaling up production need to be addressed for broader use.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Yadaly Gassama, Alexandre Favereaux
Summary: Extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication, especially in the central nervous system, and may serve as important biomarkers and therapeutic agents in clinical research in the future.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Christopher Millan, Lukas Prause, Queralt Vallmajo-Martin, Natalie Hensky, Daniel Eberli
Summary: Engineered microtissues have a significant impact on extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by benign and malignant prostate cells, with a higher yield of EVs per cell in 3D cultures compared to 2D. Whole transcriptome sequencing and proteomics analysis reveal stark contrasts in molecular cargo between 2D-EVs and 3D-EVs, with exclusive enrichment of known drivers of prostate cancer progression in 3D-EVs. Functional assays demonstrate that only 3D-EVs confer increased invasiveness and chemoresistance to cells in 2D, highlighting the potential of engineered 3D microtissue cultures for identifying biomarkers not detectable in standard 2D conditions.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Letao Yang, Kapil D. Patel, Christopher Rathnam, Ramar Thangam, Yannan Hou, Heemin Kang, Ki-Bum Lee
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (e.g., exosomes) carrying various biomolecules have great potential in biomedical applications, but their heterogeneity and inefficient uptake by recipient cells are critical barriers. Multifunctional nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanomaterials, can play crucial roles in addressing these issues and enhancing the applications of extracellular vesicles.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Susmita Sahoo, Marta Adamiak, Prabhu Mathiyalagan, Franziska Kenneweg, Sabine Kafert-Kasting, Thomas Thum
Summary: Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles actively secreted by cells. Research on the potential and challenges of exosomes in biological signaling in myocardial function highlights their significance in cardiac physiology and pathology, emphasizing the need for scientific innovations in isolation and characterization methodologies.
Article
Oncology
Ilaria Casari, Justin Andrew Howard, Eunice Eugenia Robless, Marco Falasca
Summary: Pancreatic cancer, as one of the most lethal types of cancer, is difficult to diagnose and treat in time. The appearance of metastasis is dreaded by every cancer patient.
Review
Biology
Maria Chiara Ciferri, Rodolfo Quarto, Roberta Tasso
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles released by all cell types, playing a crucial role in intercellular communication and serving as biomarkers for various diseases. EVs isolated from stem/progenitor cells exhibit innate immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties, making them potential vehicles for drug delivery.
Article
Oncology
Tamkin Ahmadzada, Abhishek Vijayan, Fatemeh Vafaee, Ali Azimi, Glen Reid, Stephen Clarke, Steven Kao, Georges E. Grau, Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
Summary: In this study, we characterized different populations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from pleural mesothelioma cell lines and identified unique cancer-specific proteomes and oncogenic cargo in each subtype. We also established a comprehensive proteomic database of cancer-associated proteins in EVs, which could serve as new targets for future biomarker studies in pleural mesothelioma.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leila Noori, Kamila Filip, Zohreh Nazmara, Simin Mahakizadeh, Gholamreza Hassanzadeh, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto, Fabio Bucchieri, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Francesco Cappello, Maciej Wnuk, Federica Scalia
Summary: Many neurodegenerative disorders are caused by the abnormal aggregation of misfolded proteins, which can self-replicate, transmit between cells, and induce the same protein in nearby cells. The distribution and toxicity of these accumulated proteins are involved in the progression of nervous system degeneration. Molecular chaperones help maintain protein stability and eliminate misfolded proteins, but their efficiency declines with age, leading to the development of neurological disorders. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in cellular communication and can transport disease-causing entities, contributing to the spread of damage in neurodegeneration. However, EVs also show potential in delivering therapeutic factors to the nervous system and can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review discusses the inefficiency of chaperone systems and the role of EVs in neurodegeneration, their potential as diagnostic biomarkers, and a promising EV-based therapeutic approach.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica Scalia, Giosue Lo Bosco, Letizia Paladino, Alessandra Maria Vitale, Leila Noori, Everly Conway de Macario, Alberto J. L. Macario, Fabio Bucchieri, Francesco Cappello, Fabrizio Lo Celso
Summary: Mutations in genes encoding molecular chaperones, such as the CCT genes, have been linked to rare neurodegenerative disorders. This study investigated the impact of two specific mutations in the CCT5 gene on conformational changes and physicochemical properties. The findings suggest that these mutations alter the protein-binding capacity of the CCT5 variants, potentially affecting both hetero- and/or homo-oligomeric complexes. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the distinct phenotypes caused by these mutations, and to explore the prevalence of CCT chaperonopathies in patients with neuropathies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosaria Maria Pipitone, Rossella Zito, Giulia Lupo, Ayesha Javed, Claudia La Mantia, Gabriele Di Maria, Giovanni Pratelli, Francesca Di Salvo, Simona Fontana, Marzia Pucci, Daniela Carlisi, Stefania Grimaudo
Summary: The combination of curcumin and andrographolide can reduce triglyceride accumulation and oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and downregulate genes involved in lipid accumulation. This study suggests that curcumin and andrographolide could be used as a therapeutic approach for treating NAFLD.
