Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isabel A. Ely, Bethan E. Phillips, Kenneth Smith, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Mathew Piasecki, Leigh Breen, Mads S. Larsen, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: This review highlights the anabolic effects of leucine (LEU) supplementation in the context of aging, exercise, and unloading states. LEU has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and maximize muscle anabolism, especially when combined with resistance exercise. Low doses of LEU-enriched protein/essential amino acids (EAA) can achieve maximal MPS stimulation without the need for larger protein doses, making LEU supplementation a promising strategy for promoting muscle growth and net protein accretion.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaofan Jiang, Yuwei Zhang, Weichao Hu, Yuxiu Liang, Liang Zheng, Juan Zheng, Baozhen Wang, Xin Guo
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of leucine and exercise in adiposity, systemic insulin resistance, and inflammation to provide theoretical and guiding basis for early prevention and treatment of obesity. The results showed that exercise increased insulin sensitivity and decreased adiposity in LFD mice, while the combined intervention of exercise and leucine reduced inflammation and increased adiponectin expression in HFD mice. Different mechanisms were found in the effects of exercise and leucine on insulin resistance and inflammation in LFD-fed mice or HFD-fed mice.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Theocharis Ispoglou, Oliver C. Witard, Lauren C. Duckworth, Matthew J. Lees
Summary: The review evaluates the efficacy of EAA supplementation in increasing protein intake and improving muscle health in older adults. Optimizing protein intake in this population is complex and requires consideration of various factors such as dose, amino acid composition, age-related decline in appetite, and satiety effects of protein.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Timothy Pearson, Oskar Wendowski, Penny P. Powell
Summary: This study demonstrated that increasing SNAT2 expression in muscle cells can enhance amino acid transport and availability for protein synthesis, particularly under starvation conditions. Additionally, transfected cells showed a more significant response to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), indicating potential hormonal regulation of SNAT2 function. The findings suggest that enhancing SNAT2 expression could be a viable target in pathologies related to altered amino acid transport.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Myunghee Kim, Hyeyoon Eo, Josephine Gahyun Lim, Hyunjung Lim, Yunsook Lim
Summary: This meta-analysis found that dietary vitamin E supplementation can attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage, especially when the supplementation is less than 500 IU.
Article
Neurosciences
Ben Stocks, Stephen P. Ashcroft, Sophie Joanisse, Linda C. Dansereau, Yen Chin Koay, Yasir S. Elhassan, Gareth G. Lavery, Lake-Ee Quek, John F. O'Sullivan, Ashleigh M. Philp, Gareth A. Wallis, Andrew Philp
Summary: Acute supplementation of nicotinamide riboside (NR) does not affect substrate metabolism or NAD(+)-sensitive signaling pathways in human skeletal muscle during or after endurance exercise. Although NR supplementation does not increase skeletal muscle NAD(+) concentration, it does affect the concentration of NAD(+) metabolome, demonstrating skeletal muscle bioavailability of NR supplementation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yuxiao Liao, Dan Li, Xiaolei Zhou, Zhao Peng, Zitong Meng, Rui Liu, Wei Yang
Summary: High dose leucine supplementation can alter gut microbiota composition and increase pyruvate levels in feces, potentially providing a new direction for promoting muscle health in aging mice.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joseph A. Yonke, Kacie A. Seymour, Samer W. El-Kadi
Summary: Postnatal muscle growth is impaired in low birth weight neonatal pigs. Leucine supplementation does not improve lean tissue accretion of low and normal birth weight pigs, despite a reduction in Sestrin2 expression in skeletal muscle of low birth weight pigs.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hannah Khouri, John R. Ussher, Celine Aguer
Summary: This article reviews the relationship between ketone body metabolism and exercise, specifically in the skeletal muscle. It is known that increased exposure to ketone bodies in combination with exercise can modify skeletal muscle metabolism, but whether this effect is beneficial or detrimental remains unclear and requires further investigation.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Li Zhang, Ruhao Zhang, Lu Li
Summary: Long-term, high-intensity exercise can negatively affect multiple organs and functions in the body, but probiotic supplementation has shown promise in improving material and energy metabolism, immune response, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine function. This paper reviews the current research progress on the role of probiotics in these areas and their underlying mechanisms, highlighting the potential of probiotic supplementation in enhancing overall health and exercise performance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zhujing Hao, Guiwen Xu, Mengyang Yuan, Ruopeng Tan, Yunlong Xia, Yang Liu, Xiaomeng Yin
