Review
Oncology
Liang Rong, Ni Li, Zhenzhen Zhang
Summary: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common brain tumor with poor prognosis. Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade, CAR T cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and vaccine therapy, has shown promising results in improving GBM outcomes. Techniques to overcome the blood-brain barrier for targeted delivery are also being tested. This article reviews the rationales for these therapies, potential novel agents, current status of trials, and discusses challenges and future perspectives in glioblastoma immuno-oncology.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Masahiro Tsuboi, Roy S. Herbst, Thomas John, Terufumi Kato, Margarita Majem, Christian Grohe, Jie Wang, Jonathan W. Goldman, Shun Lu, Wu-Chou Su, Filippo de Marinis, Frances A. Shepherd, Ki Hyeong Lee, Nhieu Thi Le, Arunee Dechaphunkul, Dariusz Kowalski, Lynne Poole, Ana Bolanos, Yuri Rukazenkov, Yi-Long Wu
Summary: Among patients with resected, EGFR-mutated, stage IB to IIIA NSCLC, adjuvant osimertinib therapy resulted in significantly longer overall survival compared to placebo in the ADAURA trial. These findings demonstrate that adjuvant osimertinib provides a survival benefit for patients with completely resected, EGFR-mutated, stage IB to IIIA NSCLC.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Alex Friedlaender, Petros Tsantoulis, Mathieu Chevallier, Claudio De Vito, Alfredo Addeo
Summary: EGFR mutations are the most common currently targetable oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer, with third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors offering previously unseen survival rates. The allelic frequency of mutations is influenced by various factors, including tumor cell proportion, copy number alterations, and the proportion of tumor cells carrying the mutation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
D. Planchard, P. A. Janne, Y. Cheng, J. C. -H. Yang, N. Yanagitani, S-W Kim, S. Sugawara, Y. Yu, Y. Fan, S. L. Geater, K. Laktionov, C. K. Lee, N. Valdiviezo, S. Ahmed, J-M Maurel, I Andrasina, J. Goldman, D. Ghiorghiu, Y. Rukazenkov, A. Todd, K. Kobayashi
Summary: The study indicates that first-line treatment with osimertinib-chemotherapy significantly prolongs progression-free survival compared to osimertinib monotherapy in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Nikolaus Magios, Farastuk Bozorgmehr, Anna-Lena Volckmar, Daniel Kazdal, Martina Kirchner, Felix J. Herth, Claus-Peter Heussel, Florian Eichhorn, Michael Meister, Thomas Muley, Rami A. Elshafie, Jurgen R. Fischer, Martin Faehling, Mark Kriegsmann, Peter Schirmacher, Helge Bischoff, Albrecht Stenzinger, Michael Thomas, Petros Christopoulos
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed EGFR(+) non-small-cell lung cancer patients who received osimertinib after first/second-generation TKI therapy, showing that osimertinib may prolong survival, but approximately 15% and 30% of patients forego molecular retesting and subsequent treatment, respectively, mainly due to rapid disease deterioration.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Naval G. Daver, Abhishek Maiti, Tapan M. Kadia, Paresh Vyas, Ravindra Majeti, Andrew H. Wei, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Charles Craddock, David A. Sallman, Hagop M. Kantarjian
Summary: TP53-mutated MDS and AML are a distinct group of myeloid disorders with poor outcomes. Recent advances have identified novel pathogenic mechanisms and emerging therapies, including immunotherapeutic and nonimmune-based approaches, for the treatment of this entity.