Review
Biology
Giorgia Intili, Letizia Paladino, Francesca Rappa, Giusi Alberti, Alice Plicato, Federica Calabro, Alberto Fucarino, Francesco Cappello, Fabio Bucchieri, Giovanni Tomasello, Francesco Carini, Alessandro Pitruzzella
Summary: This paper analyzes the correlations between gut microbiota (GM) and various neurodegenerative processes, focusing on the effects of GM dysbiosis on the human nervous system. Alterations in the communication between the microbiota and nervous cell populations can lead to pathological conditions. The review describes the connection between intestinal microbiome alterations (dysbiosis) and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, exploring mechanisms such as the gut-brain axis, mitochondrial pathways, adaptive humoral immunity, and microvesicular pathways. These pathways represent potential therapeutic targets against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pavel Burko, Giuseppa D'Amico, Ilia Miltykh, Federica Scalia, Everly Conway de Macario, Alberto J. L. Macario, Giuseppe Giglia, Francesco Cappello, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
Summary: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and treatment-resistant primary brain tumor with high anaplasia and proliferation. Factors contributing to radioresistance include stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, chaperone system, non-coding RNAs, DNA repair, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs show promise as diagnostic tools and nanodevices for targeted delivery of anticancer agents. Personalized medicine may involve isolating EVs from a GBM patient, modifying them to have anticancer properties, and reinjecting them.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adriana Celesia, Marzia Franzo, Diana Di Liberto, Marianna Lauricella, Daniela Carlisi, Antonella D'Anneo, Antonietta Notaro, Mario Allegra, Michela Giuliano, Sonia Emanuele
Summary: We previously showed that the HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 targets oncogenic BRAF in melanoma cells. In this study, we found that oncogenic BRAF localizes to the nucleus of these cells and ITF2357 reduces both nuclear and cytosolic BRAF levels. We also observed an interaction between BRAF and oncogenic p53, and ITF2357 decreased levels of both proteins in certain melanoma cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Celeste Caruso Bavisotto, Alessia Provenzano, Rosa Passantino, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Francesco Cappello, Pier Luigi San Biagio, Donatella Bulone
Summary: Similar to GroEL, Hsp60 is a folding machine that can stabilize aggregation-prone molecules by a holding-like mechanism. This study investigated the relationship between the oligomeric conformation of Hsp60 and its ability to inhibit fibrillization of Ab40 peptide.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Giuseppa D'Amico, Radha Santonocito, Alessandra Maria Vitale, Federica Scalia, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Claudia Campanella, Fabio Bucchieri, Francesco Cappello, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
Summary: Air pollution has become a growing problem, negatively impacting society and causing various health-related issues. Despite knowing the types and levels of pollutants, the molecular mechanisms by which they affect the human body are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs carried by extracellular vesicles may play a crucial role in regulating gene expression in response to pollution-induced multiorgan disorders. This review highlights the involvement of extracellular vesicle-transported non-coding RNAs in physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases caused by environmental stressors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonietta Notaro, Marianna Lauricella, Diana Di Liberto, Sonia Emanuele, Michela Giuliano, Alessandro Attanzio, Luisa Tesoriere, Daniela Carlisi, Mario Allegra, Anna De Blasio, Giuseppe Calvaruso, Antonella D'Anneo
Summary: Methyl gallate (MG), a gallotannin found in plants, showed potential as an anti-tumor phytomolecule for colon cancer treatment. It reduced the viability of HCT116 colon cancer cells but had no effect on differentiated Caco-2 cells. MG induced early ROS generation and ER stress, leading to autophagy and apoptotic cell death. The increase in p53 played a crucial role in the mechanism, which was tightly linked to oxidative injury.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giovanni Pratelli, Daniela Carlisi, Diana Di Liberto, Antonietta Notaro, Michela Giuliano, Antonella D'Anneo, Marianna Lauricella, Sonia Emanuele, Giuseppe Calvaruso, Anna De Blasio
Summary: TNBC is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by resistance to anoikis, high invasiveness, and metastatic potential, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness features. Inhibition of MCL1 using A-1210477 BH3-mimetic promotes anoikis/apoptosis, impairs focal adhesions, reduces migration and invasiveness, and downregulates EMT and stemness markers in MDA-MB-231 cell line.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giovanni Pratelli, Bartolo Tamburini, Daniela Carlisi, Anna De Blasio, Antonella D'Anneo, Sonia Emanuele, Antonietta Notaro, Federica Affranchi, Michela Giuliano, Aurelio Seidita, Marianna Lauricella, Diana Di Liberto
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract (GT) and is caused by genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. Dysbiosis, characterized by a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pathogenic species, is closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Dietary polyphenols, as natural antioxidants, can maintain redox equilibrium in the GT and prevent gut damage and inflammatory responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Barbara Verro, Carmelo Saraniti, Daniela Carlisi, Carlos Chiesa-Estomba, Antonino Maniaci, Jerome R. Lechien, Miguel Mayo, Nicolas Fakhry, Marianna Lauricella
Summary: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a prevalent cancer with a poor prognosis in advanced stages. The role of biomarkers in laryngeal cancer, including heat shock proteins, metallothioneins, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, micro ribonucleic acids, heme oxygenase, and cyclooxygenase-2, is still little-known and little-studied. Further research on biomarker expression and their correlation with patients' data may lead to improved awareness, knowledge, and prognosis of Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Agata Grazia D'Amico, Celeste Caruso Bavisotto, Assunta Virtuoso