Summary: Leucine supplementation in middle-aged mice improves aging-induced vascular remodeling and dysfunction. However, the effectiveness of supplementation may be influenced by the timing and the reduction of leucine transporters.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. G. Rius, J. D. Kaufman, M. M. Li, M. D. Hanigan, I. R. Ipharraguerre
Summary: Increased ambient temperature leads to heat stress in mammals, affecting their physiological and molecular functions. In this study, the researchers found that a postbiotic from Aspergillus oryzae (AO) improved tolerance to heat stress in fruit flies and cattle, and partially ameliorated heat-induced gut dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Heat stress resulted in reduced nutrient-use efficiency and increased systemic inflammation, while the AO postbiotic improved energy-use efficiency, water absorption, and intestinal permeability in heat-stressed calves.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Joel T. Steyer, Damien J. Downes, Cameron C. Hunter, Pierre A. Migeon, Richard B. Todd
Summary: The study focuses on genes related to leucine biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans, identifying key enzyme-coding genes and investigating their contribution to BCAA biosynthesis. The research reveals that gene expression is regulated by leucine availability, which is crucial for pathogenic fungi to cause disease in hosts.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Juliane Calvez, Simon Benoit, Julien Piedcoq, Nadezda Khodorova, Dalila Azzout-Marniche, Daniel Tome, Robert Benamouzig, Gheorghe Airinei, Claire Gaudichon
Summary: The study found that the true ileal nitrogen digestibility of whey protein isolate (WPI) was significantly higher than that of zein. Amino acid digestibility in WPI was generally higher compared to zein, indicating that zein is poorly digestible in healthy humans.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Lu Wang, Jinshi Liu, Yanlu Li, Qiang Ma, Houguo Xu, Mengqing Liang, Yuliang Wei
Summary: The effects of imbalanced dietary BCAAs, specifically Leu, on the growth and metabolism of turbot were investigated in this study. The results showed that turbot exhibited high plasticity to an excess of any particular BCAA in terms of growth. Excessive intake of a specific BCAA increased its concentration in the plasma, muscles, and liver, and also influenced intestinal amino acid absorption and BCAA catabolism.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Martino V. Franchi, Francesca Badiali, Fabio Sarto, Patrick Mueller, Notger G. Mueller, Kathrin Rehfeld, Elena Monti, Debbie Rankin, Stefano Longo, Jon Lund, Anita Hoekelmann, Marco Narici
Summary: This study found that recreational dancing has stronger neuroprotective effects and can increase muscle function in older individuals compared to general fitness exercise training.
Review
Surgery
NIHR Global Hlth Res Unit Global Surg, GlobalSurg Collaborative
Summary: This study aimed to determine if remote wound reviews using telemedicine can be safely upscaled and whether standardized assessment tools are needed. The findings showed that the rate of surgical site infection reported using telemedicine was slightly lower than with in-person review, indicating the need for standardized tools for remote assessment of surgical site infection.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hannah Crossland, Matthew S. Brook, Jonathan Quinlan, Martino Franchi, Bethan E. Phillips, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Constantinos N. Maganaris, Paul L. Greenhaff, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, Kenneth Smith, Marco Narici, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: This study investigates the molecular changes in patellar tendons with ageing and the responses to different exercise types in young and old individuals. The findings suggest that exercise training can increase tendon protein synthesis, but the transcriptional responses differ between age groups and exercise types.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Colleen S. Deane, Bethan E. Phillips, Craig R. G. Willis, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Ken Smith, Nahoko Higashitani, John P. Williams, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, Philip J. Atherton, Atsushi Higashitani, Timothy Etheridge
Summary: Resistance exercise training (RET) can improve negative features of muscle ageing, but older individuals have reduced adaptive capacity to RET. Proteomic analysis reveals that older muscles have impaired RET-induced adaptations in body composition and show altered expression of cytoskeletal proteins. RET improves mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism in older muscles, but does not correct the altered expression of cytoskeletal proteins.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Matthew S. Brook, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Janelle Tarum, Kyle W. Mitchell, Jonathan L. Lund, Bethan E. Phillips, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, Fawzi Kadi, Paul L. Greenhaff, Ken Smith, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: Ageing limits the growth capacity of skeletal muscle in response to resistance exercise, but the role of satellite cell function in driving this phenomenon is poorly understood.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
E. J. Hardy, C. S. Deane, J. N. Lund, B. E. Phillips