Review
Oncology
Jay M. Lee, Ciaran J. Mcnamee, Eric Toloza, Marcelo V. Negrao, Jules Lin, Elaine Shum, Amy L. Cummings, Mark G. Kris, Boris Sepesi, Ilze Bara, Nino Kurtsikidze, Katja Schulze, Celina Ngiam, Jamie E. Chaft
Summary: For medically operable early-stage NSCLC patients, surgery combined with systemic therapy is the standard of care. However, metastatic recurrence is common, highlighting the need for more effective systemic therapies. Targeted therapy has been investigated for perioperative treatment in early-stage NSCLC patients, and initial data show promising results. However, establishing neoadjuvant targeted therapy as the standard of care in the early-stage setting still faces challenges.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Roberta Ranieri, Giulia Pianigiani, Sofia Sciabolacci, Vincenzo Maria Perriello, Andrea Marra, Valeria Cardinali, Sara Pierangeli, Francesca Milano, Ilaria Gionfriddo, Lorenzo Brunetti, Maria Paola Martelli, Brunangelo Falini
Summary: NPM1 mutations are the most common genetic alteration in AML, and NPM1-mutated AML is regarded as a distinct genetic entity. This study provides an overview of potential targeted therapies against NPM1-mutated AML, including strategies to interfere with oligomerization and abnormal traffic of NPM1, induce protein degradation, and target nucleolar structure integrity. Therapeutic results with BCL-2 inhibitor and menin inhibitors, as well as immunotherapeutic approaches, are also discussed.
Review
Oncology
Karam Khaddour, Sushma Jonna, Alexander Deneka, Jyoti D. Patel, Mohamed E. Abazeed, Erica Golemis, Hossein Borghaei, Yanis Boumber
Summary: EGFR mutations are common in lung cancer patients, and EGFR TKIs have become the standard of care with high response rates initially, but resistance remains a major challenge. Ongoing research aims to understand resistance mechanisms and evaluate novel agents and combination therapies to overcome this resistance. Recent breakthroughs highlight the use of EGFR TKIs in non-metastatic EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Manish Ora, Neetu Soni, Aftab Hasan Nazar, Manish Dixit, Rohit Singh, Savita Puri, Michael M. Graham, Sanjay Gambhir
Summary: Metastatic malignancies have limited management strategies and variable treatment responses. Cancer-associated fibroblasts play a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitor-based radionuclide therapies show promise in cancer diagnosis and treatment, but their success has been suboptimal in clinical trials. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical FAP-based radionuclide therapies and discusses their potential for future research and clinical decision-making.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Erin E. Congdon, Changyi Ji, Amber M. Tetlow, Yixiang Jiang, Einar M. Sigurdsson
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in older individuals. Previous treatments targeting amyloid-beta have not been effective, leading to a shift towards targeting tau pathology. The majority of tau-targeting therapies in clinical trials are immunotherapies. However, the clinical efficacy of these therapies is still uncertain.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing-Wen Bai, Si-Qi Qiu, Guo-Jun Zhang
Summary: Targeted anticancer drugs interfere with specific signaling pathways to block cancer cell growth. However, the assessment of their efficacy using the RECIST system, based on tumor size changes, is sometimes inaccurate. Therefore, innovative molecular imaging techniques are gaining importance in evaluating targeted therapy.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Xingyuan Li, Huayan Huang, Yingjia Sun, Qing Jiang, Yongfeng Yu
Summary: This study found that NSCLC patients with positive EGFR mutations after EGFR-TKIs failure who received subsequent immunotherapy plus anti-angiogenesis and chemotherapy are likely to have more benefits in terms of objective response rate, disease control rate, and median progression-free survival.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dora Barbosa Rabago, Collin M. Blakely, Franziska Haderk, Trever G. Bivona
Summary: 3D cancer organoid cultures derived from patient specimens offer a promising model system to evaluate intratumor heterogeneity and treatment response to targeted inhibitors. This technology maintains the genetic complexity of original tumor specimens and may help inform rational combination treatments for overcoming resistance in the future, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Heng-Zhou Lai, Jie-Rong Han, Xi Fu, Yi-Feng Ren, Zhuo-Hong Li, Feng-Ming You
Summary: HER2-low breast cancer is a subtype that accounts for more than half of breast cancer patients. Currently, anti-HER2 therapy is ineffective for HER2-low BC, and palliative chemotherapy is the main treatment modality. However, a new antibody-drug conjugate called T-Dxd has shown promise in clinical trials, which may redefine the treatment for HER2-low BC. This review summarizes the detection technologies and novel agents for HER2-low BC, and explores their potential role in future clinics, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of this subtype of breast cancer.