Summary: Despite the implementation of ERAS protocols, major abdominal surgery still leads to significant muscle mass and function loss in the post-operative period. Dietary intake in this period is poorly characterised, with energy and protein intake falling far below the recommended guidelines. Innovative dietary interventions, taking patient dietary preference into account, are needed to address this issue.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Anesthesiology
Brett Doleman, Ole Mathiesen, Alex J. Sutton, Nicola J. Cooper, Jon N. Lund, John P. Williams
Summary: This study used network meta-analysis to identify non-opioid analgesics that may reduce chronic postsurgical pain. Lidocaine, ketamine, and gabapentinoids were found to be potentially effective. However, the low confidence in these findings is due to bias risk and imprecision.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Laurie Smith, Alexandra Coxon-Meggy, Michael Shinkwin, Julie Cornish, Alan Watkins, Greg Fegan, Jared Torkington, HART Trial Collaborators
Summary: This study aimed to assess the rates of incisional hernia (IH) at 1 year following abdominal wall closure between junior and senior surgeons in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. The results showed that patients closed by trainees had a higher rate of IH (20%) compared to those closed by consultants (12%). Additionally, age, sex, and closure method were identified as risk factors for IH.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
H. Javanmard-Emamghissi, B. Doleman, J. N. Lund, S. Lockwood, S. Hare, L. Pearce, S. Moug, G. M. Tierney
Summary: This study aims to describe the outcomes of patients at extreme risk of death with a NELA-predicted 30-day mortality of >= 50%. The study found that compared to high-risk patients with a predicted mortality of 5-49%, extreme-risk patients were more likely to be admitted electively, had longer hospital stays, higher rates of unplanned return to the operating theatre, and lower 90-day survival rates.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isabel A. Ely, Bethan E. Phillips, Kenneth Smith, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Mathew Piasecki, Leigh Breen, Mads S. Larsen, Philip J. Atherton
Summary: This review highlights the anabolic effects of leucine (LEU) supplementation in the context of aging, exercise, and unloading states. LEU has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and maximize muscle anabolism, especially when combined with resistance exercise. Low doses of LEU-enriched protein/essential amino acids (EAA) can achieve maximal MPS stimulation without the need for larger protein doses, making LEU supplementation a promising strategy for promoting muscle growth and net protein accretion.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hala Fatani, Adina Olaru, Rebecca Stevenson, Waad Alharazi, Ayman Jafer, Philip Atherton, Matthew Brook, Gordon Moran
Summary: There is increasing evidence of higher prevalence of sarcopenia in IBD patients due to increased muscle atrophy. This systematic review aimed to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in IBD patients, investigate its impact on patients, and assess the effectiveness of nutritional interventions. The review included 35 studies and found that over one third of adult IBD patients have myopenia or pre-sarcopenia, and nearly a fifth have sarcopenia. Myopenic IBD is associated with increased risk of therapy failure, postoperative complications, low bone mineral density (BMD), and potential risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Personalized nutrition plans may improve muscle mass in IBD patients.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Katie L. R. Cross, Steven R. Brown, Jos Kleijnen, James Bunce, Melanie Paul, Sophie Pilkington, Oliver Warren, Oliver Jones, Jon Lund, Henry J. Goss, Michael Stanton, Tatenda Marunda, Artaza Gilani, L. Wee Sing Ngu, Philip Tozer
Summary: This article aims to update the old guidelines on the management of anal fissures and provide recommendations on the most effective treatment for patients with anal fissures using a multidisciplinary, rigorous guideline methodology.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
J. A. Bunce, J. J. S. Wall, J. N. Lund, G. M. Tierney
Summary: The aim of this scoping review is to describe the current evidence base on risk stratification in emergency abdominal surgery for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is likely that age, the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, comorbidity, and organ dysfunction play a similar role in risk stratification in IBD patients as in other emergency abdominal surgery cohorts. However, there is variability in the reporting of what is considered an IBD emergency.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jessica Cegielski, Joseph J. Bass, Ruth Willott, Adam L. Gordon, Daniel J. Wilkinson, Ken Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Bethan E. Phillips
Summary: This study investigates how different definitions influence the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults. The results show that the prevalence varies greatly depending on the criteria used, such as muscle mass, gait speed, and handgrip strength.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Letter
Surgery
Hannah Javanmard-Emamghissi, Jonathan N. Lund, Gillian M. Tierney
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)